中考英语常用270个动词用法详解.doc

动 词 汇 总
1．accept vt.&vi. 接受，同意
receive 收到（但不一定接受）
2．ache vi. 痛
n. 疼痛
aches and pains 各种各样的病痛
3.achieve vt.完成，实现，达到
n. achievement
achieve one’s goals 达到目的
4.act vi.行动 vt.扮演
其他意思：n. 行为
act as （临时）担任，充当；扮演……的角色；起……的作用
catch sb. in the (very) act (of doing sth.)(=catch sb. red handed)
当场捉到某人
donkey act [美俚]蠢笨的行动
Dutch act [美俚]自杀
5.add vt.&vi. 添加，加
add in 算入; 包括
add to增加, 加到
add up 加起来, 总计; 和预期产总数相等;
add up to总计共达; (总起来看)等于说; 意味着
6.address vt. 写地址 其他意思：n. 住址，演说
accommodation address 临时通讯处
be addressed to ab. 寄给……
7．advise vt. 劝告，建议，通知
advice un.建议
a piece of advice
advise sb. to do sth . 建议……做……
8．afford vt. 负担得起，买得起，提供
afford time/money (动词前往往有情态动词can或can’t)
9. agree vt.&vi. 同意，赞成
agree like cats and dogs 水火不相容
agree to do 同意做……。
agree with同意...的意见; 与...一致; 对...适合
10．aim vi. 瞄准，针对 其他意思：n. 目标，目的
11.allow vt. 准许 allowance 津贴
allow doing 允许做……
allow sb. to do 允许某人做……
be allowed to do 被允许做……
12.answer vt. 回答，答复 其他意思：n. 答案，回答
soft answer 温和[委婉]的回答
answer the door /telephone
the answer to the question
answer the question = reply to the question
13.arrive vi. 到达 n arrival
arrive at/in 到达(目的地); 达到, 得出(结论等)（没有明确地点arrive）
=get to = reach (够到……，达到某种水平或数字)
14.ask vt. 询问，请求，要求
ask sb. for sth 要; 请求, 征求 要(价) 找
ask sb. (not) to do sth.
15.avoid vt.避免，撤销
avoid doing 避免做某事
16.awake vt.唤醒 vi.醒 其他意思：adj. 醒着的
be wide/broad awake 完全醒着 警觉; 不易上当受骟 完全知道, 充分觉察到
awake to the fact that 认识到...的事实
be/keep awake 醒着
17． wake v. 醒
wake up 醒来
e.g. James usually wakes up early.
wake sb up 叫醒……
e.g. My mother wakes me up at six o’clock.
辨析：
① wake多用于不及物动词
② waken只用于及物动词
③ awake指唤醒（意志……） 也可为adj指清醒的
18．be （is am are was were being been） v. 是 存在 aux.v (无词义)
Let it be. 随它去
be+及物动词过去分词 构成被动语态
be+现在分词 构成进行时
be+有to的不定式 表示约定 计划 职责 义务 愿望 可能 命运等
The book is to come out.
You are not to do that. 你不该那样做.
be for 到…去 赞成
I’m for Shanghai.
We are for just war.
be from 从…来 生在(某处)
be gone. 走开,不见了。
have been to+次数 去过某地几次
have been in +地点+时间段 在某地带了多长时间
19．beat v.打败 敲打 (心脏等)跳动 打动(心)
win (won won) vt获胜，赢得（比赛荣誉等等）
win在游戏、比赛、竞赛、选举等中获胜，常跟game,race,competition,war等表示物的单词
beat 在运动比赛中获胜，打败了其他人或其他队，常跟sb,class,some team等表示人的单词(beat=defeat)
n.(连续的)敲打(声) (时钟等的)滴答声 (心脏 脉搏等的)跳动 悸动 节拍
off/on the beat (不)和节拍
20．bear v. 容忍 负担，孕育 n. 熊
bear and forbear 一忍再忍
be born in /at 出生
born adj 天生的 He was a born poet . 他天生就是个诗人。
21．become v. 变得 成为
表变化的系动词 become be get go
22．begin v. 开始 在完成时态中须变成be on
begin with 以…开始
begin to do/doing 开始做…
to begin with 首先 第一
To begin with, he is too young.
Well begun is half done . 良好的开端是成功的一半。
23．behave v. 行为举止 behavior n. 行为举止
behave oneself=behave well
24.believe v. 相信 认为 否定前置 believable adj. 可信的
believe sb.=believe what sb.said
believe in sb.=trust sb
believe it or not 信不信由你
25．belong v. 属于
belong to 属于
26．blow v. 吹
blow one’s nose 擤鼻子
27．boat v. 划船
go boating/swimming/shopping/sightseeing
28．book v. 预定 n. 书 bookworm 书虫
book a ticket to the concert
29. borrow v. 借
borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物
lend sb. sth = lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人
keep sth for some time 借多长时间
30．break v. 打破 违反
break the rules= be against the rules
break down （机器等）坏了 车抛锚
break into 破门而入
break out （火灾，水灾等）发生
n. 休息 have a break
31.breathe v. 呼吸
breathe in/out 吸入/呼出
breath n. 呼吸
out of breath 气喘吁吁
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
take a deep breath 深呼吸
32．build v. 建造
build up 确立 树立；促进（身体康复）
33．burn v. 燃烧
burn daylight 白昼点灯 徒劳无益
burn to the ground 烧成灰烬
burn up 烧完 燃尽
money burns a hole in one’s pocket 钱烧包
burnt adj. 烧糊的
34．buy v. 买
buy sth. for sb.=buy sb sth
have sth for some time 买了多长时间
35．call v.叫,叫做,打电话 n.电话 叫喊声
make a phone call to sb 给……打电话
call for要求
call off 取消
call in 召集
call at 访问(某处) (车船等)停靠(某地).
call on (1).访问(sb.),(2).号召;要求
call back (1).回电话;(2).召回,叫回来
call up (1).打电话 (2).使人想起
36. camp n.露营地, 阵营 v．露营
go camping
37.can n.罐头，听头，容器 v.能够
（1）=be able to do
（2）must be 表示肯定的猜测， can’t be 表示否定猜测
38. cancel v.取消, 删去
cancel sth out 抵消
cancellation n.取消
39. carry v.携带, 搬运
carry on sth 从事
carry on （with sth/doing sth）继续
carry out 开展, 实现, 完成, 进行到底 贯彻, 执行, 落实
40. catch
v.捉[逮, 截]住, 捕获,赶上(车、船等)领悟, 听清, 了解, 理会
catch up with追上, 赶上,
Speak slowly please,I can’t catch you .
41.cause n.原因, 理由, 缘故; 目标, 事业 v. 引起，使发生
cause 指“产生结果的原因” 或“使某事发生的原因”, 如:
Carelessness is the cause of his failure. 粗心是他失败的原因。
reason 指“根据事实、情况或产生的结果,推导出结论的理由或道理”, 如:
The reason for the flood was all that heavy rain. 那场大雨是发生洪水的原因。
42. celebrate v. 举行(仪式); 庆祝(胜利等); 祝贺，赞美, 颂扬，公布, 发表
celebration n. 庆祝，典礼
43. centre v.集中 n.中心
centre around/on 集中于 in the centre of 在……的中心
44. change n.改变, 变化, 转变, 找回的零钱 v.改变, 变革, 改造, 兑换
change one's mind 改变某人主意
change into 变成.翻译成
Here is your change. 这是找回的零钱。
Great changes have taken place in my hometown since I left .
45.chant n.圣歌 v.赞美，喃喃地唱
46.cheat n.欺骗, 骗子v.欺骗, 骗取
47.check n.支票 v.检查, 制止, 核对, 寄存, 托运
check in 签到; 报到; 办理住宿手续;
48.cheer n.愉快 v. (使)快活, (对)欢呼 cheerful adj 高兴的，欢呼的
cheer up 欢呼,振作
cheer sb. up 使……振作起来
cheers ! 干杯！Here’s to …… 为了……
49．choose v.选择, 选定 choice n. 选择
choose to do 选择做……
have no choice
make a /one’s choice
50.circle n.圆周, 圆形物, 派系, 循环 v.围, 环绕
in circles 打转转; 毫无进展
51.clap n.拍手声, 霹雳声v.鼓掌, 轻拍
52.clean adj.清洁的, 干净的, 清白的v.打扫, 使干净, 清扫
clean/clear/tidy up 收拾干净
keep the room tidy and clean
53.climb v.攀登, 爬 n.攀登, 爬
54.clone n.无性繁殖, 克隆 v.无性繁殖, 复制
55.close v.关, 关闭, 结束, 停止, n.结束
adj.近的,亲密的 adv.接近, 紧密地
close down （工厂等的）关闭， 停歇；（电台的）停止播音
be close to 和……亲近，离……近
close friends 亲密朋友
keep your eyes closed and keep your mouth open
56.cook vt&vi 1.烹调，煮
cook the meal = do some cooking
n 厨师
cooker n 厨具
cookery n 烹饪术
57. copy v. 抄，复制；模仿，效仿（某人或某事）；抄袭
a copycat 盲目地模仿者
n. 抄本，复制品；（杂志、书籍、报纸等）一本，一册
Eg Did you get your copy of “China Daily” today?
58.cost 值；花费（无被动式）
sth cost sb sm(to do)
sb spend money/time (in) doing sth./on +n.
sb pay money for sth
It take sb time to do sth
How much does it cost?=What is the price of it?
n. 价格；成本
at the cost of 以……为代价
at all costs 不惜任何代价
eg. We must avoid war,at all cost. 我们必须不惜任何代价避免战争。
cost of living 生活费用
59.cough vi 咳嗽 n 咳嗽；咳嗽声
have a cough
60.count v.计算；数
count down 倒计时 count in 包括
eg If you are planning a trip to Florida,count me in.
如果你们计划到佛罗里达，把我算在里面。
Don’t count your chicken before they are hatched .不要过早乐观。
61．cover v. 覆盖，遮蔽；包括，网罗，涉及；旅行，走；采访（事件）；够；
eg.I want to cover 100 miles before it gets dark. 我希望在天黑前走100英里
n. 覆盖物；靠垫；封皮
be covered with/by 由……覆盖
62．create v 创造；创建
create friendships with sb
creation n.创造；创造品
creator n. 创造者 造物主 creative adj 有创

63．cross v.穿过，渡过；
across prep. 穿过 （表面）
through prep. 通过 （中间）
cross adj. 生气的 Your mother will be cross if you are late.
n. 十字架
crossing n 十字路口
64.cry v. 哭；大声哭喊；叫喊；
cry out against 大声疾呼反对……
cry out for 急需；迫切需要
eg. The garden is crying out for rain.
这个花园急需雨水。
65. cut v.切；坎；删除；减少；停止（供煤气、电等）
cut down 砍倒
cut up 切开
cut into pieces 切成碎片
n.切口，刀伤，伤口；减少，降低；切牌
66.eat v.吃, 腐蚀 eatable adj. 可食用的
eat up吃光,
eat like a bird吃得极少
eat like a horse 吃得多
eat like a wolf贪婪地吃, 狼吞虎咽
eat one's words食言, 取消诺言, 认错道歉
67．end v&n. 结束, 终结, 终止
We play football when school ends.
in the end最终地；终于=at last=finally
at the end of 在……的尽头/末尾
by the end of 到……时为止（后接过去的时间，用过去完成时）
68．enjoy vt.享受...的乐趣, 欣赏, 喜爱
enjoyable adj.（形容词）
enjoyment n. 快乐，乐事
enjoy oneself过得快乐
69．enter vt.进入, 加入, 参加, 登录, 开始
vi.进去, [戏]登场, 参加
enter for报名参加
enter the competition
70. examine v&n.检查, 调查, 考试
look sb. over = examine sb
71.excite vt.刺激, 使兴奋, 使激动
vi.<口>兴奋, 激动 excitement n.
72.excuse vt. 原谅, 申辩, n. 借口
excuse me int. 对不起
excuse oneself 为自己辩解
make up an excuse 编借口
73．expect vt.期待, 预期, 盼望, 指望,
expect (sb.) to do =look forward to doing
74.experience vt.经验, 体验, n(c) 经历, 阅历 n(u)经验
experienced adj 有经验的
75. explain v. 解释, 说明 explanation n.
76.express vt. 表达, 表示
expression n. 短语
77.fail ①fail to do 未能做某事
②failure n. 失败
78.fall fall off 从……跌落 =fall down from
fall in love(with) (与……)坠入爱河
fall over 落在……上；跌倒 翻车
fall behind 落后
79.feed ①feed on 以……为食物
②feed up 供给食物
3 be fed up with 厌倦了……
80.feel ①feel like doing 想要做某事=would like to do = want to do
②作系动词，后加adj. 没有被动态
81.fetch 去取来=get
take 拿走 take sb to sp /take sth with sb /take sb around sp
bring 带来 bring sb sth = bring sth to sb
82.fight v&n ①fight against sth. 与……抗争
②fight back 还击
③fight for 为……而战
83.fill ①be filled with ……里……充满……=be full of
②fill in 填写
84.find ①find out 查出,查明（事情的真相）
look for 寻找（强调动作）
find 找到 （强调结果）
search sb for sth 搜查某地找某物
②find+it+adj.+(for sb.)+to do sth.
85.finish finish doing 完成做某事
86.fish v. 钓鱼 n 鱼（可数，单复同形。）鱼肉 （不可数）
fish in troubled waters 浑水摸鱼 趁火打劫
87.fit v. 合适 （大小，肥瘦）
suit v 合适 （式样，风格，颜色等）
88.fix v. 修理=mend=repair
把某物钉在某地
88.fly v. 飞 n.苍蝇
Time flies !
89.follow v. 跟随.理解，听从
I didn’t quite follow what he was saying .
It will be better if you follow my advice .
90.force v. 强制
force sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事
91.forget v. 忘记 forgetful adj 健忘的
forget to do 忘记去做某事
forget doing 忘记做过某事
92.freeze v. 冻结；愣住 freezing adj 极冷的
Smile froze on his face .
He shouted , “Freeze!” 别动！
93． get: 得到；到达；取来；变得；理解；准备（饭）； 患 ；登上（车，飞机等）
get down: 写下，记下；咽下，拿下
get to: 到达
get on/off （a bus）: 上/下车；
get into/out of(a car):
get together; 聚会，相聚
get up: 起床
get in 收割
get sth. done = have sth done
get on well with
94.give: 给，交给，递给；赠送；提供；交付；举
give sb. sth = give sth. to sb,
give in: 妥协，让步，屈服
give up doing/for sth: 放弃做某事
give sth back to sb: 把…归还给某人
95.go: 去；离开；变得；处于（某种状态）；去某地 做某事
be gone: 离开了，消失了
go ahead: 做计划中的事情
go back to: 追溯到
go by: 经过；（时间）逝去
go for: 试图得到某物
go off: 中断；（铃）大声响；爆炸
go on with/doing sth: 继续做某事
go on to do sth: 接着做某事（另外一件事）
go out: 出去；（火；灯）熄灭
go over: 仔细查看
go through:经历， 仔细检查
go bad 变坏（质）
96.grow: 长大；（植物）生长；种植；逐渐变成；（问题）变得更大/严重
grow up: 长大成人；（习惯、习俗）形成
bring up 抚养
grown-up: 成年的；大人
grow vegetables 种蔬菜
grow tall 长高
97.guess: 猜测；推测，估计
98．hand n 手，（表的）指针 vt 交出，传递
hand in
hand out
hand on
hand in hand
give sb. a hand
on the other hand
99. hang v. 悬挂；吊死，绞死
100．happen v 发生
happen to sb
happen to do.
Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1999.
101.hate v 憎恨，厌恶
hate doing sth.
102.have v 1)有
2)使，让 have sb do
have sth. done
3) (don’t) have to
4) have done
103.hear v 听见 （强调结果）
1）hear sb. do
2) hear sb. doing sth.
3)hear from sb.
4) hear of /about
5)I’m sorry to hear that.
listen to 听（强调动作）
104．heat v. 加热 n 热量
105 help v&n 帮助
1）help sb. with sth
2)help sb (to)do sth
3) help oneself to + n.
4) can’t helping
106. hide v 藏
hide –and –seek
107. hit v打，击中
hit sb. on the back/shoulder/nose/head
hit sb in the face/stomach
108. hold v 拿，举行
hold on (打电话专用语)稍等
109．hope v. 希望
hope to do
hope that
I hope so.
110. hurry v 匆忙
hurry to do = do sth in a hurry
111 .imagine v. 设想，猜想，想象
imagine doing sth
例：It’s hard to imagine living in a palace.
imagine that
例：I magine that you’ve won a million pounds.
imagine someone doing sth
例：I simply can’t imagine George helping with the baby!
n. imagination 想象力
adj. imaginative 富有想象力的
112.improve v. 改善，改进,提高
improve yourself 求上进的
n. improvement 改进；进步
例：There has certainly been an improvement in his behavior.
113．include v. 包括，包含
The price includes postage charges.
prep. including
例：There were 20 people in this room, including the teacher.

114. increase v./n. 增长
increase rapidly 增长迅速
increase by/to 增长了/到
adj. increasing 增长的
adv. increasingly 越来越多的
反义词 v. decrease 减少，降低
115．injure v. 使受伤，弄伤 injured adj 受伤的
wound v 受伤 n 伤口 wounded adj 受伤的
hurt v 疼，伤着…… n （精神上的）伤痛 adj 受伤的
be badly/seriously injured/hurt
例：She was badly injured in the accident.
受到枪、剑、刀的攻击而负伤可用wound
用其他武器致伤或在事故中受伤用 injured 或hurt
用wound和injure比用hurt严重
116、insist v. 坚持，强调
insist on doing sth/ n.
insist that (坚持让别人做事用虚拟，should+v. 坚持自己做事无需用虚拟)
例：Tom insisted that he was mistaken.
Tom insisted that everyone should come to the party .
117.interview v. 采访
have/do an interview with sb = give an interview to sb
n. interviewee 接受采访者
interviewer 采访者
118. introduce v. 介绍 n. introduction 介绍；引言
introduce sb to sb/sth
例：He introduced us to Thai food.
119. invent v. 发明
n. inventor 发明家 invention 发明
虚构；捏造 例： The whole story was invented.
120. invite v. 介绍
invite sb to sp
invite sb to do sth
n. 邀请；请柬 invitation 例：Did you get an invitation to the wedding.
121.join 连接；加入
join sb/team/club/Party/League/army
join (sb) in sth/doing sth 跟某人一起做某事
take part in the sports meeting

122.jump 跳
the high / long jump
jump the queue
a queue jumper
123.keep v. 保持
keep ……away ……
keep (sb.) doing
keep +adj.
keep sb from doing
129. land n. 陆地 v. 登陆
by land 由陆路 on land 在陆地上
124. last adj. 最后的 adv.最后 v. 持续
last for 持续多久
at last 最后 =in the end = finally
125. laugh n.& vi. 笑 laughter 笑声
laugh at sb 嘲笑某人
126. lie-lied-lied –lying
lie-lay-lain-lying
lay-laid-laid-laying
127. lead 领导； 带领
lead to 通向； 引导 导致，引起
lead /live a (dog’s ) life 过着……的生活
lead the way 领路
All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马

128. learn 学习
learn to do 学着去做……
learn about sth. 了解……
learn from sb./ sth. 向……学习……
learn sth by oneself= teach oneself sth
129. leave 离开
leave for sp. 前往某地
leave sp. for sp. 离开某地去某地
leave sb. alone/ on one’s own/ by oneself 把某人单独留在……
leave sth. +prep. + sp. 把某物落在某地
leave a message 留言
We have a few minutes left .(作剩下讲，往往用过去分词放在所修饰名词的后面)
Leave +n +done/doing/adj 使…处于某种状态…
He left the room ,leaving the