高三英语过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时、将来进行时.doc

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课 题
复习时态：过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时、将来进行时
授课时间：
备课时间：

教学目标

掌握过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时、将来进行时基本构成和基本用法；熟记各种时态的结构和时间状语。

重点、难点

各时态在语法填空、改错题的综合运用

考点及考试要求

1. 高考考纲规定的3500左的词是基本词汇
2. 词类： 1）名词  2）形容词  3）副词  4）动词  5）代词  
6）冠词  7）数词   8）介词  9）连词
3. 时态和语态 4.虚拟语气 5.非谓语动词
6.简单句和并列句 7.名词性从句 8.定语从句
9.状语从句 10.主谓一致
11.特殊句式（省略，倒装，there be 句型， 强调，插入语）
教学内容
一、 知识点
高考时态
一． 定义
顾名思义，时是事情发生的时间，态是动词表现的形态。也就是说，随着事情发生的时间不同而变化的动词形态就是时态。时态就是“时间+动词形态”的结合。与语文相比，时态是英语所特有的。
二． 分类
时态主要分为两大类，那就是现在时态和过去时态。时态总共有16种。其中，高中阶段要求掌握11种。具体谓语动词的形式表现如下：

现在
一般现在时
do或does
be(am/is/are)
一般（现在）将来时
will/shall do或be(am
/is/are) going to do
现在进行时
be(am/is/are)doing
(现在)将来进行时
shall/will be doing
现在完成时
have/has done
现在完成进行时
have/has been doing

过去
一般过去时
did
be(was/were)
（一般）过去将来时
would do或be(was/
were) going to do
过去进行时
be(was/were) doing
过去将来进行时
would be doing
过去完成时
had done
过去完成进行时
had been doing

1.过去完成时
一、基本概念 
总体上说它属于“过去”这一时间段内发生的事情，它表达的是在某个过去动作或时间点之前发生的动作，简单地说就是“过去的过去”发生的事情
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.

二、构成 
① 基本形式:had + 过去分词
Eg：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
② 否定形式:had + not + 过去分词。如: 
③ 一般疑问句形式:had提到句首,回答用Yes, 主语 + had. / No, 主语 + hadn’t. 
三、语法判定
1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：
（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如：
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
（ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。
如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。
如： Before 10:00 yesterday, he had finished his homework. 

2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。
She said she had seen the film 4 times.
四、用法 
1、表示在过去动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态。   
例如 ：Most of the guest _____(leave) when he arrived at the party. （即：客人在他到之前已经离开了。）   
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.（即：吃饭在先，他们到达在后。） 

2、过去完成时还可以表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。   
例如 ：He _________(work) in the factory for five years  before he moved here . 
    By the time I got there, it______ already____________( finish). 
3、叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。
例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.

4. 过去完成时在从句的运用：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
例如： He said that he had known her well.
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel
I returned the book that I had borrowed.

五、其它句型 
1. It was the first time that 从句中，从句用过去完成时。   
  It was the first time that he had seen so beautiful scenery。
 2、.Hardly/scarcely....when 与no sooner than 引导的时间状语从句中，从句是一般过去时时，      
          主句就用过去完成时。 
  e.g：  He had hardly begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.    
 He  had no sooner arrived than he went away again.    他刚到就又走了。  
  注：hardly/ scarcely/ no sooner 放在句首时，句子要使用部分倒装。   
No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain
练习：
1．He asked me ____ during the summer holidays. 
A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been    D. where had I gone 
 2. What___ Jane ____ by the time he was sever? 
A. did, do           B. has,  done      C did, did.            D. had,  done 
3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 
A. learned          B. was learning      C. had learned        D. learnt 
 4. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I ___ the dinner already. 
A had cooked         B. cooked         C. have cooked        D. was cooked 
5. She said she __________ the principle already 
A .has seen          B. saw            C. will see            D. had seen 

2.现在完成进行时
一、基本结构：主语+have/has+been doing

二、现在完成进行的基本用法
1. 现在完成进行时表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作很可能继续进行下去。
如： It has been raining since last Sunday.
He's been watching television all day.

2. 现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论。
如： She is very tired. She's been typing letters all day.
Her eyes are red. She has been crying.

三、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
1. 现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作，而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作。
如： I have read the book.
I have been reading the book.
2. 现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。
如： I have waited for two hours. （陈述事实）
I have been waiting for two hours. （等得好辛苦）
3.不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时。
如： I've only known her for two day. 我认识她刚刚两天。
They've been married for twenty years. 他们结婚已二十年了。
The war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争持续了很长时间。
练习: 用动词正确形式填空。
1. You know, I ________ (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.
2. The little boy is dirty all over because he ________ (play) in the mud all the morning.
3. Here he is! We ________ (wait) anxiously for him since last night.

3.将来进行时
一． 将来进行时
将来进行时是指将来某个时间正在进行的动作。
基本结构是: will be +doing
be going to be +doing
例句：I will be sleeping at 12:00 tomorrow evening.明天晚上十二点的时候我将在睡觉。
What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?明天晚上六点你将在干什么？

二、 将来进行时常用的时间状语: At +时间点+ tomorrow/ next...,
At this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach.明天的这个时间，我将会躺在海滩上了。
三．将来进行时基本用法
1. 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语。如：
We'll be having a meeting at three o'clock tomorrow afternoon.明天下午三点,我们将正在开会。
2. 主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。如:
例:This time tomorrow you ________ there doing some more exercises.
A. will sit B. will be sitting C. sit D.shall sit
I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning.
3.表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。如：
After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better.

四．将来进行时和一般将来时的区别
一般将来时的动作发生在将来某个时间，而将来进行时的动作发生在将来某个具体时间正在进行。比较：
I’ll write a letter to my parents tomorrow.
I’ll be writing a letter to my parents this time tomorrow.

4.将来完成时
一、定义：将来完成时用在表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用。
二、基本结构 主语+ shall/will have done
三、用法：
①表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。
例：1.Pick me up at 8 o'clock tomorrow,I will have had breakfast by then.
_________________________________________________到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。
②表示推测，相当于"must have done"结构。
例：1.You will have heard of this, I guess. 我猜你已经听说过这件事了。
③.表示某种状态一直持续到说话人所提及的时间。
例：We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到6月25日我们俩结婚就满1年了。

时态总结
一般现在时：
1、构成：构成：1）、is /am /are
2）、实义动词---------V（原形）或 V+s/es
2、 重点用法： a 客观真理。 Birds fly.
b 现阶段习惯性动作。 We have four classes everyday.
3、标志词：频率副词（always， usually，often, every day, on Sundays等）
4、 时间状语从句( until, when, as soon as等引导)，条件状语从句（unless, if引导）中表将来。
If it rains tomorrow, we will have to stay at home.
一般过去时：
1、 构成： 1）was/were
2)动词过去式V-ed(不规则动词表的第二列)
2、 标志词： 以及表示过去的时间( last.....yesterday… ago in 1990 )
3、and, but ,so连接几个动词，前面是过去时，后面也要保持一样。
The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died.
一般将来时：
1 、构成： am/is/are going to do+ V原形
will+ V原形
2 、重点用法：将来的事情
3 、标志词：in+ 一段时间 next.... , tomorrow…

过去将来时：
1 构成 ： would+V（原形）
2 重点用法 从过去某一时刻看将来要发生的事情。特别是宾语从句，主句said, wanted to know动词的过去式时，宾语从句中，表示过去的将来。
Linda said that she would visit her uncle the next Saturday.
现在进行时：
1、 构成 is/am/are+Ving
2、 标志词：now, Look，Listen, these days.
过去进行时:
1 、构成 :was/were+ V-ing
2 、 标志词：表示过去的具体到时间点的时间（ at five o’clock the day yesterday.）, at that time
When +一般过去时 While +过去进行时
现在完成时:
1 构成 have/has done (-have/has+V-ed)
22标志词： since+具体时间或者时间, for+一段时间
Already(肯定句）, yet（否定句）, so far 到目前为止 by+现在的时间

过去完成时
1 构成 had done
2 重点用法：a 过去的过去！(一定要有第一个过去，才有第二个过去，才用到过去完成时)
3 标志词：before/ by+过去的时间或by the time+过去的事情
课堂练习
一、单句语法填空
1．—So what is the procedure?  —All the applicants ________(interview)before a final decision is made by the authority. 
2．“What do you want to be？”asked Mrs.Crawford.“Oh，I________(be)president，”said the boy，with a smile. 
3．If nothing________(do)，the oceans will turn into fish deserts. 
4．—I don't understand why you didn't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. 
—I'm so sorry.But I________(do)my homework. 
5． Generally,students' inner motivation with high expectations from others________(be)essential to their 
development.
6．—Oh no！We're too late.The train________(leave)． —That's OK.We'll catch the next train to London. 
7．He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all，he________(have)it for a very long time.
8．A lot of people often forget that oral exams ________(design)to test our communicative ability. 
9 The three of us ________(travel)around Europe for about a month last summer.
10.When I got on the bus，I ________(realize)I had left my wallet at home.
11．In 1492,Columbus ________(land)on one of the Bahama islands,but he mistook it for an island off India12．John,a friend of mine,who got married only last week,spent $3,000 more than he ________(plan)for the wedding.
13．—What's that noise? 
—Oh，I forgot to tell you.The new machine ________(test)．
14．Visitors ________(request)not to touch the exhibits. 
15．All the preparations for the task ________(complete)，and we're ready to start. 
16. _________ （know）basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
17 Anyone, once _________ (test) positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
18. _______________ (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.
19.. The sunlight is white and blinding, (throw) hard-edged shadows on the ground.
20. Volunteering gives you a chance ____________ (change) lives, including your own．
21. (find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level．
22.. When we saw the road (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home．
23. __________ （stay）warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.
24. If ___________________ (ask) to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
25. I stopped the car _________________ (take) a short break as I was feeling tired.

二、单据改错： 真题单句归纳
（1） We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop
（2） Two months ago they were back in America. Last Sunday， police cars hurry to the…
（3） If the book you will want is out， you may ask for it to be called back for you. 
（4） They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing together. 
（5） I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing and there was no way of settling the matter except by selling the set. 
（6） I remembered her words and calm down. 
（7） They did not want me to do   any work at home； they want me to devote all my time to… 
（8） He said he is busy. 
（9） At once I apologize  and controlled myself at my best till the dinner started.
（10） Sometimes， we talked to each other very well in class， but after class we become stranger at once. 
（11） We were living in a big family. We treat each other as brothers and sisters.  
（12）Many people came to him, complain about the same problems every time.  
（13）His parents, not want him to drop out of school, brought him to a new school.

课后作业
一、真题演练：单句语法
1. When I die, I ____________(give) everything to you.
2. That was definitely not an attractive idea, so I politely declined her invitation, .____________(close) my book and walked away.
3. His fear of failure __________(keep) him from classroom games that other students played with joyous 
abandon. 
4. _______________(speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary,
5. _____________(complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. 
6.It was raining lightly when I___61___ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.
7. This cycle 48 (go) day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.
8. In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It 61 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.
9. Be patient！Tai Chi 66 (call) “shadow boxing” in English.It asks you to act like water： 10.Unless some extra money (find)，the theatre will close
11.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 46 (cool) the house during the hot day；at the same time，they warm up again for the night.
12. In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without 44 (use) electric equipment.
13. The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 41 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.
二、单选题
1. When I was young, I ________ with my grandma in the countryside, which is unforgettable.
A. lived B. have lived C. was lived D. had lived
2. –Excuse me, is the book Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell available now?
-Sorry, but it _________ so well that we don’t have any in store.
A. sells B. is sold C. has sold D. has been sold
3. The tourism of Linyi _________ rapid growth over the last decade. Now it’s the second most visited city in Shandong Province.
A. saw B. had seen C. is seeing D. has seen
4. Great changes _____place in my hometown during the past three decades.
A. took B. have taken C. were taken D. have been taken
5． Leave me alone. I ________ an article all the afternoon and haven’t finished yet.
A. write B. have been writing C. have written D. wrote
6. When the power of love _______ the love of power, the world will likely be in peace.
A. overcomes B. will overcome C. is overcoming D. overcame
7. Mr. Black ________ Shanghai in a few days. Shall we have a party?
A. leaves B. is leaving C. left D. has left
8. –Look, it _________ again.
–Yeah. This is the third snow we __________ this spring.
A. will snow, are having B. has snowed, had had
C. is snowing, have had D. snows, have had
9. Mr. White ____ in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month.
A. worked B. has worked C. had worked D. would work
10. The project ________ to developing the economy and reducing poverty when it is completed.
A. has contributed B. had been contributed
C. will contribute D. is contributed
11. Nelson Mandela __________ peacefully at his Johannesburg home on Thursday, President Jacob Zuma said.
A. dies B. died C. has died D. was died
12. –I thought you _____________ for vacation tomorrow.
-I had planned, but I have a very important meeting to attend tomorrow.
A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left D. were