初中英语代词讲解及练习题.doc

课 题
代词复习
教学内容

代词的分类
英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、
关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。
一、关系代词：用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词。
1、关系代词who 、which、 that 、whom 等,将定语从句和主句连接起来。
英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担任一定的成分,另一方面又起连接作用。
The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One.
(正在画画的学生是一年级的)
2、关系代词who / whom指人,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。
Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat? (你认识那个戴着红帽子的男人吗？)
二、连接代词
用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。
英语中连接代词主要有：what(什么),who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪个),whose(谁的)。
三、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。
单数
含义
some
any
no
none
/
/
each
(every)
one
either,
neither
so
the other,
another
复合不
定代词
不可数
含义
much
little,
a little
all
/
/
/
/
/
复数
含义
many
few,
a few
ones
both
others,
the others
※ 注：复合不定代词有12个：
something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人).
1. some和 any 的用法：
some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。
I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)
They will go there some day. (他们有朝一日会去那儿)
some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。
Would you like some coffee with sugar? (你要加糖的咖啡吗？)
any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“一些”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。
They didn’t have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友)
Have you got any questions to ask? (你有问题要问吗？)
any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何一个”。
Come here with any friend. (随便带什么朋友来吧。)
2.
不定
代词
含义
范围
作定语时
名词的数
作主语时
动词的数
both
两者都
=2
复数
复数
either
两者中的任意一个
=2
单数
单数
neither
两者都不
=2
单数
单数
all
三者或三者以上
≥3
单/复数
单/复数
none
三者或三者以上都不
≥3

单/复数
each
每一个
≥2
单数
单数
every
每一个
≥3
单数
单数
1) Both of them enjoy the rice. 他们两人喜欢吃米饭。
2) Neither of us is a doctor. 我们俩都不是医生。
3) Either of you will go. 随你们哪个去都可以。
4）All of the money has been spent.钱都花完了。
3. none、nothing、nobody(no one)、no的区别
none表特指，只能独立使用, 既可指人，也可指物，可与of连用；
常用来回答how many、how much、 which。
nobody(no one)表泛指，只能指人，后面不跟of 短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式；
用来回答who。
nothing表泛指，只能指物，不能与of连用，用来回答what。
no是形容词性的不定代词，只能用作定语，不能单独使用。
1. None of the students failed the examination. 没有一个学生考试不及格。
2. —How much money do you have?----None.
3. —What are you doing now? —Nothing.
4. Nobody was late for school.
No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(没有人知道他是怎样搞到那张票的)
Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天没有一个人交作文。)
None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天没有一个朋友来看我。)
There is no time left. Please hurry up. (没有时间了,请快点)
None of them is/are in the classroom. (他们当中没有一个在教室里)
I have many books, but none is interesting. (我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的)
4. every和each用法：
every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念；
each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；
each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语。
every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词
(如they/them/their)替代。
Every one of the students in his class studies very hard. (他班上每个学生学习都很用功)
They are very busy. Each of them has something to do. (他们很忙,人人都有事干)
5. another、the other、others、the others的区别：
one 代词，替代前文所出现的可数名词
another 指三者以上中的另一个、“再….”
others 表示复数的泛指= other +n.
the other 两者中的另一个
the others 表示复数的特指
other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。
another意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。
another(另外的, 再一, 又一)与the other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,
只有两个时用the other, 在原先基础上增加用another。
Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.
(有些女孩在大苹果树下唱歌,别的就躺在草地上说话)
You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one?
(你已经吃了好几块饼子了,你真的还要一块？)
I want another four books. (我还要四本书)
This is one of your socks. Where is the other one? (这是你的一只袜子,还有一只呢？)
I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another. (我已经吃了4块蛋糕,但是我还要以块。)
others与the others的主要区别：
others指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)；
the others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。
A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them.
(有几个学生在踢足球,其他一些人在观看)
Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.
(十个男孩中有两个站着,其他人都围着他们坐着。)
6. few、little、a few、a little的用法：
few、little “很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,
a few、a little “有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ；
few、a few 与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物,
little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。
它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。
He is very poor and he has little money. (他很穷,几乎没有什么钱。)
Don’t worry. There is still a little time left. (别着急,还有一点儿时间呢。)
In that polar region there live few people. (在那个极地地区几乎不住人)
You can get a few sweets from him. (你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果)
7. 复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。
somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；
anything, anybody, anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。
修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。
Hey, Lily. There is someone outside the door. (嗨,丽丽,门外有人。)
Did you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?
(上个星期天你来学校时见到什么人了吗？)
He has nothing much to do today.(他今天没有多少事情做)
8. a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的区别：
五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多”,
a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,
可以相应地换为much和many；
plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。
a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。
a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。
A lot of people think that time is money. (许多的人认为时间就是金钱。)
I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.
(我用不着赶忙,因为我有充足的时间。)
I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要写)
I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在购物方面我花费了大量的时间/金钱。)

it的用法
一、基本用法
1. 指代前面所提到过的人、物或事情，也可以指未提到过的但是谈话双方都明白的事情、情况。
—Where is your backpack? —It’s on the chair.
2. 指代时间、天气、距离、环境等。
It is over one year since I came to this school.（时间）
It is warm in winter in Kunming.（天气）
It is about 2 kilometers away from here.（距离）
It is very quiet here.（环境）
3. 指代性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或物。
Who’s the baby in the picture? Is it your brother? —No, it’s me.
4. it作形式主语和形式宾语，代替不定式、动词的-ing形式、从句，而把真正的主语、宾语放在后面。
It is a pity that he missed the first flight.
It seems that he has passed the exam.
I find it a waste spending so much time on TV.
二、it 做形式主语
1. It is +形容词（描述事件的形容词）+（for sb.) to do sth.
It is +形容词（描述人的形容词） + (of sb.) to do sth.
It’s necessary for us to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes.
　 我们用一台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要的。
It was foolish of him to give up the job.他放弃那工作是愚蠢的。（= He was foolish to give up the job.）
2. It is time (for sb.) to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了
It is a waste of time / money doing sth.
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
It took me nearly an hour to work out the problem. 花了我差不多一个钟才做出那道题.
It’s a waste of time you talking to him. 你和他谈是浪费时间。
3. It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做…..
It is no use/good doing sth. 做某事没用/没好处
It’s my turn to clean the classroom. 是轮到我打扫教室的了。
三、it作形式宾语
1.　it作形式宾语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和宾语从句。
　 it作形式宾语时，需具备两个条件：①真正的宾语是不定式、动名词或从句; ② 有宾语补足语
2.　it经常作think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/ regard等的形式宾语
I find it pleasant to work with him. 我觉得和他一起工作很愉快。
I think it easy to learn English well.
针对性练习：
1．He can't hear you, because there is ____ noise here
　 A．very much　B．too much　C．much too　D．so many
2．____ name is Han Meimai.
　 A．Herself　 B．Hers　 C．She　 D．Her
3．All of us were invited, but ____ of us came
　A．neither　 B．none　 C．both
4．The weather in Shanghai is different from ____
　 A．Baotou　 B．Baotou weather　 C．that in Baotou　 D．those of Baotou
5．There isn't ____ water in the cup.
　 A．any　 B．many　 C．some　 D．the
6．----Is this ____ pen? ----No, ____ is on my desk.
　 A．your; my　 B．yours; my　C．your; mine　D．yours; mine
7．The bottle is empty. There is ____ in it.
　 A．anything　 B．something　C．nothing
8．----Look! We have ____ sugar. ----Really? Let's go and buy some.
　 A．few　 B．a few　 C．little　 D．a little
9．There isn't ____ milk in the fridge. You'd better buy some.
　 A．no　 B．any　 C．some
10．----“There isn't ____ water here. Could you get ____ for me?”----“All right.”
　 A．some; some　B．any; any　 C．some; any　 D．any; some
11．Today, ____ trees are still being cut down somewhere in the world.
　 A．much too　 B．too much　C．many too　 D．too many
12．There are lots of English books here, and ____ of them is easy to understand.
　 A．both　 B．all　 C．every　 D．each
13．Is the shirt on the bed ____ ?
　 A．yours　 B．your　 C．you
14．Mr. Green taught ____ English last year.
　 A．our　 B．we　 C．us
15．These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me ____ one.
　 A．other　 B．others　 C．the others　D．another
16．Mary can't go with us. ____ has to look after ____ mother at home.
　 A．She; his　 B．She; her 　C．He; her　 D．He; His
17．There isn't ____ paper in the box. Will you go and get ____ for me?
　 A．any; some　B．any; any　 C．some; some　D．some; any
18．I often help ____ .
　 A．he or she　B．his and her　C．him and her　D．his and hers
19．There are some trees on ____ side of the street.
　 A．both　 B．all　 C．either　 D．every
20．“Which of the two dictionaries do you like better?”“I like ____ , because they're not useful.”
　 A．both　 B．either　 C．all　 D．neither
21．They were all very tired, but ____ of them would stop to take a rest.
　A．any　 B．some　 C．none　 D．neither
22．There were ____ people and noise in the park last Sunday.
　 A．many; much　B．much; much　C．much; many　D．many; many
23．____ of them has a dictionary and ____ one of them can look up words in the dictionary.
　 A．Each; every　B．Every; each　C．Each; each　D．Every; every
24．Please keep together. We want ____ of you to get lost.
　 A．none　 B．some　 C．many　 D．any
25．There is ____ water here; but there are quite ____ empty glasses.
　 A．little; a few　B．few; little　C．few; a few　D．little; a little
26．The skirt is ____ . She made it ____ .
　 A．hers; herself　B．her; herself　C．herself; hers　D．herself; her
27．“Haven't you forgotten ____ ?”“ ____ ,oh, I forgot my bag.”
　 A．anything; Excuse me　 B．something; Excuse me
　 C．something; Pardon　 D．everything; Pardon
28．Be quiet! I have ____ to tell you.
　A．important anything　 B．anything important
C．important something　 D．something important
29．My father is very busy with his work. He has ____ time to do the housework.
　 A．little　 B．few　 C．a little　 D．a few
30．---- ____ of the boys in Class Four are playing games. ----____.
　 A．All　 B．Each　 C．The both　 D．None
31．The boy promised ____ mother never to lie to ____ again.
　 A．his; him　B．her; her　 C．her; him　 D．his; her
32．“Would you like some milk in your tea?”“Yes, just ____ .”
　 A．much　 B．a little　 C．a few　 D．little
33．____ school is much larger than ____ .
　 A．Their; our　B．Their; ours 　C．Theirs; ours　D．Theirs; our
34．Put it down, Richard. You mustn't read ____ letter.
　 A．anyone's else's　B．anyone's else　C．anyone else's　D．anyone else
35．He found ____ very interesting to ride a horse.
　 A．this　 B．that　 C．it　 D．which
36．Han Meimei, what about ____ to eat?
　 A．everything　B．something　C．nothing　D．anything
37．____ office is much smaller than ____ .
　 A．Ours; yours B．Our; yours　C．Theirs; our　D．Your; their
38．“Help ____ to some meat, Mary,”my aunt said to me.
　 A．themselves　 B．ourselves　C．yourself　 D．himself
39．There are twenty teachers in this grade．Eight of them are women teachers and ____ are men teachers.
　 A．the other　 B．the others　C．others D．other
40．Though they had cleaned the floor, there was still ____ water on it.
　A．little　 B．a little　 C．few　 D．a few
代词专项练习参考答案
1．B．too much只能修饰不可数名词， much too 修饰形容词或副词， very much可修饰动词；many只能修饰可数名词，不能修饰不可数名词。
2．D．her作物主代词，意为“她的”，注意her还可作she的宾格。
3．B．句意：“我们都接到邀请，但我们谁没来。”none是all的反义词，表示“（三者以上的）没有一个（人或物）。”
4．C．that作为代词。代替主语 weather. A项错误在于Baotou与前面的主语 weather不相对应，无法比较。代词that既可代替不可数名词，也可代替单数可数名词。
5．A．any用于疑问句和否定句，some用于肯定句。
6．C．your是形容词性物主代词，只能作定语修饰名词； mine是名词性物主代词，可作主语、表语和宾语，但不能作定语。 7．C．空白处填nothing是与前一句的 empty相呼应、吻合的。
8．C．从后一句“去买些糖”可知“糖不多了”。little的意思是“少”，有否定含义，只能修饰不可数名词， a little是“一点”，有肯定含义。few和a few是修饰或代替可数名词，前者否定，后者肯定。
9．B．肯定句中用some，疑问句和否定句中用any。
10．D．前一句是否定句，故用any ；后一句是说话者恳请别人做某事，希望对方同意，并认为对方能同意，故用some。
11．D．too much只能修饰不可数名词，too many只修饰可数名词；A项只修饰形容词或副词；C项本身就是错误的。
12．D．every和each都作“每一个”讲，但every只能作定语；each既可作定语，还可作主语、宾语、同位语等成分。both和all作主语（代替可数名词），谓语动词应用复数。
13．A
14．C．代词作宾语应用标本宾格，us是we的宾格。
15．D．other意为“别的、其它的”，可修饰单数名词，也可修饰复数名词。others表示“别人”或“别的事物”，是泛指的复数概念。the other是特指的“其余的（人或物）”。another是泛指的“另一个（人或物）。”
16．B．She在句中作主语，故用主格，her作物主代词。 17．A．
18．C．代词作宾语应用宾格。
19．C．此处的either可换用each； both后修饰复数名词。
20．D．后一个分句说“没有用”，当然是“两个都不喜欢。”
21．C．前一句说“她们都累了”，后一句说“他们都不愿停下来休息”，故填none．
22．A．“人多（many）”故然“噪音大（much）”。
23．A．each可作主语，而every不能，故第一空填each。every 和each 都不可作定语，但every强调全体，而each强调“个体”，故第二空填every。24．A．前一句说“让大家靠近些”。后一句是说希望大家谁也不要掉队，故用none。
25．A．前一空填little，表示“水很少”．第二空填a few，修饰可数名词 glasses，注意quite a few的意思是“好几个”。26．A．注意第二句中的herself意为“亲自”。
27．A．乙方说“Excuse me”，是表示他正在查点他的东西。
28．D．形容词修饰something、anything之类的复合不定代词应后置。
29．A．“我的父亲”忙于工作，故几乎没有时间做家务，故用little．
30．A．填all，表示“所有的男孩”都在做游戏。B项的each作主语，are应改为is。C项本身就是错的，the不能放在both前。因为此句没有表示否定含义（即选none的条件），故不能选之。
31．D．句意：“那个男孩向他妈妈许诺再也不对她撒谎了。”promise sb．（never） to do sth．向某人许诺（永远不）做某事了。 lie to sb．对某人撒谎。32．B．just a little只来一点；just a few只有几个. 33．B．
34．C．此题考查else的所有格形式，else修饰复合不定代词需后置，其所有格形式是在else后加’s，因此在anyone后加’s是没有道理的。35．C．it 做形式宾语，代替在句尾作真正宾语的不定式短语to ride a horse，very interesting是形容词短语作宾语补足语。注意此句型结构：“find＋it＋名词／形容词／分词＋to do sth．”36．B．用something表示邀请。如用 anything则非邀请，而是单纯的询问。37．B．38．C．yourself与后面的me相对应。39．B，除了八位女教师之外的“余者（the others）”是男教师
40．B．地板上还“有点儿（a little）水”。