Bill of exchange.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chapter 5 Bill of Exchange,Contents:,the definition of bill of exchange,the essentials of bill of exchange,parties and acts,Language Points,：,draft/bill of exchange,汇票,drawer,出票人,drawee,受票人,/payer,付款人,payee,收款人,bearer,持票人,honour,付款,dishonor,拒付,bankers draft,银行汇票,commercial draft,商业汇票,documentary draft,跟单汇票,clean draft,光票,sight draft,即期汇票,time draft/term draft/,usance,bill,远期汇票,negotiable instrument,流通工具,5.1 Bill of Exchange,1,、,Definition,According to the Bills of Exchange Act,a bill of exchange is“,an unconditional order in writing,addressed by,one party(drawer),to,another(,drawee,),signed by the person giving it,requiring the party to whom it is addressed to pay,on demand,or,at a fixed,or,determinable future time,a sum certain in money,to or to,the order of a specified person or to bearer.”,一人向另一人签发的，要求他在即期或定期或可以确定的将来时间向某人或某指定人或执票来人，无条件支付一定金额的书面命令。,汇票式样及要项,5.2 The Essentials of a Bill,the word“exchange”,To distinguish a bill from other kinds of credit instruments such as promissory notes or,cheques,.For example:“Exchange for US$100,000.00.”,unconditional order to pay,1.The bill must be an order which requires the payment instruction be expressed in an imperative sentence.,Pay to A Company or order the sum of five thousand pounds only.,有效汇票,I should be pleased if you,pay to the order of B Company the sum of five thousand pounds only.,无效汇票,continued-,The components of a bill,2.The instrument must be made unconditional at the time of drawing.,Pay to ABC Company or order the sum of five thousand pounds only providing the goods supplied in compliance with contract,无效汇票,Pay to ABC Company or order the sum of five thousand pounds from our account No.1 with you,无效汇票,3.The bill must be in writing.,Addressed by one person to another,a drawer+a,drawee,(in full name),“The bill is drawn by us on ourselves payable to them”,T,enor (PP.57-8),There are two kinds of tenor:,payment at sight and payment in time.,If it is the former,“At Sight”is to be printed.,If it is the later,to print“At xxx days after sight”,“,At xxx days after date of draft,”,or,“,At xxx days after date of B/L or on stipulated date,”,.,complemented,见票后若干天,(,月,),付款（,bills payable at,days/months after sight,）,出票后若干天（月）付款（,bills payable at,days/months after date,）,预定日期后若干天（月）付款（,bills payable at,days/months after stated date,）,板期付款,(bills payable on a fixed future date),延期付款,(bills payable at,days/months after shipment/the date of B/L),到期日的计算,:,对于见票后或出票后某一日期付款的汇票采取“算尾不算头”的方法，也就是说不包括见票日或出票日，但必须包括付款日。,星期六、星期日及法定的节假日均被解释为非营业日。,汇票规定出票日或见票日一个月或数个月付款时，其到期日是在应该付款的那个月的相应日期，避免了一个月是,30,或,31,天的计算。,The components of a bill,Payee,Usually three kinds of writings:,a.restrictive order,Make,out,“,pay,xxx company only,”,.This kind of bill can not be negotiable.,b.demonstrative order,Make out“pay xxx company s order”or“pay to the order of xxx company”.This kind of bill can be,negotiable with endorsement,（一）“付一不付二”与“付二不付一”,出口商通过银行向进口商收款时开出的是一式二份的成套汇票（,a set of bill,）。,两张汇票内容完全相同，且具有同等的法律效力。,两张汇票分不同航班邮寄，先到的那张起作用，后到的就自动失效。,在第一张上印有“同样金额期限的第二张不付款”,pay this first bill of exchange,（,second of the same tenor and dated being unpaid,）,，第二张印有“同样金额、期限的第一张不付款”。即付一不付二或付二不付一。,（二）需要时的受托处理人（,referee in case of need,）,出口商在进口商所在地的代理人,;,在其名称旁边记载,如,:,TO,：,DEF,CO.,(address,),In case of need refer to B Co.,(address),The components of a bill,A sum Certain in Money,Fill in capital words and currency.,It should be in accordance with that stated in the contract,otherwise the bank will refuses to pay.,SAY U.S.Dollars SEVEN THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED ONLY,SAY POUND STERLING THREE THOUSAND SIX HUNDREND ONLY,SAY JAPANESE YEN FOUR THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED AND TWENTY ONLY.,The components of a bill,presentation,It is made out as:“Drawn under xxx Bank L/C NO.xxx dated xxx”if the term of payment is L/C.,“For collection”is printed on collection basis.,The components of a bill,payer or,drawee,It is usually the issuing bank,(,付款人先是接受命令的人，也叫受票人（,drawee,）。受票人只有对汇票作出承兑或付款，才成为承兑人或付款人。,),受票人在汇票上通常就表述为“,To,（,drawee,）”,drawer,The drawer is the principal on collection terms,while it is the beneficiary on L/C terms.,The Drawer should keep in accordance with the stipulation of L/C completely.,The draft is null and void without signature and seal of the drawer.,For example:,For ABC Co.,John Smith,General Manager,（一）基本当事人,1,出票人（,drawer,）,在汇票被承兑前，出票人是汇票的主债务人；在汇票被承兑后，承兑人成为主债务人，出票人是汇票的从债务人。,5.3 Parties and Acts,2,受票人（,drawee,）,按汇票上记载接受别人的汇票且要对汇票付款的人，他不是必然的汇票债务人，并不必然承担付款责任。,3,收款人（,payee,）,收款人是收取票款之人，即汇票的受益人，也是第一持票人（,holder,），是汇票的主债权人，可向付款人或出票人索取款项。,（二）其他当事人,1,背书人（,endorser,）。背书人是收款人或持票人在汇票背面签字，并将汇票交付给另一人，表明将汇票上的权利转让的人。,2,被背书人（,endorsee,）。即接受背书的人。他是汇票的债权人。例如,:,A,（出票人）（收款人）（第一受让人）,D,（持票人）,（第一背书人）（第一被背书人）（第二受让人）,（第二背书人）（第二被背书人）,还有,:(pp.64-6),承兑人,参加承兑人,保证人,持票人,付,(,过,),对价持票人,正当持票人,（一）出票,(issue),1,出票的含义,（,1,）制成汇票并签字（,to draw a draft and to sign it,）；,（,2,）将制成的汇票交付给收款人（,to deliver the draft to payee,）,2,出票的影响,确立了汇票承兑前出票人是主债务人的地位和收款人的债权人地位,Acts,（二）背书（,endorsement,）,1,背书的含义,指持票人在票据背面签字，以表明转让票据权利的意图，并交付给被背书人的行为。,指示性抬头的票据交付转让前必须完成的行为。,2,背书的种类,（,1,）特别背书（,special endorsement,），又称为记名背书或正式背书,（,2,）空白背书（,blank endorsement,），又称不记名背书,（,3,）限制性背书（,restrictive endorsement,）,（,4,）有条件的背书,(conditional endorsement),（,5,）托收背书（,endorsement for collection,）,3,背书的法律效力,（,1,）明确了前后手的关系,（,2,）明确了背书人的责任,（,3,）确立了被背书人的债权人地位,（三）提示（,presentation,）,1,提示的含义。提示是指持票人将汇票提交给付款人，要求付款人按汇票指示履行承兑或付款义务的行为。,2,提示的形式。提示的形式有提示承兑和提示付款两种类型,3,提示的法律要求。根据票据法的规定，提示汇票应在汇票规定的时限内和规定的付款地点进行,（四）承兑（,acceptance,）,1,承兑的含义,承兑是指远期汇票的受票人在票面上签字以表示同意按出票人的指示到期付款的行为,2,承兑的影响,在汇票承兑后，承兑人是该票据的主债务人,3,承兑的种类,（,1,）普通承兑（,general acceptance,）,（,2,）保留承兑（,qualified acceptance,）又称限制承兑,（五）付款（,payment,）,付款是指即期票据或到期的远期票据的持票人向付款人提示票据时，付款人支付票款以消除票据关系的行为。付款人必须按正常程序付款,(payment in due course),以后，才能免除其付款责任。所谓正常程序付款指：,由付款人或承兑人支付，而非出票人或背书人支付，否则汇票上的债权债务不能视为最后清偿。,要在到期日那一天或以后付款，不能超前；,要付款给持票人，前手背书须真实和连续；,善意付款，不知道持票人的权利有何缺陷。,（六）退票（,dishonor,）,持票人提示汇票要求承兑时，遭到拒绝承兑或持票人提示汇票要求付款时，遭到拒绝付款，均称为退票，也称拒付。,某些有条件承兑、拒绝付款、拒绝承兑、付款人死亡、破产、失去支付能力、避而不见等都要退票。,持票人在遭遇退票时，可以把被付款人拒付的情况通知前手，做成退票通知；还可以通过公证机构做成拒绝证书。,退票通知,(notice of dishonor),。做成退票通知的目的是让汇票的债务人及早了解拒付事实，以便做好被追索的准备。发出退票通知的方法,拒绝证书（,protest,）是由拒付地点的法定公证人做出的证明拒付事实的法律文件。,（七）追索（,recourse,）,追索指汇票遭拒付时，持票人要求其前手背书人或出票人或其他票据债务人偿还汇票金额及费用的行为。,持票人所拥有的这种权利就是追索权（,right of recourse,）。,追索权和付款请求权共同构成了汇票的基本权利。,持票人要行使追索权，须具备三个条件：,必须在法定期限内向受票人提示,;,必须在法定期限内做成退票通知,;,外国汇票遭退票必须在法定期限内做成拒绝证书。,（八）保证（,guarantee/,aval,）,保证是非票据的债务人对于出票、背书、承兑、参加承兑等行为所发生的债务予以保证的附属票据行为。,汇票的出票人、背书人、承兑人、参加承兑人都可以作为被保证人。,由第三者（如大银行、金融担保公司等）担当保证人对其保证，即在票面上加具“,Guarantee”,字样，这张汇票信誉提高了，能够更好地流通。,保证人与被保证人负相同的责任。,六、汇票的种类,按照出票人的不同，汇票可分为银行汇票和商业汇票,按照承兑人的不同，汇票可分为银行承兑汇票和商业承兑汇票,按照付款时间的不同，汇票可分为即期汇票和远期汇票,按照是否附有货运单据，汇票可分为光票和跟单汇票,5.4 Classification,按照流通领域的不同，汇票可分为国内汇票和国际汇票,按照票面标值货币的不同，汇票可分为本币汇票和外币汇票,按照承兑地点和付款地点是否相同，汇票可分为直接汇票和间接汇票,按照收款人的不同，汇票可分为来人汇票和记名汇票,按照同一份汇票张数的不同，可分为单式汇票和多式汇票,From different aspects,bill of exchange may be classified into the following kinds:,a.,Sight bill and time bill,If the draft is payable at sight on presentation,it is a sight or demand bill.,If the,drawee,is required to pay the bill at a later time,it is a time or,usance,bill.,b.,Clean bill and documentary bill,A bill of exchange,which accompanies with shipping documents is called documentary bill,whereas is called clean bill.,c.,Commercial bill and bankers bill,It is commercial bill when the drawer is a commercial firm.,When the drawer is a bank,it is a bankers bill.,