初一英语知识点归纳大成.pdf

-1-七年级英语动词固定搭配-1-初一英语知识点归纳初一英语知识点归纳want to do sth 想要做某事 I want to be a teacher./He wants to have milk for breakfast.want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 My mother wants me to clean the room.want sth 想要某物 I want an apple.like doing sth 喜欢做某事 I like playing football.like to do sth 喜欢做某事 He likes to go shopping with his friends.like sth 喜欢某物 I like apples.enjoy doing sth 喜爱做某事 My brother enjoys playing football.enjoy sth 喜爱/某物 I enjoyed my winter vacation.have fun doing sth 愉快地做某事 I had great fun playing in the water.=have a good time doing sth =I had a good time playing in the water.=enjoy oneself to do sth =I enjoyed myself to play in the water.let sb do sth 让某人做某事 Lucy lets me go shopping with her.let sb not do sth 让某人不做某事 My mother lets me not play on the road.tell sb to do sth 告诉某人去做某事 Tom tells me to work hard.tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要去做某事 Tom tells me not to play every day.tell sb about sth 告诉某人关于某事 My math teacher tells us about the exam.tell sb sth 告诉某人某事 My friend told me the traffic accident.hope to do sth 希望去做某事 I hope to go to Beijing on summer vacation.hope+从句希望 I hope you have a good trip.Its+形容词+of sb to do sth 某人做某事真是太 Its kind of you to help me.Its+形容词+for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说Its good for you to have vegetables every day.be interested in doing sth 对做某事很感兴趣 Lucy is interested in dancing.be interested in sth 做某事某物很感兴趣 My parents are interested in Beijing Opera.be friendly to sb 对某人很友好 My classmates are friendly to me.be friendly with sb 和某人很友好 My classmates are friendly with each other.wait for sb 等待某人 Jeff often waits for his sister after school.cant wait to do sth 迫不及待去做某事 Summer is coming,I cant wait to go to swim.work for 为而工作 Do you want to work for a magazine?work as 从事职业 My father works as a doctor.work with 和一起工作 Do you like to work with other young people?be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 My mother is busy doing housework every day.be busy with sth 忙于某事某物 Every student is busy with study.teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事 My English teacher teaches me to study English.teach sb sth 教某人某事某物 My English teacher teaches me study.thanks for doing sth 感谢你做了某事 Thanks for helping me.=thank you for doing sth =Thank you for helping me.thank sb for doing 感谢某人做了某事 Thank Tom for helping me.thank sb for sth 因某事感谢某人 =Thank Tom for his help.be surprised to do sth 做某事感到惊讶 Im surprised to hear the news.be surprised at sth 对某事某物感到惊讶=Im surprised at the news.be surprised+that 从句对而惊讶 Im surprised that he passed the exam.stop doing sth 停止做某事 The teacher is coming,please stop talking.-2-七年级英语动词固定搭配-2-stop to do sth 停下来做某事 Im tired,so I stop to have a rest.remember doing sth 记得做过某事 I remembered cleaning the room.remember to do sth 记住去做某事 Remember to close the door when you leave.forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 I forgot telling him about Mary.forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 I forget to tell you to close the door.would like to do sth 想要去做某事 I would like to have milk for breakfast.would like sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 I would like him to tell me the story.would like sth 想要某物 I would like an apple.doing sth 做某事怎样 What about going to the park this weekend?What about sth 某物某事怎样 What about a cup of tea?=How about +代词怎样 What about him?practice doing sth 练习做某事 My sister practices playing the piano every day.practice sth 练习某事 =My sister practices the piano every day.practice+代词练习 Practice it more.spend+时/钱(in)doing sth 花多少时钱做某事 I spent 2 yuan buying the clothes.spend+时/钱 on sth 花多少时钱在某物上 I spent 2 yuan on the clothes.ask sb to do sth 叫某人去做某事 My mother ask me to buy some vegetables after school.ask sb not to do sth 叫某人不要去做某事 The teacher asks the students not to play on the road.ask sb about sth 问某人关于某事某物 My father asks me about the exam.ask sb for sth 问找某人要某物 I often ask my parents for money.Its time to do sth 该做某事了 Its time to have dinner.Its time for sb to do sth 某人该做某事了 Its time for me to have dinner.Its time for sth 某事的时间到了 It time for dinner.watch sb/sth doing sth 看见某人某物正在做某事 Henry often watches Jim playing the balls.watch sb/sth do sth 看见某人某物做过某事 I watched him do his homework.suggest doing sth 建议做某事 I suggest going to the park not the zoo.suggest sth 建议某物某事 He suggests the plan.suggest+从句建议 I suggest that we should go to the park this weekends.find sb/sth doing sth 发现某人某物正在做某事 I found it playing the ball.find sb/sth do sth 发现某人某物做过某事 I found it play the ball.help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事 He often helps me do the housework.help sb with sth 帮助某人某事 He often helps me with the housework.make sb do sth 使让某人做某事 It made me feel happy.decide to do sth 决定去做某事 We decided to go to the park this weekend.decide not to do sth 决定不去做某事 We decided not to go to the park this weekend.decide sth 决定某物某事 We decided the plan.decide+从句决定 We decided that we will go to the park this weekend.discuss sth with sb 和某人讨论某事 I often disscuss my study with my teacher.discuss sth 讨论某物某事 We often discuss it.mind doing sth 介意做某事 Do you mind my opening the door?mind sth 介意某事某物 I mind the score.mind+代词介意 I dont mind it.mind+从句介意 I dont mind that you open the window.agree to do sth 同意去做某事 I agreed to go to the park this weekend.agree with sb(about sth)同意某人（关于某事）Do you agree with me(about the plan).-3-七年级英语动词固定搭配-3-agree+从句同意 Her mother agrees that she can go shopping with me.buy sth from sb/sw 从某人/某处买来某物 I bought some apples from the shop/him.sell sth to sb/sw 卖某物给某人/某处 He sold some apples to me.show sb sth=show sth to sb 给某人看某物=把某物给某人看 give sb sth=give sth to sb 给某人某物=把某物给某人pass sb sth=pass sth to sb 传给某人某物=把某物传给某人sell sb sth=sell sth to sb 卖给某人某物=卖某物给某人buy sb sth=buy sth for sb 买给某人某物=买某物给某人make sb sth=make sth for sb 为某人做某物=做某物给某人fight for sth/sb 为某事某物某人而战 We Chinese people fight for peace.fight with sth/sb 和某物某人打架 Dont fight with your sister.fight against sth/sb 为反对某事某物某人而战 We fight against the war.Why not do sth 为什么不做某事 Why not go shopping with me?=Why dont you do sth =Why dont you go shopping with me?be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 He is good at playing the piano.be good at sth 擅长某事/某物 =He is good at piano.be good with sb 和某人相处融洽 Im good with my classmates.be good for sb/sth 对某人/某物有益 Apples are good for your health.be good to sb 对某人好 My mother is always good to me.start to do sth 开始做某事 =start doing sthstart sth 开始某事/屋finish to do sth 完成做某事=finish doing sthfinish sth 完成某事/某物be strict with sb 对某人严格 My teacher is strict with us.be strict in sth 对某事/某物严格 My teacher is strict in teaching.be tired of doing sth 厌倦做某事 Im tired of playing football every day.be tired of sth 厌倦某物/某事 Some students are tired of study.take sth to sb/sw 把某物带去某处/给某人 Please take the books to him/the library.bring sth to sb/sw 把某物带来某处/给某人 Please bring the books to me.be afraid of doing sth 担心/害怕做某事 Im afraid of learning the piano.be afraid of sth 担心/害怕某物/某事 Im afraid of the dog.be afraid of sb 担心/害怕某人 Im afraid of him.take turns to do sth 轮流去做某事 We take turns to clean the classroom.have to do sth 不得不必须做某事 He has to wear a uniform.初一英语易错知识点归类例析初一英语易错知识点归类例析英语有很多很细小的知识点，而这些细小的知识点往往就是考点。同学们很容易由于注意不到而犯错误，下面就初一年级同学们比较容易犯错误的知识点做一个汇总。第一类第一类 名词类名词类1.这些女老师们在干什么？-4-七年级英语动词固定搭配-4-误 What are the woman teachers doing？正 What are the women teachers doing？析 在英语中，当一名词作定语修饰另一名词（单或复数形式）时，作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式；但当 man，woman 作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时，要用其复数形式 men，women.2.房间里有多少人？误 How many peoples are there in the room？正 How many people are there in the room？析 people 作“人、人们”解时，是个集合名词，其单复数同形。3.我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。误 I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.正 I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.析 表示不可数名词的数量时，常用“a/an 或数词+表量的可数名词+of+不可数名词”这一结构，其中当数词大于 1 时，表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。第二类第二类 动词类动词类4.你妹妹通常什么时候去上学？误 What time does your sister usually goes to school？正 What time does your sister usually go to school？析 借助助动词 do（或 does）构成疑问句或否定句时，句中的谓语动词用其原形。5.琳达晚上经常做作业，但今晚她在看电视。误 Linda often do her homework in the evening，but this evening she watching TV.正 Linda often does her homework in the evening，but this evening she is watching TV.析 在初一英语学习阶段，我们接触到了两种主要时态：一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常和 often，usually，sometimes 等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中，若主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，现在进行时由 be（am/is/are）+ving 形式构成。6 这双鞋是红色的。-5-七年级英语动词固定搭配-5-误 This pair of shoes are red.正 This pair of shoes is red.析 在 shoes，trousers，gloves，glasses 等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用 pair（表计量）修饰时，谓语动词的形式由 pair 的单复数形式来决定。第三类第三类 代词类代词类7.这张票是她的，不是我的。误 This is hers ticket.Its not my.正 This is her ticket.Its not mine.析 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词，而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。8.吴老师教我们英语。误 Miss Wu teaches our English.正 Miss Wu teaches us English.析 teach sb.sth.中的 sb.作 teach 的宾语，因此当 sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。第四类第四类 介词类介词类9.你能找到这个问题的答案吗？误 Can you find the answer of this question？正 Can you find the answer to this question？析 英语中用“the answer to”表示“的答案”。类似结构还有 the key to the door，the way to the zoo 等。10.格林先生星期六上午来这里。误 Mr Green will come here in Sunday evening.正 Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening.析 表示在上午、下午等时，介词要用 in；而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时，介词要用 on.11.那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。误 That little girl on a red skirt is our teachers daughter.-6-七年级英语动词固定搭配-6-正 That little girl in a red skirt is our teachers daughter.析 用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时，只能用 in，其他介词没有此用法。第五类第五类 副词类副词类12.莉莉，你为什么不回家呢？误 Lily，why dont you go to home？正 Lily，why dont you go home？析 come，go 等后接 here，there，home 等地点副词时，地点副词前不加 to。第六类第六类 连词类连词类13.我喜欢语文和英语，但我不喜欢体育和历史。误 I like Chinese and English，but I dont like P.E.and history.正 I like Chinese and English，but I dont like P.E.or history.析 在肯定句中并列成分之间用 and 来连接；而在否定句中，并列成分之间的连接需用 or。第七类第七类 冠词类冠词类14.乘飞机去北京花了史密斯一家人一个小时。误 It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.正 It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane.析 1表示“一家人”用结构“the+姓氏复数”；2our 一词的第一个字母不发音，它是以元音音素开头的，所以“一小时”要用 an hour；3用介词 by 表示“乘坐”某种交通工具时，交通工具名词前不加任何冠词。第八类第八类 句法类句法类15.你不是学生吗？不，我是学生。误 Arent you a student？No，I am.正 Arent you a student？Yes，I am.析 对否定疑问句的回答是用 Yes 还是用 No，这取决于实际情况：如果事实是肯定的，就用 Yes 表“不”；如果事实是否定的，就用 No 表“是的”。-7-七年级英语动词固定搭配-7-一.词汇 单词 1.介词：in,on,under,behind,near,at,of 1).in 表示在中，在内。例如：in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的书包里 in the desk 在桌子里 in the classroom 在教室里 2).on 表示在上。例如：on the wall 在墙上 on the desk 在桌子上 on the blackboard 在黑板上 3).under 表示在下。例如：under the tree 在树下 under the chair 在椅子下 under the bed 在床下 4).behind 表示在后面。例如：behind the door 在门后 behind the tree 在树后 5).near 表示在附近。例如：near the teachers desk 在讲桌附近 near the bed 在床附近 6).at 表示在处。例如：at school 在学校 at home 在家 at the door 在门口 7).of 表示的。例如：a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画 a map of China 一张中国地图 2.冠词 a/an/the:冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式，即 a 和 an。a 用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如 a book;an 用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如 an apple.-8-七年级英语动词固定搭配-8-a 或 an 与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。This is a cat.这是一只猫。Its an English book.这是一本英语书。His father is a worker.他的爸爸是个工人。the 既可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。Whos the boy in the hat?戴帽子的男孩是谁呀？-What can you see in the classroom?-I can see a bag.-Wheres the bag?-Its on the desk.-你能在教室里看到什么呀？-我能看见一个书包。-书包在哪呀？-在桌子上。3.some 和 any 在肯定句中用 some.例如：There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。Lucy has some good books 露西有一些好书。在疑问句和否定句中用 any。例如：Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗？Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗？There isnt any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。记住它们的特殊用法。some 亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中，这一点我们不久就会学到。例如：Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗？any 也可用于肯定句中，表示任何的。例如：Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。some 和 any 的用法是经常出现的考点，希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。-9-七年级英语动词固定搭配-9-4.family family 看作为一个整体时，意思是家庭，后面的谓语动词 be 用单数形式 is；如把 family 看作为家庭成员时，应理解为复数，后面的谓语动词 be 应用 are。My family is a big family.我的家庭是个大家庭。My family are all at home now.我的家人现在都在家。Family 强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home 指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。house 指家、房屋，侧重居住的建筑本身。His family are all workers.他的家人都是工人。My home is in Beijing.我的家在北京。He isnt at home now.他现在不在家。Its a picture of my family.这是一张我全家的照片。5.little 的用法 a little dog 一只小狗，a little boy 一个小男孩。little 常用来修饰有生命的名词。*但 little 还可表示否定意义，意为少的，加不可数名词。There is little time.几乎没时间了。There is little water in the cup.杯中水很少。词组 on the desk 在桌子上 behind the chair 在椅子后 under the chair 在椅子下面 in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中 near the door 在门附近 a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片 look at the picture 看这张图片 the teachers desk 讲桌 a map of China 一张中国地图 family tree 家谱 have a seat 坐下，就坐 this way 这边走 二.日常用语 1.Come and meet my family.2.Go and see.I think its Li Lei.3.Glad to meet you.4.What can you see in the picture?I can see a clock/some books.-10-七年级英语动词固定搭配-10-5.Can you see an orange?Yes,I can./No,I cant.6.Wheres Shenzhen?Its near Hong Kong.7.Let me see.（口语）让我想想看。see 在这是明白、懂了，不可译作看见。例如：8.Please have a seat.seat 表示座位，是个名词。have a seat 表示就坐，也可以说 take a seat,和 sit down 的意思相同。三.语法 1.名词所有格 名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为的。一般有以下几种形式：（1）.一般情况下在词尾加s。例如：Kates father Kate 的爸爸 my mothers friend 我妈妈的朋友（2）.如果复数名词以 s 结尾，只加。例如：Teachers Day 教师节 The boys game 男孩们的游戏（3）.如果复数名词不以 s 结尾，仍加s。例如：Childrens Day 儿童节 Womens Day 妇女节（4）.表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如：Lucy and Lilys room Lucy 和 Lily 的房间 Kate and Jims father Kate 和 Jim 的爸爸 动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加s，而常常用介词 of 的短语来表示。a map of China 一幅中国地图 the name of her cat 她的猫的名字 a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片 the door of the bedroom 卧室的门 2.祈使句-11-七年级英语动词固定搭配-11-祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加 please。在句尾时，please 前多用逗号。（1）.祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。Go and see.去看看。Come in,please.请进。（2）.祈使句的否定形式常用 dont 于句首。Dont look at your books.不要看书。Dont play on the road.不要在马路上玩。3.There be 的句子结构 There be 是一个存在句型，表示有的意思，肯定句的形式为：There be+名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。be 动词单复数的确定，看 be 后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be 动词形式为 is；当所接主语为复数名词时，be 动词为 are；当 be 动词后接两个以上主语时，be 动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为某地有某人或某物。如：There is an eraser and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。There are two pens and an eraser on the desk.桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。（1）there be 的否定句，即在 be 的后面加上 not。否定形式为：There be+not+(any)+名词+地点状语。There is not any cat in the room.房间里没猫。There arent any books on the desk.桌子上没书。（2）there be 句型的疑问句就是将 be 提到句首：Be there+(any)+名词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes,there is/are.否定回答：No,there isnt/arent.-Is there a dog in the picture?画上有一只狗吗？-Yes,there is.有。-Are there any boats in the river?河里有船吗？-No,there arent.没有。（3）特殊疑问句：How many.are there(+地点状语)？某地有多少人或物？回答用 There be.Theres one./There are two/three/some.有时直接就用数字来回答。One./Two.-How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少学生？-Theres only one./There are nine.只有一个。/有九个。（4）如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much+不可数名词+is there+地点状语？How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水？How much food is there in the bowl?碗里有多少食物？