英语常用考研词汇.doc

1、经济贸易类
1.改革产业结构 reform the structure of industries
　　2. 亏损企业 loss-making enterprises
　　3. 搞活企业 enliven enterprises
　　4. 加快现代化步伐 quicken the modernization drive
　　5. 跨国公司 transnational corporation / multinational corporation
　　6. 乡镇企业 township enterprises
　　7. 国有企业 state-owned enterprises
　　8. 合资企业 joint ventures
　　9. 解放生产力 emancipate/ liberate productivity
　　10.振兴国家经济 invigorate our state economy
　　11.实行股份制 introduce the shareholding system
　　12.全面深化改革 deepen reform all round
　　13.提高经济效益 improve economic results
　　14.增进效益 increase economic returns
　　15.宏观经济调控 macro-economic control and management
　　16. 经济实力 economic strength
　　17. 经济转轨 economic transformation
　　18. 经营机制 operative mechanism
　　19. 整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order
　　20. 引进竞争机制 introduce a competitive mechanism
　　21. 建立技术密集型企业 set up technologically-intensive enterprises
　　22. 招商引资 canvass business and introduce investment
　　23. 房地产 real estate
　　24. 经济特区 special economic zone
　　25. 基础设施 infrastructure facilities
　　26. 豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects
　　27. 投资热点 investment hot spot
　　28. 外向型经济 export-oriented economy
　　29. 按劳分配 distribute according to the work performance
　　30. 打破平均主义 break / abandon equalitarian
　　31. 沿海开放城市 open coastal cities
　　32. 保税区 bonded zone/ area
　　33. 金融改革 banking system
　　34. 国民生产总值 Gross National Product
　　35. 扶贫项目 anti-poverty project
　　36. 下海经商 plunge into the private business
　　37. 协调发展 coordinate the development
　　38. 住房改革 housing reform
　　39. 社会保障体系 social security system
　　40. 数字时代 digital times
　　41. 信息高速公路 the information superhighway
　　42. 虚拟社区 virtual communities
　　43. “菜蓝子”工程 the “shopping-basket” project ( the non-staple food project)
　　44. 拳头产品 knock-out products/ competitive products
　　45. 市场萧条 slack market
　　46. 中国质量万里行 China’s Long March to Quality campaign
　　47. 冒牌产品 fake brand-name products
　　48. 假冒伪劣商品 fake and poor quality commodities
　　49. 谋取暴力 reap colossal profits
　　50. 提出索赔 lodge a claim
　　51. 投诉 lodge complaint
　　52. 贸易争端 trade disputes
　　53. 乱收费 random charges
　　54. 市场疲软 sluggish market
　　55 .贸易顺差 favorable trade balance
　　56. 贸易逆差 unfavorable trade balance
　　57. 实行优惠政策 launch a preferential policy
　　58. 繁荣市场 flourish the market
　　59. 加入世贸组织 accession to the WTO/ entry into the WTO
　　60. 最惠国待遇 Most-Favored-Nation treatment
　　61. 消费者协会 consumer’s association
　　62. 消费者购买力 consumer purchasing power
　　63. 新兴市场 emerging market
　　64. 抑制消费 control / inhibit consumption
　　65. 无形资产 intangible assets
　　66. 有形资产 tangible assets
　　67. 市场占有率 market share
　　68. 严重违约 grave breach of contract
　　69. 泡沫经济 bubble economy
　　70. 品牌效应 brand effect
　　71. 企业重组 reshuffle of enterprises
　　72. 贸易壁垒 trade barrier
　　73. 人才流失 brain drain
　　74. 清理“三角债” break up the debt chain
　　75. 企业文化 corporate culture
　　76. 商业炒作 commercial speculation
　　77. 扩大内需，刺激消费 expand domestic demand and consumption
　　78. 拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth
　　79. 连锁反应 chain reaction / domino effect
　　80. 竞争优势 competitive edge
　　81. 经济结构调整 economic restructuring
　　82. 经济增长点 economic growth point ; growth engine
　　83. 经济过热 overheated economy
　　84. 经济滑坡 economic downturn
　　85. 集约化经营 intensive management
　　86. 灰色收入 gray income
　　87. 福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distribution system
　　88. 分期付款 installment payment
　　89. 从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy
　　90. 按揭购房 buy a house on a mortgage ; mortgage a house
　　91. 边际效益 marginal benefit
　　92. 不良贷款 non-performing loan
　　93. 裁减冗员 lay off redundant staff; cut down on overstaffing
　　94. 产品更新换代 upgrade of products
　　95. 创业园 high-tech business incubator; pioneer park
　　96. 促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy
　　97. 家庭联产承包责任制 household contract responsibility system
　　98. 人才战 competition for talented people
　　99. 脱贫致富 shake/cast off poverty and set out a road to prosperity
　　100. 资源优化配置 optimizing the allocation of resources
2、政治类
101. 不正之风 bad / harmful practice
102. 霸权主义 hegemonism
103. 奔小康 strive for a better-off life
104. 论资排辈 assign priority according to seniority
105. 持续发展 sustainable development
106. 重复建设 redundant project
107. 大锅饭 egalitarian practice ( of everyone taking food from the same big pot)
108. 多极化 multi-polarization
109. 科学技术是第一生产力 Science and technology are the primary productive force.
110. 机构臃肿 overstaffing in organization
111. 机构改革 institutional restructuring; streamlining
112. 反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government
113. 窗口行业 service trade
114. 核心竞争力 core competitiveness
115. 减员增效 downsizing of staff and improving efficiency
116. 减轻农民负担 reduce farmer’s burdens; lighten the burden on them
117. 跨越式发展 great-leap-forward development
118. 跨世纪发展 trans-century project
119. 民主集中制 democratic centralism
120. 讲诚信﹑反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating
121. 强权外交 power diplomacy
122. 人浮于事 overstaffing
123. 侵吞公款 embezzle public funds
124. 群带关系 networking through petticoat influence
125. 求同存异 seek common ground on major issues while shelving differences on minor ones
126. 滥用权力 abuse one’s power; misuse one’s authority
127. 廉政建设 build a clean and honest government
128. 三步走战略 the three-step development strategy
129. 三讲教育three emphases education—emphasize theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct
130. 三峡工程 Three gorges project
131. 贪污腐化 corruption and degeneration
132. 思想僵硬 fossilized concept
133. 西部开发 the development of China’s west
134. 发展是硬道理 Development is an invariable truth
135. 坚持四项基本原则 uphold the four cardinal principles
136. 地方保护主义 regional protectionism
137. 拜金主义 money worship
138. 行贿受贿 give and take bribery
139. 走后门 get in by the back door / enter by the back door
140. 和平演变 peaceful evolution
141. 贪脏枉法 take bribes and bend the law
142. 以权谋私 abusing power for money
143. 拉关系 try to establish a relationship with sb.
144. 权钱交易 trading power for money
145. 扫黄运动 anti-pornography campaign
146. 公款吃喝 enjoy banquet on public funds
147. “一国两制”的原则 the principle of “one country, two systems:”
148. 两大主题 two principle themes
149. 坚持一个中国立场 stick to one-China position
150. 全国人民代表大会 National People’s Congress
151. 与国际接轨 synchronize with the world; accord with international norms
152. 社会主义物质文明 socialist material wellbeing
153. 社会主义精神文明 socialist culture and ideology
154. 实现中华民族伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation
155. 歪风邪气 unhealthy practices and evil phenomena
156. 温暖工程 adequate food and clothing program
157. 知识产权 intellectual property right
158. 综合国力 comprehensive national strength
159. 最低生活保障制度 systems for ensuring a minimum standard of living
160. 政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management
161. 与时俱进 keep pace with the times
162. 闲置人员 idle hand
163. 养老保险 endowment insurance
164. 以经济建设为中心 focus on the central task of economic construction
165. 下岗职工基本生活费 subsistence allowance for laid-off workers
166. 世界观﹑人生观﹑价值观 world outlook, outlook on life and values
167. 实事求是 seek truth from facts
168. 试点工程 pilot project
169. 政府廉洁高效 clean and efficient government
170. 战略伙伴关系 strategic partnership
3、教育与科学技术类
171. 科技含量 technology content
172. 科教兴国 rely on science, technology and education to rejuvenate the nation
173. 可持续发展战略 strategy of sustainable development
174. 工业园区 industrial park
175. 技术密集型产品 technology-intensive product
176. 新兴学科 new branch of science
177. 边缘学科 frontier science
178. 高速宽带互联网 high-speed broadband networks
179. 电脑病毒 computer viruses
180. 电子商务 e-commerce; e-business
181. 黑客 hacker
182. 数字地球 digital globe
183. 局域网 local area network
184. 人工智能 artificial intelligence
185. 网上冲浪 web-surfing
186. 网络世界 cyber world
187. 网上犯罪 cyber crime
188. 信息高速公路 information highland
189. 网民 netizen
190. 虚拟现实 virtual reality
191. 克隆 cloning
192. 基因工程 genetic engineering
193. 转基因食品 genetically modified food
194. “神舟六号”载人飞船 manned spacecraft Shenzhou VI
195. 掌上电脑 palm computer
196. 主页 home page
197. 语音信箱 voice mail
198. 网络经济 cyber-economy
199. 网虫 netter; Internet geek
200. 网恋 cyber romance; virtual romance
201. 高精尖技术 high-grade, high-precision, advanced technology
202. 科技扶贫 support poor areas using technology
203. 科研攻关 work towards key technological breakthroughs
204. 自费研究生 self-supporting graduate student
205. 委托培养 consign the training of personnel to a certain school
206. 填鸭式教学 cramming method of teaching
207. 启发式教学 heuristic education
208. 复合型人才 interdisciplinary talent
209. 论文答辩 thesis oral defense
210. 素质教育 quality-oriented education
211. 教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people
212. 九年制义务教务教育 nine-year compulsory education
213. 德智体美劳全面发展
all around development of moral, intellectual,physical,aesthetics and labor education
214. 知识产权 intellectual property
215. 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude
216. 硕博连读 a continuous academic program that involves postgraduate and doctoral study
217. 双学位 double degree
218. 双向选择 two-way selection
219. 人才流失 brain drain
220. 陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste and temperament
221. 学生减负 alleviate the burden on students
222. 学术交流 academic exchanges
223. 学科带头人 pace-setter in scientific research
224. 德才兼备 have both political integrity and ability
225. 攻读硕士学位 study for a doctoral degree
226. 文科生 students of liberal arts
227. 理科生 students of science
228. 爱国主义教育 education in patriotism
229. 择优录取 enroll the excellent students
230. 毕业论文 graduation thesis
231. 毕业设计 graduation project
232. 义务教育 compulsory education
233. 高等教育 higher education
234. 选修课程 optional courses
235. 主修课程 major courses
236. 重点学科 key disciplinary areas
237. 德智体全面发展的学生students who are well developed morally, intellectually and physically
238. 教育部 Ministry of Education
239. 博士生导师 doctoral supervisors
240. 世界观﹑人生观﹑价值观 word outlook, outlook on life and values
4、文化社会生活类
241. 彩票 lottery ticket
242. 保健食品 health-care food
243. 暴发户 new rich; upstart
244. 民工潮 farmer’s frenzied hunt for work in cities
245. 下岗工人 laid-off workers
246. 人口老龄化 aging/ graying population
247. 人口高峰 baby boom
248. 人口负增长 negative population growth
249. 流动人口 moving population
250. 收视率 viewing rate
251. 售后服务 after-sale service
252. 再就业工程 re-employment project
253. 自由职业者 free lancer

254. 性别歧视 sexual discrimination
255. 性价比 cost performance
256. 水货 smuggled goods
257. 水土流失 soil erosion
258. 文化渗透 cultural infiltration
259. 跳槽 job-hopping
260. 抢购 panic buying
262. 公益广告 public-interest advertisement
263. 让利 offer discounts
264. 出国热 craze for going abroad
265. 社会福利制度 the social welfare system
266. 享受公费医疗 enjoy public health care
267. 世界卫生组织 World Health Organization (WHO)
268. 黄昏恋 twilight love
269. 贺岁片 New Year film
270. 记者招待会 press/ news conference
271. 卖淫嫖娼 prostitute oneself and visit prostitutes
272. 制造假钞 make the false notes
273. 吸毒者 a drug addict
274. 出售黄色录像 sell obscene video tapes
275.传销 pyramid-selling; multi-level marketing