小学英语语法专题.doc

小 学 英 语 语 法 与 训 练

一、 动词:
①动词+s的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, play-plays look-looks
2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
②动词加ing的变化规则（现在进行时）
1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking watch-watching…
2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting
3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping
③动词过去式变化规则：
1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked climb-climbed
2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted
3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied
附：不规则动词过去式
am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat……

④否定句
在助动词be（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。 例如：I’m going to
have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加 doesn’t，一般疑问句在句首加does，句子中原有动词用原形。例如：He likes fishing → He doesn’t like fishing。
主语为非第三人称单数，否定句用 don’t。一般疑问句在句首加do，句子中动词用原形。
例如：You go to school on foot → Do you go to school on foot?
⑤动词的时态
如：visit（动词原形），visits(第三人称单数)，visiting(现在分词)，visited（一般过去时）
eg: 1.I am going to visit my aunt this morning.(一般将来时)
2.He visits his grandparents with his father every week.(一般现在时)
3.Are you visiting our teacher now?(现在进行时)
4.She visited her Uncle yesterday.(一般过去时)

二、一般疑问句与特殊疑问句
㈠一般疑问句：
① 由Be动词引导。Be动词提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。
如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.

② 由Do/Does引导。如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。
如：Does she go(原形)to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
㈡特殊疑问句：
特殊疑问词：how(怎样，询问方式)， what（什么）， when（什么时候，询问时间）， where（哪里，询问地点）， how many（多少，询问可数名词数量）， how much（多少，询问不可数名词数量）， which（哪一个，含选择意义）
如：How does your father usually go to work? ---He usually go to work by bus.
What day is it today?—It is Sunday.
When are you going to take a trip?—I am going to take a trip tomorrow.
When is your birthday?---It is May 5th.
Where are you going?---I am going to ShangHai.
What is Mike going to do?---He is going to play basketball.
What are you doing now?---I am watching TV.
Where is your home? ---My home is next to the bookstore.
How many apples do you have?—I have a lot of apples.
How much is the book?—It is five yuan.
Which bike do you like better?---I like the yellow bike better.
What time is it now?----It is 3 o'clock
What is the weather like today?----It is sunny .
What is the date today?---It is March 15th.
What is your hobby?---I like fishing,riding a bike and watching TV.
What does your mother do?---She is a TV reporter?
Where are you from?---I am from England.
Which season do you like best?---Spring.

三、形容词和副词的比较级
1、两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。
2．形容词加er的规则：⑴一般在词尾加er ； ⑵以字母e 结尾，加r ；⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ； ⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。
3．不规则形容词比较级： good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
4．副词的比较级： (不规则变化：well-better, far-farther)

练习：
⑴、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级
  old__________   young________    tall_______    long________   
  short________    strong________    big________    small_______
  fat_________    thin__________    heavy______   light________
  nice_________   good_________  beautiful__________________
  low__________   high_________    slow_______    fast________
  late_________   early_________   far_________    well_______
⑵、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：
1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.
2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim.
3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.
4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.
5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is.
6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s.
7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.
8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____.
9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls.
10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she)..

四、第三人称单数（由第三人称he, she, it引导的一般现在时。）
He ______ ( like ) collecting stamps. It ______（look） like a cat.
She _______ ( get ) up at 6:00 o’clock. She ______(have)lunch at twelve.
It _____ ( take ) me an hour to do my homework. Uncle Wang often ______(make) kites.

五、小学词汇：
①星期(Week)
Sunday（星期日） Monday（星期一） Tuesday （星期二） Wednesday （星期三）
Thursday（星期四） Friday（星期五） Saturday（星期六）

②月份(Month)
January（一月） February（二月） March（三月） April（四月） May（五月） June（六月）
July（七月） August（八月） September（九月） October（十月） November（十一月）
December（十二月）

③季节(Season)
Spring（春季） Summer（夏季） Fall（秋季） Winter（冬季）

④数字(Number)与序数词
One一 Two二 Three三 Four四 Five五 Six六 Seven七 Eight八 Nine九 Ten十
Eleven十一 Twelve十二

First第一，首先 Second第二 Third第三 Fourth第四 Fifth第五

六、专题训练：
⑴、用所给名词的适当形式填空。
　　1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?
　　2. There is some________(food) in the basket.
　　3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
　　4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.
　　5. There are five________(people ) in his family.
　　6. Let's take________(photo), OK?
　　7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.
　　8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
　　9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.
　　10.Their________(dictionary) look new.

⑵、一般过去时写出下列动词的过去式
is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________
⑶、句型转换
1. It was exciting.
   否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
2. All the students were very excited.
   否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
3. They were in his pocket.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：___________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
4．The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
5．I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)
________________________________________________________
6．Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)
_______________________________________________________
⑷、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play____ run_____ swim _____ make____ go______ like____ write____ ski_____ read_____ have_____ sing ___ dance____ put______ see_____ buy ______ love_____ take____ come ____ get_____ stop_______ sit _____ begin_____ shop________

⑸、写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ______ go _____ stay _____ make ___look ____ have___ pass____ carry ____ come_______ watch_____ plant_______ fly ________study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______

⑹、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes? Yes ,she is .

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