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讲义2:冠词
一、冠词的概念:冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义。
二.冠词的分类:冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类
不定冠词有a,an两个,定冠词只有the,零冠词是不用冠词。
三、不定冠词的用法
1.a用于辅音发音开头的词前, 如:a book; an用于元音发音开头的词前,如:an apple, an hour
2.表示类别:这种用法是指某人或某物属于某一种类,或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何一个或一件,或者指某一种类的人或物,但不具体说明是何人或何物。 例如:
That is a pen, not a pencil. 那是钢笔而不是铅笔。(指属于某一种类)
Give him a pear, please! 请给他一个梨。(指某一种类中的任何一个)
Listen! A boy is singing in the classroom.
3.和 one 的区别: a/an 表示类别、种类, One 强调数量。
a bus (表示是一辆公交车 而不是一辆小汽车 也不是火车)
one bus (强调是一辆车 而不是两辆或三辆)
4. 表示基本单位,作“每一”讲。例如:three times a day, 10 yuan a kilo
six class a day thirty miles an hour等。
四、定冠词的用法
1). 定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指”:表示某个或某些特定的人或物。
Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。
2).再次提到上文提到过的人或物,应该用定冠词the。例如:
Tom has an apple, The apple is big and red.
3). 指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如:
Let’s go and give it to the teacher.咱们去把它交给老师吧。
4). 用于某些固定词组中。 例如:
in the morning / afternoon / evening ,play the piano等。
5). 用在形容词前表示一类人。
the old 老人 the young 年轻人the rich富裕的人
6).用在序数词或形容词最高级前。
He is the tallest one in our class.
The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class.
7). 用在表示“姓”的复数名词前,表示一家人或夫妇二人
The Greens came to China two years ago .
8). 用在由普通名词构成的表示场所的专有名词前。
the Great Wall 长城 the Summer Place颐和园
9).在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。
the Changjang River 长江
(注意 在乐器前必须加定冠词 如弹钢琴play the piano play the violin)
10).不能用定冠词the的几个方面:
(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如:in summer, in August
(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如:have breakfast ,play football
四、 零冠词用法
1)在物质名词,抽象名词前不用冠词
The desk is made of wood.
2)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:
England, China Mary Lilei Mr.Green
3). 在星期、月份,季节等名词前;Sunday March summer
4)名词前有物主代词,指示代词,不定代词,名词所有格修饰时(this, my,that, those, these, her)
如:this morning my pen your watch whose bike 等
5) 在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前如:
have breakfast play chess play basketball
6)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;例:by bus, by train 等。
五、冠词练习
1、. ----How long does it take us to go to your hometown from here?
----It takes us hour or more to go to my hometown by train.
A. an; a B. a ; an C. an; / D. a; /
【答案】C
【解析】冠词的考察 hour 第一个字母h不发音,所以一小时应用an hour; by 介词,当交通工具前无修
2.John can play _____ guitar, but he can’t play ______ chess.
A. the;/ B./;the C. the; the
答案:A
解析:考查冠词的用法。表示“弹奏乐器”使用定冠词the,表示“下棋”不使用冠词,故选A项。
3、 —What ________ exciting sports show!
—Yeah, I love this game.
A. a B. the C. an
答案:C
【解析】考查冠词的用法。exciting是元音音素开始的单词,所以用an。
4、 I like music, but I don’t like ______ music of this film.
A. a B. an C. the D.不填
答案:C
【解析】:冠词用法。不定冠词A 和an表泛指。定冠词The表特指。由句意“我喜欢音乐,但我不喜欢这部电影的音乐”。故选C。
5、 – By the end of this year, China’s state and provincial (省的) libraries will be free to the public.
–That’s _______ good news for those who often go to these places.
A. a B. the C. 不填
答案:C
【解析】冠词的用法。答语中news是一个不可数名词,故前面既不能用a也不能用an,定冠词the一般用于第二次提到的某个事物。
6、 –What do you usually have for ______ breakfast, Peter?
–A friend egg, three pieces of bread and a glass of milk.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案:D
解析: 考查冠词的用法。三餐前不用冠词,故选D项。
7、 Let’s have ____ break; I want to make_______ telephone call.
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the
答案:A
【解析】本题考查固定短语的构成。have a break是固定搭配,意为“休息一下”;make a telephone call也是固定搭配,意为“打电话”。故选A。
8、. — Do you know ______ girl who is standing under ____ tree?
— Of course! She is Lucy, my classmates.
A. the, the B. a, a C. a, / D. /, the
答案 :A
【解析】冠词用法。the用于特指某人(物),本句意思就是指树下站着的这个女孩,girl, tree都是特指,故选择A。
六、专项练习
1 Han Meimei is ___ Chinese girl. Lucy is ____ English girl.
A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a
2 A little boy wrote____ "U" and___ "n" on the wall.
A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a
3 _____ old lady in brown is____ university professor.
A. An; a B. An; / C. The; an D. The; a
4 There are sixty minutes in____hour.
A. an B. the C. a D. /
5 This is ____ interesting book and it is also ____ useful one.
A. an; an B. an; the C. an; a D. a; a
6 A computer is ____useful tool in ____ world today.
A. an; the B. a; the C. the; the D. a; a
7.Fancy saw____ accident in the street yesterday.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
8.Now he is ___ artist. 1 have known him since he was ___ one-year-old boy.
A. a; an B. a; a C. an; an D. an; a
9.Which bigger ___ elephant or ___ horse?
A. a; the B. an; a C. the; an D. an; the
10 ____monkey can climb____trees.
A. /; the B. A; / C. The; a D. /; /
11 ____ rains are faster than ____ buses.
A. /; / B. The; / C. /; the D. The; a
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