初中英语现在完成时语法总结.doc

初中英语现在完成时语法总复习
一、 Topic:现在完成时

二、lead in：一般现在时（经常性动作或状态；客观事实或真理）
现在进行时（正在进行的动作或持续的状态）
一般过去时（过去发生的，或过去经常性动作，回忆过去）
过去进行时（过去正在发生的动作或状态）
一般将来时（将来动作，将来经常性动作，打算或即将发生的动作/状态）

现在完成时：表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定结束）的动作或状态。强调过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

三、presentation
1.结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他
否定句：
一般疑问句及答语：

2.用法：
表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。考试中经常伴随明显的上下文提示。常用标志词有already, yet, just, ever, never, before, so far等。
I have already finished my homework, so I can enjoy my vacation now.
I haven’t finished my homework yet.
Have you finished your homework yet?
【真题解析】
1.(2016单选)We have worked so long. Shall we stop to have a rest?
2.（2016选词填空）All of us have passed the exam. How happy we are!
3.(2015选词填空)—Where are you going on vacation this summer?
-- I haven’t planned it yet.

[already与yet的用法：already常用语肯定句中，在助动词have/has之后；yet常用于疑问句、否定句中，句末位置。含already的陈述句变为疑问句或否定句时，already改为yet，放句末。]

表示过去某一时间到现在期间反复发生的动作或多次动作的总和。常伴随once, twice, three times, how many times…? 等标志词出现
e.g. I have seen this film for 6 times. It’s so good that I want to see it again tomorrow.
【真题解析】
a.（2015单选） --How many times have Carl gone to the Great Wall?
--Only once.
A.does; go B.did; go C. has; gone D.has; been
b.(2014单选) Betty can play the piece of music very well because she many times.
A.practiced B.will practice C.is practicing D. has practiced
c.The girl can’t be Sarah. She has gone to the library.

[have been to V.S. have gone to]

表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for ＋一段时间或“since＋过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用，对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long
e.g. 1. –How long has she been here?
-- She's been at this school since five years ago．
2. I haven't seen him for three years ．
注意：①在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，
故不能与for或since引出的时间状语连用。如连用，需把短暂性动词转换为延续性动词，或
转化为be+形容词/副词/介词/名词等.(转换表见讲义末)。
【真题解析】
1.(2017填空)People in this city have planted lots of trees in the last few years.
2.Shakes Peare for 400 years, but his works still have great influence today.
A.died B. was dying C.has died D. has been dead

四、practice
I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.
1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.
3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.
6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.
8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.
9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.
10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?
11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.
12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.
13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.
14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.
15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?
III. Rewrite the sentences.
1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句)
I _________ _________ been to Macau before.
2. He hasn’t come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问)
______ _______ he come to school?
3. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改写)  
I ____ just ____ a new bike. 
4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)
  We ____ ____English ____three years
5. He has never surfed, _______ _______? （改成反意疑问句）   
6. They have been here since 2000.  (对划线部分提问)                 
    _______ _______have they been here? 
7. The old man _________ last year. He has _______ _______for a year. (die) （动词填空） 
8. Miss Gao left an hour ago.  (同义句转换) 
Miss Gao has _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.  
五、production
Make up your own sentences with present perfect tence
六、附录：延续性动词转换标
Borrow--keep
Buy—have
Catch a cold—have a cold
Put on--wear
Get to know--know
Get to sleep--sleep
Begin/start—be on
Go out—be out
Get to/arrive in/reach—be (in)
Die—be dead
Open—be open
Leave—be away
Finish—be over
Fall ill—be ill
Get up—be up
Fall asleep—be asleep
Join—be in/be a member of
Go to school—be in school
Become--be
Make friends-be friends
Come/go—be+相应的介词短语