高中英语代词讲解与练习(附答案).doc

代词
代词可以分为下列九类1 人称代词2 物主代词3 反身代词4. 相互代词5. 指示代词 6. 疑问代词7. 关系代词8. 连接代词9 不定代词
一 人称代词英语中主要有以下这些人称代词：
数
格 人称
单数
复数
一
二
三
一
二
三
主格
I
you
he, she, it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
him, her, it
us
you
them
人称代词做主语时用主格，做宾语时用宾格。
在作表语时，用宾格较多，例如：Who is knocking at the door? --- It’s me.
但在强调结构中却常用主格：It is I that∕ who will love you from beginning to end.
在使用人称代词时有下面几点值得注意：
1）she可以用来代表国家，船只，大地，月亮等。 e.g. I think England will do what she promised to do.
2) 在并列的主语中，I总放在最后。e.g. ①Mary and I will be in charge of the case.
②You,she and I ,who are all good friends,should love one another from the bottom of our heart forever.
3) 第三人称，男女两性并用时，男先女后。e.g. He and she still don’t agree to the plan.
二 物主代词英语中主要有下列这些物主代词：
类型 词义
我的
你的
他（她，它）的
我们的
你们的
他们的
形容词性物主代词
my
your
His, her, its
our
your
their
名词性物主代词
mine
yours
His, hers, its
ours
yours
theirs
1. 形容词性的物主代词只能作定语，如I am going to my home village to see my parents this weekend.
2. 名词性的物主代词可以作：（注：形代﹢具名＝名代，形代在句中其后必有具体的名词。）
1) 主语 Ours is a big family.
2）宾语The life in your country is quite different from ours.
3）表语Whose dictionary is this? ----it’s mine.
4） “of +名词性物主代词”可用作定语 That car of hers is always breaking down.= Her car is …….
三 反身代词
单数
myself
yourself
himself
herself
Itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
1．这些词可用来：(注：主宾一致的情况下往往用反身代词充当宾语。)
1） 作宾语I can’t express myself in English.
2) 作表语I am not quite myself these days.
3）作主语或宾语的同位语The theory itself is all right.
在作同位语时，自身代词常译作“本人”或“亲自”
They must make investigation themselves.他们必须亲自作调查。
与by oneself较难区分 by oneself 译为“一个人干（不要别人帮助）”
They made the machine all by themselves. 这机器完全是他们自己制造的。
2．自身代词常和某些动词连用
enjoy oneself, behave oneself(使自己举止良好),help yourself to sth. 请吃点...Come to oneself苏醒
3．常与某些介词连用
by oneself 一个人做（不要别人帮助）
for oneself替自己，自己 He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权自己决定。
in oneself 本身 This is not a bad idea in itself. 这主意本身并不错。
to oneself供自己用 She had a room to herself. 她自己住一间房。
四 相互代词
One another与each other由于表示相互关系，称为相互代词，两者的用法是差不多的。
We can help one another (each other).
We are eager to learn from each other.
五 指示代词
有this, that, these, those.
注意：
1． 前面刚提到的东西，英语中常用that (或those)表示。
e.g. ①We have no time to do it. That’s our trouble.
②The umbrella you bought yesterday is cheaper than that I bought a moment ago.
③Generally speaking,the weather in the south is warmer than that in the north.
(注：that指代可单＝the one，亦可指代抽象的不可数名词。)
2. 指下面要谈到的事物时，常用this, 表示。
I want to know this: has John been here?
3 those在下面的这种类型的句子里常出现，表示人们或东西（后面多有一定定语修饰）
Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
The students in Class 1 are more active than those in Class 2.
.(注：those指代可数名词的复数＝the ones。)
六 疑问代词
有who, whom, whose, what, which都是来构成特殊问句的。Who通常做主语和表语，whom做宾语。
1 what, who 一般来说，what 问的是职业或地位，who问的是姓名。
----What was her husband?
---- He was a lawyer.
比较 ---- who was her husband?
----- He was John Smith, the son of a famous writer.
2 which, what
Which用于已知情况的选择，其后可以跟of, 而what用于未知情况的疑问，其后不能跟of.
What fruit do you like best?
Which do you like better, oranges or apples?
3 在以这类代词做主语时，后面的动词可以用复数形式，也可以用单数形式，要看所代表的人或物是复数还是单数来决定。e.g. Who live(s) in this room?
如果不清楚代表的东西是复数还是单数，则动词多用单数形式。
-----What’s there on the desk?
----- There’re some books on it.
七.连接代词：疑问代词都可以用作连接代词，来引起主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句。（注：不管何种从句我们的原则是“缺什么补什么”且语序要用陈述语序，即引导词位于句首其后的语序用主谓∕系结构，that只有引导定语从句才在定从中充当句子成分其它任何情况下均不充当句子成分，只起引导词的作用，若“句意完整无疑问”我们用that引导名词性从句，若含“是否之意又不缺句子成分”用if∕whether引导名从）。
①Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.
②What I really care about is whether it works or not.
③That china is a great socialist country is well known.
④The idea that the earth is round is not a new one.
⑤I didn′t know what had happened until he told me the news.
⑥After 5 hours′drive,they got to what they thought was the place they had been dreaming of.
⑦When will the person who you think is up to the task come to work?
⑧How he worked it out is still a secret.
代词what有时可以用来表示the thing which这种意思。
We should never pretend to know what we don’t know.
2 who(m), which, what等可以和ever构成合成词，和前面所提到的疑问代词一样，引导名从。
whatever［=anything﹨everything that或any ］, whichever (=anyone who∕anything that…)whoever (=anyone who) , whomever (=anyone whom…)whosever(﹦anyone whose) 等可用于引导名词性从句。这类引导词均相当于“先行词＋关系代词”，没有疑问语气，但没有ever的引导词which, who等却依含有疑问意味。如：
①The poor young man is ready to accept whatever (=any) help he can get. 那个年青人意愿接受能得到的任何帮助。
②Whoever (=Anyone who) comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。
③This kind of book is of great help to whoever wants to do the job. 你们之中谁想要，我就给谁。
④You should give it back to whosever(﹦anyone whose)name is on the cover of the book.
注：这类词也可引导状语从句，可用“no matter+疑问词”替换，“no matter+疑问词”只引导让步状语从句且用逗号和主句隔开。如：
Whoever (=No matter who) you are, you can’t pass this way. 不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过.
﹍﹍﹍﹍will come to help with my English hasn′t been decided.
A .No matter who B.Whoever C.Whatever D.Who
案D只有D带有疑问口气.
八． 不定代词：
英语中有下面这些不定代词：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no.以及一些复合不定代词，如：anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everything, nobody, nothing.
1.some, any和no的用法
1). some /any+可数名词复数/不可数名词
2). some用于肯定句或期待肯定应答的疑问句。any用于疑问句或否定句，在肯定句中表示“任何一个”
Would you like some tea?
You can ask me if you have any questions.
3). some of +代词宾格复数∕+ the + 名词复数
I know some of them, but not all.
（注：当any及any系列词表任何之意时可用在肯定句，如：Anything may happen in the world, which is commen
in our real life.）
4). no+可数名词/不可数名词 no=not a/not any
I have no car. ( I have not a car.)
We had no bread for breakfast. (We had not any bread for breakfast.)
Exercise : Fill in the blanks with some, any or no
1). I asked her for _______ paper, but she didn’t have _______. some any
2). Would you like to have _______ bananas? Yes, I’d like to. some
3). Lucy has _______ bike and she often rides her sister’s bike. no
4). ______ of the plants grow well. Some
5). There is _______ air on the moon. no
There isn't ____ paper in the box. Will you go and get ____ for me?
A．any; some　B．any; any　C．some; some　D．some; any A

2.few, a few, little, a little的用法：
词\类目
含  义
语  气
修饰或代替的名词
few
很少几个
否定
复数可数名词
a few
有几个
肯定
复数可数名词
little
很少，不多
否定
不可数名词
a little
有一点
肯定
不可数名词
Exercise:
1). I have a little good friends in our class.(改错) a little----a few
A B C D
2). There is little water in the bottle, ______ _______?
(补全反意疑问句) is there
3)．There is ____ water here; but there are quite ____ empty glasses.
A．little; a few B．few; little　C．few; a few D．little; a little A
4). Kate is a nice girl. She says _____ but do much. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little c
3.some，any, no, every与-thing，-body，-one构成的合成词的用法
some，any与-thing，-body，-one构成的合成词的用法与some，any一样。
something, somebody和someone用于肯定句
anything, anybody和anyone用于否定句或疑问句
注意：
1).这些代词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Everything is hard at the beginning.
2). something，anything，nothing三者跟形容词时,形容词要放在它们的后面。
Be quiet! I have ____ to tell you.
A．important anything B．anything important C．important something　 D．something important D
4.both和all的用法：
1). both “两者都 ” ；all “三者或以上都”
2). both+名词复数 Both suggestions are good.
both of +代词宾格复数 Both of my parents are healthy.
both of + the+名词复数
3). all + the+名词复数/不可数名词All the oil has been used up.
all of +代词宾格复数 All of them go to the movies.
all of + the+名词复数 All of the windows are open.
5.both, either和neither的用法：
both：指两者都，肯定。后面的名词要用复数，谓语动词用复数。
either：指两者中的任意一个。后面的名词要用单数，谓语动词用单数。
neither：指两者中没有一个，全否定。后面的名词要用单数，谓语动词用单数。
例如: My brother and I saw 2 movies last night,neither of which was interesting.
both…and… 作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式.
either …or… “不是……就是; 或者……或者”. 连接的并列结构作主语时,谓语坚持就近原则
neither…nor… “既不…又不…
Exercise:
1).Both Li Ping and I ____ (be) students. are
2).Neither Li Ping nor I ____ (be) a student. am
3).Either this answer or that answer ____ (be) correct. is
4).Both (of them) ______ (enjoy) the rice. enjoy
5). They were all asleep. _____ of them heard the sound. A. All B. Both C. None D. Neither c
6).---May I use your pen?
---Yes, here are two and you can use _____ of them. A. both B. every C. any D. either d
7). Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk ?
_____, thanks. I’d just like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None b
8)．There are some trees on ____ side of the street.
　 A．both　 B．all　 C．Either D．everyC
6.each和every的用法：
1).each强调个体(指一定数目的两者或两者以上，可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语。做主语谓语动词用单数。)
every强调“全体”,只能作定语(后面必须跟着名词，指不定数目中的每一个)。
Each boy and each girl works hard every day in order to enter the dreamy college。
Each side of the street has a lot of trees.
Every man is not honest.并非每个人都诚实。＝Not every man is honest.
On ________ side of the street there are shops and restaurants. each
On __________ side of the square there are tall buildings. Each/every
3). every还可以表示“每隔…的；每…中的”
Every year or two每一两年every other day每隔一天
4). and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
Exercise:
1). --- How often are the Olympic Games held?
--- ____ four years. A. Every B. Each C. In D. For A
2). There are many trees on ____ side of the street. A. all B. every C. neither D. each d
3). ____ of them has a dictionary and ____ one of them can look up words in the dictionary
A．Each; every B．Every; each C．Each; each D．Every; every a
4).There are lots of English books here, and ____ of them is easy to understand.
　 A．both　 B．all　 C．every　 D．each D
5)．____ of them has a dictionary and ____ one of them can look
up words in the dictionary.
A．Each; every B．Every; each　C．Each; each　 D．Every; every A
改错：
1). I gave a present to every of her parents . every改each
2). There are lots of English books here, and every of them is easy to understand. every改each
7.one, (the) other , (the) others和another的用法
1). one:一个…, 代指前面出现过的同类可数名词，复数为ones。
2). another经常指三者或三者以上中的另一个，意思是“另外一个表在原有基础上的又，再”，是泛指。I don’t like this coat. Show me another, please.
another +数字+复数名词：另外几个 We need another 3 plates.
3).other表示“另外的”，只作定语;other+名词复数=others (没有范围限定）
当other 前 no, any, some 等词时，可接单数形式。 e.g. any other plant, some other day(改天)，no other choice.
4).the other,两者中的另一个。常与one连用，构成one…the other (一个。。。另一个)
5).others泛指别的人或物，是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部，全部是“the others”）e.g. some… others
6).the others特指其余的人或物,是the other的复数形式。
Exercise:
用another和other、others
1). Lei Feng is always ready to help ________. others
2). Some are planting trees, some are carrying water, and ______ are watering the trees . others
3). I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red , the _______ are blue. others
4). She held a pen in one hand and his notebook in the ________. other
5). I have read three stories. I’ll go on to read ________. Others/another
6). Can I have _________ three cakes? another
7). The red T-shirts are more expensive than the white _______. One
These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me ____ one.
A．other　 B．others　 C．the others　D．another D
There are twenty teachers in this grade．Eight of them are women teachers and ____ are men teachers.
A．the otherB．the others　C．others D．other B
8. none, no one, nothing的用法区别
1).no one=nobody
只能指人，但不具体指什么人。不与of连用；
谓语动词用单数；
表示“什么人也没有”，一般用来回答who,及含anyone, anybody引起的疑问句。
No one like a person with bad manners.
——Who is in the room?——No one.
——Is there anyone in the room?——No one.
2).none(一个都没有，一点都没有，强调数量)
可与of连用，具体指什么人或物；
谓语动词用单或复数；
指的是三者或三者以上的人或物中"没有一个“, 代指上文提到的事物，含特指概念。暗示一种数量，即指数量上“一个也没有”。一般用来回答how many +n, how much +n及含any +n引起的疑问句。请看：
None of us have/has seen him.
He wants me to lend him some money, but I have none at hand.（特指前面提到的钱）
——How many students are there in the room? ——None.
——How much money do you have on you? ——None.
——Is there any water in the bottle? ——None.
3).nothing
指物,泛指；谓语用单数；强调内容。
一般用来回答含anything的一般问句及what引起的特殊问句。
He felt hungry, but he could find nothing to eat in the kitchen.（泛指所有吃的东西，不是特指某一种）
——What is in the box? ——Nothing.
——Is there anything in the sky? ——Nothing.
——Can you see anything without glasses? ——Nothing.
下面的顺口溜将帮你记得更清楚。
　No one与none好分辨。/具体人，物把none填。
　不知何人与何物，/No one， nothing是一路。
　No one人nothing物，/保你不会出错误。
Exercise :
1.There is _________ in the room. no one
2.________ of the students is afraid of difficulties . None
3. --How many fish did you catch? None
--______.
4.--Who is in the classroom?
--_________. No one=Nobody
They were all very tired, but ____ of them would stop to take a rest.
A．any　 B．Some 　C．none　 D．neither C
9. 全部否定和部分否定
1）.All, both, everyone, everybody, everything 和every加名词都表示全部肯定，no one, none, nobody, nothing, not…any 和no +名词都表示全部否定；但当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not在他们之前还是之后都表示部分否定；
e.g. Both of them haven’t read this story. (not在后) 他们两人并没有都看过这个故事。
＝only one of them has read this story.
All bamboo doesn’t grow tall=not all bamboo grows tall.并非所有竹子都长得高。
全部否定的例子：all of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem.
2） 总括性副词如everywhere, always, altogether, wholly和not连用时，也表示部分否定。
Such a thing can’t be found everywhere. 这种事并非到处可见。（部分否定）
Such a thing can be found nowhere.这种事什么地方也见不到。（全否）
It作代词时一般替代前面提到的同一事物，可以代替单数可数名词，也可以代替不可数名词。
ONE 用来代替同类事物中的一个，只可代替可数名词，表示同类泛指，复数形式是ones，有时one 可以有修饰词。
THAT 用来代替同类事物中的特指的一个，表示同类特指，即可代替单数名词（替代可数名词用those）也可替代不可数名词。其代替可数名词单数时相当于the one .
Key: 1—8ADDDDACC
代词it的用法
（一）
it的用法主要体现在以下几个方面：作为人称代词的it，先行代词的it，非人称代词的it以及强调句中的it和it的一些习惯用法。
1. it指代前文出现的同一事物、群体、经验、活动等。可以代替一个词、词组或整个句子，以免重复。
That wasn’t where you had dinner，was it？
If you remember these points，it will help you.
I love running. It keeps me fit.
it也可指代婴孩或姓名∕性别不详的人。
Do you hear a baby crying？Something must have hurt it.
Who is making so much noise？It must be the children.
Somebody is knocking at the door. I don’t know who it is.
Who is it? 未见具体人，不同于Who is that ？见到具体某人，但不相识。
2. it用作非人称代词的主语，表示气候、天气、温度、时间、地点、距离等或虚指的情境。
It’s Sunday tomorrow,so we are all going to church.
It’s five miles to the nearest station from here.
It was dull when Tom was away.
It seems that no one would like to help you.
3. it充当形主或形宾
①It is of great help to master a foreign language.
②It took me a week to recite the text.
③I find it quite necessary to make some changes.
代指动名词，可作形式主语或形式宾语，常用在下列句型中
It is no good（no use，useless）＋动名词①It is no use∕good crying over spilt milk.
It is a waste＋动名词①It is a waste of time arguing