初一英语(不)可数名词及用some和any表示数量.doc

（不）可数名词及用some和any表示数量

一、（不）可数名词
英语中的名词按其表示的事物性质的不同可分为可数名词与不可数名词。这两种名词在用法上是有区别的，现归纳如下：
1 可数名词有单数、复数之分，如：map→maps；onion→onions；baker→bakers
    不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。如：some water；a lot of bread
2单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a(an)；而不可数名词不能a(an)。如：
    Li Hong is a driver.I am a teacher. 李红是一名司机，我是一名教师。
    We can’t see milk on the table. 我们看不见桌上有牛奶。
[友情提醒]在表示特指时，不可数名词和可数名词前都要用定冠词the，如：
    Pass me the ball，please. 请把球传给我。
    The chicken on the plate is yours. 盘子里的鸡肉是你的
3可数名词表示复数意义时可用many等词修饰。如：many apples；a lot of tomatoes；a few pens
不可数名词则要用much、a little等词修饰。如：much meat a little bread little water
[友情提醒]这两类名词都可以被some、any、a lot of(lots of)等修饰。如：some eggs/paper(纸)。A lot of (lots of) knives/orange juice
4可数名词前通常可用具体的数词来修饰。如：three women ten babies
不可数名词表示数量的多少时，必须与表示数量的名词连用，即“数词+表示数量的名词(可数名词)+of+不可数名词”。如：
 two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶     five pieces of bread 五片面包
5可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数与主语的单、复数须保持一致。
不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。如：
   There is some rice in the bowl.碗里有些米饭。
　 All the students are in the classroom.所有的学生都在教室里。
[友情提醒]如果不可数名词前有复数名词短语修饰时，谓语动词须用复数形式。如：There are two bags of rice in the room. 房间里有两袋大米。
6对可数名词的数量提问用how many；对不可数名词的数量提问要用how much，但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many。如：
    I can see two pictures on the wall. → How many pictures can you see on the wall?
There is a lot of pork in the basket. → How much pork is there in the basket?
I want three glasses of water. → How many glasses of water do you want?
7另外，有些集合名词也是可数名词，但不同的是，它们以单数形式出现，表示复数概念，如people，police，family等；而有些可数名词本身就以复数形式出现，如clothes，glasses(眼镜)等；有的可数名词单、复数形式相同，如Japanese，sheep，Chinese等。如：
    The Chinese people are hardworking and brave.中国人民勤劳勇敢。
    The sports clothes are new. 这些运动服是新的。
I have one sheep. He has two sheep. 我有一只羊，他有两只羊。
练习
1. I want to buy ________.
A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks
2. They don’t have to do _______ today.
A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks
3. There are three ______ and seven ______ in the picture.
A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps
4. June 1 is _______.
A. children’s day B. children’s Day C. Children’s Day D. Children’s day
5. ______ room is next to their parents’.
A. Kate’s and Joan’s B. Kate’s and Joan C. Kate and Joan’s D. Kate and Joan
6. Miss Green is a friend of _______.
A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother C. Mary mother’s D. mother’s of Mary
7. Sheep _______ white and milk _______ also white.
A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are
8. I’d like to have a glass of milk and _______.
A. two breads B. two pieces of breads
C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread
9. Many ______ are singing over there.
A. woman B. women C. girl D. child
10. He bought _______.
A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes
C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe
11. Mr. White has three _______.
A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens
12. ---Are these ______? --- No, they aren’t. They’re _______.
A. sheep, cows B. sheep, cow C. sheeps, cow D. sheeps, cows
13. There are many ______ in the fridge.
A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread
14. --- Whose room is this? --- It’s _______.
A. Li Ming B. Li Ming’s C. Li Mings D. Li Mings’
15. Here are ______ for you, Sue.
A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three tomatos D. some tomato
16. Here are some birthday cards with our best ______ for her.
A. wish B. hope C. wishes D. hopes
17. I always go to that ______ to buy food on Sunday.
A. shop B. park C. zoo D. garden
18. ______ room is on the 5th floor.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s
19. Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ________.
A. two orange B. two bottle of oranges
C. two bottles of orange D. two bottles of oranges
20. How wonderful! The ______ is made of _______.
A. house, glass B. house, glasses C. houses, glass D. houses, glasses

二、some和any表示数量

some意为“一些”、“几个”,通常用于肯定句中。现将其主要用法归纳如下:
1 some作形容词用时,可以修饰复数可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。例如:
　　There are some students in the classroom. 教室里有几个学生。
　　There is some milk in the glass. 杯子里有一些牛奶。
2 some作代词用时,可在句中作主语或宾语。例如:
　　Some of the boys are playing games now. 有几个男孩现在正在做游戏。
　　I have no paper. Please give me some. 我没有纸了,请给我一些吧。
3 some有时也可以用在疑问句或条件句中,表示请求、建议,并期望得到对方的肯定回答。它也可以用于反问句中。例如:
　　Can you give me some money? 你能给我一些钱吗?
　　Would you like some more rice? 再来点米饭好吗?
　　Why don’t you buy some flowers for her? 你为什么不给她买些花呢?
　　If you want (some), I’ll give you some. 如果你想要(一些),我就给你一些。
　　any也有“一些”的意思,但它常用在否定句、否定答语或疑问句中。其具体用法如下:
1 any作形容词用时,可以修饰可数名词的单数或复数,也可以修饰不可数名词。例如:
　　Do you have any questions to ask? 你有什么问题要问吗?
　　There isn’t any water in this bottle. 这个瓶子里没有水。
2 any作代词用时,也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何”的意思,起强调作用。例如:
　　You may take any of them. 这些东西,你随便拿哪个都行。
　　Any man with eyes in his head can see that he’s exactly like a rope. 任何一个头上长有眼睛的人都能看出,他完全像一根绳子。
3 any有时也可用于条件句中。例如:
　　If you have any time, please come to my house. 如果你有时间,请来我家(玩)。
　　If you have any, give us some. 如果你有的话,就给我们一点儿吧。

练习
用some或any填空。
　　1. I can see_____birds in the tree.
　　2. There isn’t_____orange juice in my bottle. Please give me_____ .
　　3. —Do you have_____picture-books?
　　 —No, I don’t have_____ . But I have_____story-books.
　　4. —Is there_____rice in the bag?
　　 —No, there isn’t_____ .
　　5. —Are there_____boys in the classroom?
　　 —No, but there are_____girls in it.
　　6. —Which one can I take?
　　 —You may take_____one of them.
　　7. —Would you like_____fruit juice, please?
　　 —No. I’d like_____tea.
　　8. If you have_____questions, please put up your hands.
　　9. May I ask you_____questions, Miss Wang?
　　10. Can you see_____bikes under the tree?

课后练习
一、选择填空
1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.
A. are photoes B. are photos
C. is a photo D. is photos
2. This car made in Shanghai.
A. is B .are C .were D .has
3. There are four and two in the group.
A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen
C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans
4. That’s art book.
A. an B. a C. the D are
5. The boys have got already.
A. two bread B. two breads
C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread
6. The old man wants .
A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple
C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples
7. There some in the river.
A. is, fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are, fish
8. There two in the box.
A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches
9. We should clean twice a day.
A .our tooth B. our tooths C. teeth D. our teeth
10.The _____ meeting room is near the reading room.
A. teacher B.teacher’s C.teachers’ D.teachers
11. In Britain _____ are all painted red.
A. letter boxes B.letters boxes C. letter box D.letters box
12.There are_____ birds in that big tree.
A. hundreds of B. five hundreds of
C. five hundred of D. hundred of
二 用some或any填空
1. Are there rabbits in the garden?
2. Are there children in the class?
3. There aren’t chairs in the room.
4. Are there birds in the tree?
5. There isn’t money in the bag.
6. There is coffee in the cup.
7. There are policemen in the police station.
8. Are there fish in the water.
9. Are there oranges in the basket?
10. There isn’t milk in the fridge.
11. I have tea, but I don’t have sugar.
12. Is there meat at home?
13. There were apples here a minute ago.
14. There aren’t glasses on the table.
15. Please buy me stamps at the post office.
16. There isn’t cloud in the sky. But there is rain today.
17. Are there fish in the water? Yes, there are fish in the water.
18 . There is no bike in the school. Are there children at school?
阅读理解
I have a good friend. His Chinese name is Dashan and his English name is Mark Rowswell. He is from Canada(加拿大). He can speak(说)English, and he speaks Chinese very well. He likes China very much. Now he teaches (教) English in Beijing. Dashan always has some interesting and fun things for us, so we all love him.
Dashan has a sister. She is in China, too. She is very nice. Her favorite color is purple. She likes hamburgers and vegetable salad, but her favorite food is Chinese food.
51. Dashan’s English name is Mark Rowswell, so his family name is _________.
A. Mark B. Rowswell C. Mark Rowswell
52. Now Dashan is in __________.
A. China B. Canada C. America
53. His sister’s favorite color is __________.
A. purple B. white C. yellow
54. He can speak __________ .
A. Chinese B. English C. A and B
55. His sister likes___________ best (最).
A. hamburgers B. Chinese food C. vegetable salad