资源描述
unit1 art
1．real adj. 真的，真实的，现实的
This is a real pearl, not an imitation.
这是真的珍珠, 不是仿制品。
This is a real experience, not a dream.
这是一次真实的经历, 并不是做梦。
realism adj. 现实主义
realist n. 现实主义者
realistic adj. 现实主义的，逼真的，现实的
reality n. 真实（性），现实，实际经历的事
We thought he was serious but in reality he was joking.
我们以为他是认真的, 但实际上他是在开玩笑。
The film showed life in the poor areas with great reality.
影片非常逼真地展现了贫困地区的生活。
realize v. 实现；了解，认识到；变卖，赚得
He realized his dream when he passed the entrance examination.
入学考试通过了, 他的梦想就实现了。
If you were in the Sahara, you would realize the value of fresh water.如果你在撒哈拉大沙漠, 你就会知道淡水的价值了。
How much did you realize on the house?
这所房子你们出售后赚了多少钱?
2．abstract
adj. 抽象的，抽象派的
Abstract nouns are usually uncountable nouns in English.
英语中的抽象名词通常是不可数名词。
He is an abstract painter.
他是一个抽象派画家。
n. 抽象, 抽象概念；抽象性抽象派艺术作品摘要, 梗概
It's the abstract that is called system analysis.
这就是所谓系统分析这个抽象概念。
There're two abstracts on the wall.
墙上挂着两幅抽象派画。
He made an abstract of a long article.
他对一篇长文章做了摘要。
vt. 提取, 抽取；做…的摘要
He has abstracted the speech.
他对讲话作了摘要。
abstract sth. from sth.从。。。中提取。。。
3．faith
n 信任，信心，忠诚；宗教信仰
Faith that justice would prevail impelled us forward.
正义必胜的信念激励着我们前进。
break faith 背约
give one's faith to 担保[发誓, 答应]
keep faith with 忠于信仰; 守信
lose faith in 失去对...的信念; 不再信任
faithful adj. 忠实的，守信的；忠贞的；
如实的; 可靠的, 忠于原文的
be faithful to sb. [sth.] 忠实于某人[某事]
We are all faithful listeners to the program.
我们都是这档节目的忠实听众。
She was always faithful to her husband.
她对她的丈夫一直忠贞不渝。
a faithful copy 真实的副本
a faithful account忠实的叙述
faithfully adv.
4．consequently adv. 所以, 因此
She was a bright and eager student and, consequently, did well in school.她是个聪明好学的学生, 因此学习成绩很好。
consequence n. 结果, 后果；重要（性）
Nobody can tell what the consequences may be.
没有人能说出可能的后果
consider the consequences考虑后果
a person of consequence举足轻重的人
chemical consequence 化学后果（如核反应的化学后果）
ecological consequence 生态的影响
without negative consequence 没有副作用
in consequence of... 的结果， 因为...的缘故， 由于
answer for the consequences 对后果负责
as a consequence 因而， 结果
consequent adj. 作为结果的, 随之发生的
This fall of prices is consequent on the rise in production.
这次价格下降是生产提高的结果。
be consequent on/upon 随...而发生，是...的后果
5．conventional adj. 常规的，传统的；
依惯例的，陈旧的；约［协］定的，会议的
conventional warfare常规作战
conventional weapons常规武器
a conventional design传统图案
conventional opinions旧观念
conventional duties协定关税
The chairman made a few conventional remarks.
主席说了几句客套话。
convention n.常规，习俗，惯例；协定，公约；会议，集会
the Geneva Conventions(有关战俘的待遇等的)日内瓦协定
sign a convention 签定公约
social conventions 社会习俗
a matter of convention 常规问题
break away from convention 打破常规［惯例］
by convention 出于习俗， 按照惯例
6．evident adj. 明显的, 明白的
It is evident that he is not equal to the job.
显然,他不能胜任那个工作。
He signed his name with evident satisfaction.
他显然很满意地签了名
evidence n. 证词,证据,证人; 迹象 v. 证明
present evidence 【律】提供证据
produce evidence 【律】提供证据
documentary evidence 书面证明, 证明文件
He was punished for giving false evidence.
他因作伪证而受到惩罚。
The evidence is very shaky. 这证据相当靠不住。
There are evidences that somebody has been living here.
有迹象显示有人一直住在这里
7．possess vt. 具有,拥有；支配,控制
possess courage有勇气
The country possesses rich mineral deposits.
这个国家拥有丰富的矿藏。
Though plain-looking, Mary is possessed of great intelligence.
虽然相貌平平,玛丽却拥有智慧
One main idea possessed her; she must get away from home.
她只有一个想法;她一定要离家出走。
She was possessed by the desire to be rich.
她被致富的欲望所支配。
be possessed by /with 被(鬼怪/思想等)缠住,迷住
be possessed of 拥有, 占有, 具有, 享有
possession n. 占有, 持有；私人财物；领地, 殖民地
take possession of 获得, 占有; 购得
in one's possession为某人所占有[持有]
in the possession of sb.为某人所占有[持有]
excessive possession of the ball (守门员)持球时间过长
India was Britain's former overseas possession.
印度是英国过去的海外领地。
family possessions 家产
possessor n. 持有人,所有人
possessive adj. 私有欲的，所有格的
8．perspective n.
透视图法,透视图；看法,观点；远景;展望；前途,希望
Children often draw without perspective.
小孩子画画常常不管透视法。
She has drawn a good perspective.
她画了一幅很好的透视图。
view an issue from a historical perspective
用历史的观点看待问题
You have the wrong perspective on that situation.
对于那个情势的未来发展,你的看法是不正确的
a perspective of lakes and hills湖山远景
We may get a clear perspective of the people's happy lives.
我们可以清楚地展望人民的幸福生活。
in perspective 合乎透视法; 比例正确
out of perspective 不按透视法; 不成比例
9．controversial adj. 有争议的, 引起争议的
The topic of argument is controversial.
这个议题是很有争议的。
a controversial question引起争论的问题
controversialist n. 争论者， 辩论者
controversy n. 公开辩论, 论战
the scientific controversy
科学上的论争
controvert vt. 争论, 反驳, 否定
10．specific
adj. 确切的, 详尽的；具体的, 特有的；仅限于…的
What's the specific time of his arrival?
他确切的到达时间是几点钟?
We haven't fixed a specific date for our meeting.
我们会议的具体日期还没有定下来。
This disease is specific to this area.
这种疾病只发生在这一地区。
n. 特效药；具体方面, 细节
This is a specific for cancer.
这是一种治疗癌症的特效药。
He never talked in specific about his work.
他从不谈论有关自己工作的详情。
specification n. 说明书；载明, 详述, 说明
The obscure charges against him lacked specification.
对他的模糊的指控缺乏明确的说明。
basic specifications 主要技术规范
design specification 设计规格, 设计说明(书)
detailed specification 详细说明(规格)
specify vt. 详述；指定
Please specify what you will do.
请你详述一下你将做什么。
We should specify a time and a place for the meeting.
我们应指定会议的时间和地点
11.figure n.外形, 轮廓；画像, 塑像；图形，插图；
形象，人物；身分，地位；
数字，符号；价格, 价钱
a slender figure苗条的身段
a half-length figure半身像
a rectangular figure矩形
the great figures of history历史上的伟大人物
a person of figure地位高的人
have a head for figures数字概念强
double [three] figures两[三]位数
sell sth. at a low figure以低价出售某物
The above figure did not include workers.
上面的数字没有包括工人。
The figure on page 22 shows a political map of Africa.
第22页的插图是非洲的政区图。
I made out three figures moving in the distance.
我隐约看出远处有三个人影在移动。
12．delicate adj.
精美的, 精致的, 精巧的
纤细的, 柔和的
易碎的, 脆弱的
敏感的, (仪器等)灵敏的; 精密的
微妙的, 有技巧的, 得当的
the delicate beauty of the painting 油画的精美
delicate feeling温情
delicate colors柔和的颜色
Be careful with those wine cups—they are very delicate.
当心那些酒杯——它们很容易碎。
He has a delicate sense of smell.
他嗅觉灵敏。
The international situation is very delicate at present.
当前的国际形势十分微妙。
delicate handling of the situation巧妙的处理
13．scholar n.学者, 有文化的人；公费生, 奖学金获得者
a scholar in[of] English英语学者
As a scholar you will not have to pay college fees.
作为接受奖学金的学生, 你不必付大学的费用。
I am not much of a scholar .
我没有什么文化。
scholarly adj. 学术性的, 有学问的, 博学的
scholarship n. 学问, 学识；奖学金
This is a book that displays the considerable scholarship of its author.这是一本表现作者重大学术成就的书。
She won a scholarship to go to university.
她获得了上大学的奖学金。
14．preference n. 偏爱,优先选择；偏爱物, 优先选择物
have a preference for 偏爱...
have a preference of sth. to /over another宁要某物而不要另一物
What is your preference?你有什么嗜好?
prefer vt. 选择某事物(而不选择他事物); 更喜欢
She preferred that nobody should come to see her.
她宁愿没有人来看她。
prefer ... rather than… 宁愿[愿意]...而不愿
prefer ...to…喜欢...而不喜欢; 喜欢... 胜过...
preferable adj. 更好的, 更适合的, 更可取的
Health without riches is preferable to riches without health.
有健康而无财富比有财富而无健康更好。
preferential adj. 优先的, 优惠的, 特惠的
This hotel gives preferential treatment to people who stay in it regularly.旅馆给那些常客优惠待遇。
15．appeal v. 呼吁, 恳求；诉诸, 求助(于)(to)；上诉
引起…兴趣, 投合...的心意 (to)；
appeal for aid请求援助
appeal for mercy [sympathy]请求宽恕[同情]
appeal to arms [force]诉诸武力
appeal to another court向另一法院上诉
appeal against a decision/judgement不服判决/裁判而上诉
Bright colours appeal to small children.
小孩喜欢鲜艳的颜色。
n.恳[要]求, 呼吁(书)；控诉, 上诉；魅力, 吸引力, 感染力
court of appeal上诉法院
artistic appeal艺术魅力[感染力]
The game has lost its appeal.这种游戏已引不起人们的兴趣。
appeal to
向...呼吁[请求]；投合...的心意；引起...的兴趣诉诸(武力)
appeal to sb. for sth. 为...向某人呼吁[请求]…
have appeal 有吸引力, 引人入胜
16．civilization n.文明，文化，文明社会；开化，教化
Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world.
中国文明是世界上最古老的文明之一。
The civilization of these tribes will take a long time.
这些部落的开化将需很长时间。
civilize vt.使文明,教化
The Romans civilized many of the tribes of northern Europe.
罗马人开化了北欧许多部落。
The rough boy has been civilized by his adopters.
那个粗野的男孩在养父母的影响下变得文雅了。
civilized adj.有礼貌的, 文明的；有教养的, 非野蛮的
17．committee n.委员会; 全体委员
The committee has[have] decided to dismiss him.
委员会已决定辞退他。
class committee 班委
case committee 案例委员会会
educational committee 教育委员会
executive committee 执行委员会
special committee 特别委员会
selection committee 选拔委员会
standing committee 常务委员会
watch-dog committee 监督委员会
be/sit on a committee 任委员会委员
go into committee 交委员会详细审查
in committee 在委员会审议中
Unit2 poems
1. poetry n. 诗[总称], 诗集；诗意, 富有诗意的事物
satiric poetry讽刺诗
epic poetry叙事诗
historical poetry史诗
lyric poetry抒情诗
prose poetry散文诗
Her dancing is pure poetry.她的舞蹈非常富于诗意。
poet n. 诗人 poetess 女诗人
He is a lyric poet.他是个抒情诗人。
poem n.诗, 富有诗意的东西
a lyric poem抒情诗
a prose poem散文诗
compose /write a poem作诗
Their lives are a poem.
他们的生活就是一首诗
poetic=poetical adj.诗的, 韵文的;
富有诗意的; 诗人(一样)的
poetic works诗作, 诗集
in poetic form用诗的形式
2．convey vt. 运送；传达；【律】转让（财产等）
convey the supplies to the warehouse把物资运送到仓库
I can't convey my feelings in words.我的情感难以言表。
The ambassador personally conveyed the president's message to the premier.大使亲自向总理转达了总统的问候。
conveyer n.运送装置者,转让人
conveyance n.运送；传达；运输机关,运输工具；
【律】（不动产的）转让； 转让证书
conveyance by air空运
door-to-door conveyance上门取送运输
means of conveyance交通［运输］工具
absolute conveyance无条件让渡
voluntary conveyance无偿让与
3．contradictory adj.反驳的，矛盾的，同...相反的（to）
schemes contradictory to common sense不合常识的计划
contradictory statements相互矛盾的陈述
contradict v． 反驳；与...矛盾
contradict a statement驳斥一项声明
contradict oneself自相矛盾
The reports contradict each other.这些报告相互矛盾。
Your actions contradict your declared moral principles.
你的行为违背了你宣称的道德准则。
Don't contradict!别顶嘴！
contradictions n. 否认, 反驳；矛盾
His speech contained many contradictions.
他的话矛盾百出。
Your attitude is in contradiction to your character.
你的态度和你的性格相抵触。
Your statements today are in contradiction with what you said yesterday.你今天的声明与你昨天所说的话相互矛盾。
4．pattern n.样式,模型，花样,图案；榜样,典范
She cut a pattern for her own coat.
她给自己的外衣剪了一个样式。
a paper pattern for the dress裁衣服的纸型
a sentence pattern句型
logical pattern逻辑图
The success of the course set a pattern for the training of new employees.该课程的成功为新雇员的训练树立了榜样
a pattern wife模范妻子
behaviour pattern行为的典范
She's a pattern of all the virtues.她是一切美德的楷模。
vt.模仿, 仿造(after, upon)
pattern a dress on [after] a Parisian model
模仿巴黎流行样式裁制衣服
She patterned herself after her mother.
她模仿她的母亲。
5．minimum n. (pl. minimums, minima)
最小(量), 最低额; 最低限度; 最低点;【数】极小(值)
They want to spend a minimum of both time and money.
他们想花费最少的时间和钱。
The thermometer reached the minimum for the year.
寒暑表已降到当年的最低记录。
adj. 最少的, 最小的, 最低的
minimum value【数】最小值, 最小的价值
minimum wage最低工资
minimize vt. 把…减至最低限度；对…作最低估计
You can minimize the dangers of driving by taking care to obey the rules of the road.
严格遵守交通规则, 你就能把行车危险降到最低点。
He minimized the value of her contribution to his research so that he got all the praise.
他极力贬低她在那项研究中的贡献, 从而独获全部奖励。
maximize vt. 使(某事物)增至最大限度
maximum adj. 最大值的, 最大量的
6．in particular 尤其, 特别
She likes fruit and tomatoes in particular.
她喜欢水果, 尤其是西红柿。
particular adj. 特殊的; 详细的； 挑剔的；要好的
a particular case特殊情况[场合]
take particular care特别照顾
in that particular way以(那种)特殊的方式
particular description详细的描述
a particular customer挑剔的顾客
be particular about what one eats讲究吃喝
my very particular friend我的知己
She is so particular about her housework that servants will not work for her.
她对家务活太挑剔了, 以致于佣人们不愿给她干活。
7．Transform vt. 转变, 使改变性质；改造, 改革
【电】变换; 变压；【数】变换
Success and wealth transformed his character.
成功和财富改变了他的性格。
A steam engine transforms heat into power.
蒸汽机将热能转变成动力。
transformable adj. 可变形的; 可变化的
transformer n 变压器
transformation n.转变；改革；变质【数】变换;【电】变压;
social transformation 社会改革
8．revolve v. (使)旋转；细想
The earth revolves both round the sun and on its own axis.
地球既公转又自转。
Seasons revolve.季节周期性转换。
Ideas revolved in his mind.他思虑再三。
revolve a problem in one's mind反复思考一个问题
9．bare adj. 赤裸的，光秃的，稀少的；
刚好的，基本的，最低限度的
n. 最基本的要素
bear legs 光腿
bare to the waist裸露上身
bare hillside 光秃的山坡
bare hands 赤手
bare shelves空架子
the bare necessities of life 最低限度的生活必需品
a bare majority勉强过半数
10．appropriate adj.适合的; 相称的
at appropriate time 在恰当的时间
appropriate example适当的例子
Write in a style appropriate to your subject.
用与你的题目相称的体裁写。
His formal style of speaking was appropriate to the occasion.
他正式的说话风格适合这种场合。
be appropriate to/for 适于, 合乎
11．exchange n. 交换, 互换；兑换, 汇率
There have been numerous exchanges of views between the two governments.两国政府间曾多次交换意见。
The purpose was to halt the rise in the exchange rate of the Swiss franc.目的在于制止瑞士法郎汇率上涨。
vt. 交换, 互换；交流
You two boys exchange places.你们两个孩子交换一下位置。
They exchanged experience at the meeting.
他们在会上交流经验。
exchange Christmas gifts交换圣诞节礼物
exchange seats with sb.与某人调换一个座位
exchange experience交流经验
exchange greetings互相问候
exchange foreign money for Renminbi把外币兑成人民币exchange blows 互相殴打, 打架
exchange words 争吵, 吵架
cultural exchange 文化交流
She didn't really like the hat, but it couldn't be exchanged.
她并不十分喜欢那顶帽子, 但却无法退换。
make an exchange 交换
12．sponsor vt. 赞助, 发起, 主办；担保, 资助
The United States sponsored the important meeting.
美国主办了那次重要的会议。
The exhibition was sponsored by the Society of Culture.
这个展览会是由文化学会主办的。
sponsored programme播有广告的广播[电视]节目
n. 发起者, 主办者, 倡仪者；保证人; 资助者
class sponsor班主任
13．championship n. 冠军的地位,冠军称号；锦标赛；
拥护,支持
Susan won the spelling championship.
苏珊在拼字比赛中得了第一名。
the World（Women's Volleyball）Championships
世界（女子排球）锦标赛
His championship of women's rights is well known.
他提倡女权是众所周知的。
champion n. 优胜者,冠军；出类拔萃的人(或物) ；
提倡者,拥护者
He is a champion at writing familiar essays.
他是写小品文的好手。
the boxing champion of the world世界拳击冠军
a great champion of peace伟大的和平捍卫者
a champion against colonialism反对殖民主义的战士
vt. 拥护,支持,为...而战
She championed the cause of civil rights.
她积极支持民权运动。
champion a just cause支持正义事业
14．load n. 负荷; 负担；装载, 装载量
The load on this beam is more than it will bear.
横梁上的负荷比它能承受的要大得多。
The plane can carry a ten-ton load.飞机能载重十吨。
工作量, 负荷量
v．把…装上车[船]；装载
The goods are hard to load.这些货物装起来会很困难的。
This camera loads easily.这架照相机装胶卷很容易
Unit3 a healthy life
1．abuse vt 滥用；辱骂；虐待
abuse one's privilege/authority 滥用特权
abuse a friend辱骂朋友
an abused wife 受虐待的妻子
I'll not abuse your hospitality and your kindness.
我不会辜负你的热情招待和好意。
n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂；恶习, 不正之风
drug abuse 滥用药品
an abuse to trust辜负信任
a term of abuse 辱骂语
He burst into a storm of abuse.他破口大骂。
They decided to reform social abuses.
他们决定改革社会陋习。
2．stress n. 压力,紧张;压迫；
着重;重要性[(+on)；【语】重音;重读(+on)
Susan was completely weighed down by the stress of examinations. 苏珊被考试的压力压垮了。
under the stress of poverty 在贫困的压力下
time of stress 120危难之际, 非常时期
the stresses and strains of modern life
现代生活的压力和紧张
She lay great stress on proper behavior.
她很强调行为端正。
In the word "mother", the stress is on the first syllable.
在"mother"这一字里,重音在第一个音节上。
vt. 加压力于;使紧张；强调,着重；用重音读
The weight of snow stressed the roof to the point of collapsing. 雪的重量压得屋顶快要塌了。
The English teacher stressed the importance of reading aloud. 英语老师强调了朗读的重要性。
He stressed the point that
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