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数词——中考英语语法专项复习
中考英语语法专项复习——数词
语法讲解:
1、分类:数词有基数词和序数词两种。
2、基数词和序数词:基数词表示数目。序数词表示顺序。
一、基数词的构成
1.具体数目:one hundred scientists two thousand astronauts two million planes
2.大概数目:hundreds of scientists thousands of astronauts millions of planes
3.1000以上的数字,从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“,”第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。英语中无“万”这个词,我们可以用“几十个千(thousand)”表示几万,“几百个千(thousand)”表示“几十万”。如: 274,350=two hundred and seventy-four thousand ,three hundred and fifty。
二、序数词的构成
英语的序数词基本变法:
(1)在基数词后加th, (2)-ve结尾的改为-fth, (3)-ty结尾的改为-tieth, (4)熟记特殊词。
口诀: 1,2,3特殊记,加th从4起, 8少t,9去e,千万别忘记
(first, second, third, fourth…) (eighth, ninth)
逢5逢12,ve变f (fifth, twelfth)
20到90,y要变ie (twentieth, ninetieth)
若是几十几,前基后序别倒位 (ninety-first)
三、数词的应用
1.时刻的表示:小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。
①“几点钟”用基数词加o'clock。o'clock可省略。
②“几点过几分 ”,≤30分钟”用介词past。如:;7:15—a quarter past seven;
③“差几分几点”用介词“to”。如: 7:45—a quarter to eight。
④日常生活中的时间读法常常简化,直接按基数词的顺序读。如:7:05—seven o five.
2.年月日的表示:年用基数词,日用序数词。如:1998年6月8日 写作:June 8,1998;读作:June the eighth, nineteen ninety-eight或the eighth of June, nineteen ninety-eight。
3. 世纪、年代表示法: (在)20世纪90年代 (in)____________
4.编号的表示:
① Lesson One =the first lesson第一课;
② Bus No.3=the No.3 bus 3路公共汽车;Bus No.13→Bus Number Thirteen
③ 表示住所时不用“No.”如:Room 105→Room one 0 five;
④ 如果编号的数词比较长,一般用基数词。如:Page 457第457页;P.5→Page Five;
⑤ 电话号码,用基数词, 如:3855633—three eight five five(double five)six three three
5. 分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于“1”,分母则加“s”。如:
1/3 ---one third,2/3----- two thirds;
另外:1/2---- a(one)half; 1/4----one fourth或a(one)quarter; 3/4----___________或__________。
.用法:Three-eighths of the earth _____________ (pollute) by humans.
Four fifths of the space shuttles_____________ (make) in the USA.
Half of the work ___________(do) so far, so half the students ________ (be) free now.
80% of these cases ___________ (cure) or prevented last year.
6.表示“半个,几个半”,如:
half an hour,
one/an hour and a half=_____________, two hours and a half=_______________
7. 表示有小数的词用基数词。 5.5 ---- five point five
8.表示百分数:5℅---five percent (per cent), 0.8℅ ----zero point eight percent (per cent).
9.其他用法:1)基数词+单数名词+形容词构成合成形容词。如:
一个五岁的男孩a five-year-old boy;一座800米长的桥an 800-metre-long bridge;
2)具体数词+metre(s)/kilometre(s)/kilo(s)+ long / high /tall /deep /away等。如:我家离学校大约有850米远。
My house is eight hundred and fifty meters away from the school.(有具体数字不用far)
3) 表示"几十岁",eg. 在他三十几岁时 ______________
补充练习:
( ) 1.Now,everyone,please turn to Page________and look at________picture.
A.Twelve;the fifth B.Twelfth;the fifth
C.Twelve;five D.Twelfth;five
( ) 2.一Which number is the biggest of the four? —________.
A.One third B.Two thirds C.A half D.A quarter
( ) 3.In order to find________better job, she planned to learn ____ second language.
A.the;a B.the;/ C.a;the D.a;a
( ) 4.About________of the earth________ covered with water,but we have less fresh water.
A.three quarter;is B.three quarters;is
C.three quarter;are D.three quarters;are
( ) 5.—How long is the bridge ?—It’s________.
A.300-meter-long B.300-meters 1ong
C.300 meters long D.300 meter long
( ) 6.The number of the students in our grade_____about_____,and ____ of them are girls.
A.are;six hundreds;two-thirds B.is;six hundred;two-third
C.is;six hundred;two thirds D.are;six hundreds;two third
( ) 7.一Ang Lee,a Chinese director,won the Best Director again in his________.
一How great he is! It is his________time to win an Oscar.
A.fifty;twice B.fiftieth;second C.fifties;second D.fifties;two
( ) 8.________girls took part in the Happy Girl Competition but only a few of them succeeded
A.Million of B.Many million of C.One million of D.Millions of
( ) 9.We have stayed at this school for________.
A.Two years and half B.Two and half a years
C.Two years and a half D.Two and a half year
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