高三英语语法填空解题技巧.doc

高三英语语法填空解题技巧
纯空格：介词，连词，代词，冠词，从句引导词，情态动词，强调助动词等
有提示词：给出了动词的试题——谓语动词，非谓语动词，词类转换
词类词义转换提——名词，形容词，副词，形容词和副词的比较级或最高级
一、纯空格试题的解题技巧
例1. I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ______ gets there almost in a second.
技巧1① ：主句缺主语或宾语，一定是填
例2. Whenever he was discouraged or faced with difficult problems he would open the box, take out an imaginary kiss, and remember the love of this beautiful child _________ had put it there.
技巧1②：定语从句缺主语或宾语，一定是填适当的关系词，如：
例3. I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car broke (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to should have the honor of receiving me……
技巧1③：名词性从句缺主语或宾语，根据句子意思填适当的词，如：who/ whom谁， which哪一个/些, what东西/话/地方, whoever, whichever, whatever, whomever
例4. While she was getting me settled (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away _________there was a garage.
技巧2①：定语从句缺地点状语用________________, 缺时间状语用_________________，缺原因状语用____________。
例5. …It is said that the father kept that little gold box by his bed for all the years of his life. __________________ he was discouraged or faced with difficult problems he would open the box, take out an imaginary kiss, and remember the love of this beautiful girl…….
例6. ….____________ old you are, it’s not too late to make your life more interesting.
技巧2②：状语从句
缺地点状语用________________,
缺时间状语用_________________，
缺原因状语用____________，
缺方式状语用___________________。
例7. It is said that ______ short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(920-1279)was very anxious to help _____ rice crop grow up quickly.
技巧3：名词前面 若没有限定词（冠词，形容词性物主代词，不定代词），很可能是填限定词。
例8. … The little girl looked ______ at him with tears rolling from her eyes and said: “Daddy, it’s not empty. I blew kisses into it ____ it was all full.” The father was crushed. He fell ___ his knees and put his arms around his precious little girl. He begged her to forgive him for his unnecessary anger.
技巧4 ：介词 的使用要注意搭配和上下文语境提示。
例9. …Two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso______ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.
技巧4 ① ：两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连接词，可能是填连词。
例10. … all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me _______ almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about.
技巧4 ② ：同一个主语发出两个或几个动作，且时态一致，中间没有连词，一定是填连词。
例11. I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days _____ I was to return to Guangzhou.
例12. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ______ he felt very happy.
技巧4 ③ ：若两句（一个主谓关系算一句）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。
例13 What is acceptable in one country ______be considered extremely rude in another.
例14 He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ______ bring home a regular salary.
技巧5：若结构完整， 空格后的谓语动词是原型，且又与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很有可能是填____________或
例15 … _____ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG(味精).
例16 ______ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.
例17 … as ______ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists.
例18 Dating sites also make _____ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.
例19 This made the goat so jealous _____ it began plotting against the donkey.
例20 Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _____ how much he pays.
例21 It is said that ______ used to be a theatre here.
例22 One day, he came up with an idea __________ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.
技巧6：由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词
纯空格试题巩固练习：
These changes only became possible as my memory improved. First it was stored 1 tubes, then on transistors2 later on very small chips. As 3 result I totally changed
4 shape. 5 I have grown older I have also grown smaller. 6 time my memory has developed so much that,7 an elephant, I never forget 8 I have been told! And my memory became 9 large that even I couldn’t believe 10 !
二、给出了动词的试题的解题技巧
一） ：句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词,就要考虑时态和语态，时态考虑要瞻前顾后。
例1. ……
The first card ____________(design) by J.C.Horsley as a commercial endeavor.
例2. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _________(close) my book and walked away.
例3. All over the world, people move from place to place. More and more people__________ (leave) towns and farms to move to cities. This (move) to cities is called urbanization.
例4. Smaller cars are just one of the directions that the car industry is taking. Also the industry ___________________
(produce) cars that pollute less and have a less harmful effect on the environment these days.
例5. Nobody knows what _____________________(happen) if she had refused to pay.
例6. His fear of failure kept him from classroom games that other children __________(play) with joyous abandon.
例7. ……The (happy) of people don’t (necessary)have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that _______(come) along their way.
例8. …….The country life he was used to ____________ （change ）greatly since the opening policy.
例9. The international agreement, intended to encourage children not to smoke and ___________ (help) people kick the habit, ____________ (sign) on February 27 last summer.
（二） ：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用 doing形式，done形式，还是 to do 形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间 的关系。
例10. …… but it is not enough only ______________(memorize) rules from a grammar book.
例11. ……_________(speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary……
技巧1 ：作主语或宾语时，通常用 形式表示习惯或一般情况； 用 形式表示具体情况或将来；用 表示已发生。
例12.…… ____________(complet) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
例13. The young student did all that he could ______ (pass)the examinations.
例14. Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _____________(success).
技巧2：作目的状语或者在固定结构中，一般用to do形式。
例15. He saw the stone, ______(say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.”
例16. The headmaster went into the lab, ________ (follow) by the foreign guests.
技巧3 ：分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形式。与句中主语是主动关系使用现在分词；与句中主语是被动关系使用过去分词。
例17. There will be a meeting, _______(start) later this year to review the film.
例18. …….Lessons_________(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.
技巧4 ：分词做后置定语也要看它与被修饰词之间的关系确定形式。与所修饰的名词是主动关系使用现在分词；与所修饰的名词是被动关系使用过去分词。
例19. At 9:07pm, Sept.25, The Shenzhou VII spacecraft was lifted by the long March Ⅱ-F carrier rocket into space. The launch of the Shenzhou VII is China’s third manned space venture since October 23, when it joined Russia and the United States as the only countries _____________(send) astronauts into space.
技巧5 ：名词前有 first, second,…last, only修饰时，后面要用to do / to have done 做后置定语。
例20. Mr. Green was disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ______（repair） go wrong again.
例21. Can you tell me the way you thought of ___________ (work )out the problem.
技巧6 ：固定结构如： have sth. done , the way to do 等。
巩固练习
1.I was delighted and was about to accept her proposal when she suggested we first [38]____ (go) to the West Lake and walk along the Broken Bridge.
2.Peter ___________ (leave) for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him.
3.I have to go to work by taxi because my car _____________ (repair) at the garage.
4.I went down there, ________ (pay) my penny and got a receipt.
5.There, [40]__________ (place) neatly beside the empty dish, were two nickels and five pennies—her tip!
6.…I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left [40]___________ (complete) the test!
7.My pupils, [40]________ (include) Donnie, adored her.
8.It remains __________ (see) whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.
三．词类转换题的解题技巧
词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。
[例1] The youngster immediately fell ________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.
[例2] In a __________ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to…
[例3] Teachers must try their best to make most of their students __________ (interest) in the subject.
技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。
[例4] When China’s ancient scientific and technological ______________ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.
[例5] …instructors expect students to be familiar with _______________ (inform) in the reading…
技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。
[例6] With the large numbers of students, the ________ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.
技巧3：在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。
[例7] As I looked 32 (close) at this girl, I found that…
[例8] There must be something 40_____ (serious) wrong with our society.
[例9]Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet 33 (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time…
技巧4：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。
[例10] People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is: no knowledge is ________ (use).
[例11] Your mistake caused a lot of ___________ (necessary) work in the office.
技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在词根后加-less等。
[例12]…there was a lot of information about the city’s well-known tourist[35]__________ (attract)…
[例13]The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could…He jumped even [36]____ (hard) and finally made himself out.
技巧6：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。
词类转化题巩固练习
1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said [36]___________(rude).
2.One of the [33]________ (bad) gift choices I had ever made was for my high school English teacher…
3.[39]____________ (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just only 10 minutes left ...!
4.It was his [32]______ (nine) year of school and his academic career seemed to be in ruins, so I was angry.
5.As far as I am concerned, my [37]____________ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook.
6.It would be ___________ (believe) that such an honest man should have betrayed his friends.
解题四步
提示：四步走归根到底其实就是寻找依据．每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据
通读全文,理解大意
分析句子,确定词性
根据语义, 确定词形
检查搭配, 前后连贯
四．动词Practice:
1. Some people say that the oldest children, who are very smart and strong willed, are likely __________(succeed). (08年佛山一模)
2. --- but it is not enough only ____________(memorize) the rules from the grammar book.(2007年佛山一模)
3. With the problem solved, I felt proud of my achievement. Unfortunately, I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left ____________ (complete) the rest.(07年广州二模)
4. Liu Xiang was the first Asian ___________ （win） the men’s 110m hurdles at the Olympics in Athens.
5. A pick-up truck passed us on the road and, a few minutes later I saw it _______ (pull) back and the driver looking directly at us. (2010广州期末)
6. Martha Berry in her later years received many medals and honors for what she had done for the poor mountain children of Georgia, and in 1931 she __________(name) one of the most important women in the United States. （2011广深四校联考）
7. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _______(close) my book and walked away.
8. She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and ________(bring) me into her world: a world of smiles, love and warmth. （2008深圳一模）
9. Now, Valentine’s Day ____________(celebrate) in many countries around the world.（2009佛山二模）
10. Then came another rider; the old man ________(catch) his eyes and said, “Sir, would you mind doing me a favor?” （2011深圳一模）
11. 11.We must also consider the reaction of the person _________(receive) the gift. （2009广州一模）
12. I was certain she would like it because I ________ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. （2009广州一模）
13. I was raised by my grandmother and given a deep sense of the value of experience. __________(teach) to behave well, my sister and I respected other people, regardless of their age or colour.（2009深圳一模）
五、语篇结构
(A)(用所给动词的正确形式填空)
During the Warring States Period(475-221BC), there was a man called Yue Yangzi in State Yue. One day, he decided to go out and visit scholars 1._________ (enrich) his knowledge. So he set off.
A year later, he came back home suddenly.
"Why have you returned?" asked his wife in surprise, "You've only spent one year 2._________ (study) with scholars."
"I come back because I missed you very much."
Without saying anything, his wife took a pair of scissors and 3._______(go) to the loom at which she had worked. 4._________ (point) at the half done brocade(织锦), she said : "This brocade is woven from the finest silk. I wove one strand after another to produce the brocade. Now if I cut it, all my previous work will be wasted. It's the same with your studies.
You can acquire knowledge only through diligence. Now, you 5.____________(stop) halfway. Isn't it the same as cutting the brocade on the loom (织布机)?"
Yue Yangzi 6.__________(move) by what she said. He again left home to visit scholars. Several years later he became a learned man. Thus the idiom “give up halfway” came into being.
(B) 语法填空
Mark Twain，the famous American writer, liked to play jokes on others. But once he experienced a joke 16._______( play) on him.
One day Mark Twain was invited to give a talk in a small town. 17.____ lunch he met a young man, one of his friends. The young man said that he has 18. ___uncle with him.
He told Twain that his uncle never laughed or 19. ________(smile)，and that nobody and nothing was able to make his uncle smile or laugh.
“You bring your uncle to my talk tonight，”said Mark Twain.“I’m sure I can make him laugh”
That evening the young man and 20. ____ uncle sat in the front. Mark Twain began to speak. He told several funny stories, 21. ______ made everyone in the room laugh.
But the man never even smiled. Mark Twain told more funny stories，22. ____ the old man still kept quiet. Mark Twain told his funny stories. Finally he stopped. He was tired and quite disappointed．
Some days 23. _____ (late), Mark Twain told another friend of his 24. _____ what had happened.
“Oh，”said his friend. “I know that old man. He 25.________(be) deaf（聋）for years.”
（C）语法填空
When I was growing up I do not recall hearing the words “I love you” from my father. When your father never says ________ to you when you are a child, it gets tougher and tougher for him _______(say) those words as he gets ______(old). To tell you the truth, I could not honestly remem