资源描述
Exercise collections for Biochemistry
Section one: noun explanation
1. Primary structure of protein蛋白质的一级结构
2. Secondary structure of protein蛋白质的二级结构
3. Tertiary structure of protein蛋白质的三级结构
4. Quaternary structure of protein蛋白质的四级结构
5. Motifs基序
6. Domains域名
7. Molecular chaperones分子伴侣
8. Cooperativity协同
9. Protein denaturation蛋白质变性
10. Primary structure of DNA DNA的一级结构
11. Secondary structure of DNA DNA的二级结构
12. Nucleosome核小体
13. Ribozyme核酶
14. DNA denaturation DNA变性
15. Melting temperature熔融温度
16. DNA renaturation DNA的复性
17. Nucleic acid hybridization核酸杂交
18. Enzyme酶
19. Multienzyme system多酶片系统
20. Multifunctional enzyme多功能酶
21. Holoenzyme全酶
22. Coenzyme辅酶
23. Prosthetic group辅基
24. Vitamine维生素
25. Essential group of enzyme酶的重要组
26. Active center of enzyme酶的活动中心
27. Activation energy活化能
28. Specificity of enzyme特异性的酶
29. Induced-fit hypothesis诱导契合假说
30. Initial velocity初始速度
31. Michealis constant (Km) Michealis常数(公里)
32. Optimum temperature and Optimum pH最适温度和最适pH
33. Inhibitor of enzyme酶抑制剂
34. Irreversible inhibition不可逆性抑制
35. Reversible inhibition可逆的抑制作用
36. Competitive inhibition竞争性抑制
37. Activator of enzyme激活酶
38. Activity of enzyme酶活性
39. Zymogen (Proenzyme) 酶原(酶原)
40. Activation of zmogen激活的zmogen
41. Competitive inhibition竞争性抑制
42. Allosteric regulation变构调节
43. Covalent modification共价修饰
44. Indution and repression of protein biosynthesis蛋白质合成的Indution和压制
45. Isoenzymes同工酶
46. Enzyme coupled assays酶耦合分析
47. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay酶联免疫吸附试验
48. Glycolysis (narrow sense) 糖酵解(狭义)
49. Glycolytic pathway糖酵解途径
50. Substrate-level phosphorylation底物水平磷酸
51. Aerobic oxidation of glucose葡萄糖的有氧氧化
52. Pastuer effect
53. Glyconeogenesis糖原生成作用
54. Gluconeogenic pathway
55. Substrate cycle基板周期
56. Cori cycle (lactate cycle) 柯里周期(乳酸周期)
57. Pentose phosphate pathway磷酸戊糖途径
58. Favism蚕豆病
59. Glycogenesis糖原生成
60. Glycogenolysis糖原
61. Activated glucose激活葡萄糖
62. Cascade system级联系统
63. Three-carbon pathway三碳途径
64. Blood sugar血糖
65. Essential fatty acids必需脂肪酸
66. Fat mobilization脂肪动员
67. Hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase激素敏感型甘油三酯脂酶
68. Lipolytic hormone脂解激素
69. Anti-lipolytic hormone抗脂解激素
70. β-Oxidation of fatty acid脂肪酸β-氧化
71. Ketone bodies酮体
72. Citrate-pyruvate cycle柠檬酸 - 丙酮酸循环
73. Blood lipid血脂
74. Lipoprotein脂蛋白
75. LCAT and ACAT LCAT和基督徒
76. LDL-receptor metabolic pathwayLDL受体代谢途径
77. Reverse cholesterol transport胆固醇的逆向转运
78. Biological oxidation生物氧化
79. Citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) 柠檬酸循环(三羧酸循环)
80. Oxidation-reduction potential (redox potential) 氧化还原电位(氧化还原电位)
81. Electron transport chain (Respiratory chain) 电子传递链(呼吸链)
82. Oxidative phosphorylation氧化磷酸化
83. P/O ratio P / O比值
84. Respiratory control呼吸控制
85. Uncouplers解偶联剂
86. Photosynthesis光合作用
87. The light reactions光反应
88. The dark reactions (carbon-fixation reactions) 暗反应(碳固定反应)
89. Photosystem光系统
90. Essential amino acids必需氨基酸
91. Complementary effect of food proteins食物中蛋白质的互补效应
92. Putrefaction of proteins腐烂的蛋白质
93. Ubiquitination marker泛素标记
94. Metabolic pool of amino acids氨基酸的代谢池
95. Transamination转胺基作用
96. Oxidative deamination氧化脱氨
97. Conjunctive deamination结膜脱氨
98. Purine nucleotide cycle嘌呤核苷酸循环
99. Alanine-glucose cycle丙氨酸 - 葡萄糖循环
100. Ornithine cycle (urea cycle) 鸟氨酸循环(尿素循环)
101. One carbon unit一碳单位
102. Methionine cycle蛋氨酸循环
103. The nitrogen cycle氮循环
104. Biological nitrogen fixation生物固氮
105. Nitrogen assimilation氮同化
106. de novo synthesis of purine nucleotaide从头合成嘌呤救助途径
107. Salvage pathways of pyrimidine nucleotide嘧啶核苷酸的救助途径
108. Anti-metabolite of nucleotide synthesis核苷酸合成的抗代谢
109. Central dogma中心法则
110. DNA replication DNA复制
111. Semi-conservative replication半保守复制
112. Semi-discontinuous replication半不连续复制
113. Replication forks复制叉
114. Replicon复制子
115. Prepriming complex引物预合成复合体
116. Leading strand and lagging strand领导链和滞后链
117. Klelow fragment Klelow片段
118. Okazaki fragments冈崎片段
119. Reverse transcription反转录
120. Mutation突变
121. Spontaneous mutation自发突变
122. Mutagenesis突变
123. DNA damage DNA损伤
124. Point mutation点突变
125. Deletion and insertion删除和插入
126. Frame-shift mutation移码突变
127. DNA Repair DNA修复
128. Transcription转录
129. Structural gene结构基因
130. Asymmetric transcription不对称转录
131. Coding strand编码链
132. Heat shock proteins (Hsp) 热休克蛋白(HSP)
133. Transcription bubble转录泡沫
134. Pre-initiation complex (PIC) 前起始复合物(PIC)
135. Split gene拆分基因
136. Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) 小核核糖核蛋白(snRNP)
137. Splicesome
138. Exon外显子
139. Intron内含子
140. rDNA rDNA序列
141. Translation翻译
142. Genetic codon遗传密码子
143. Open reading frame (ORF) 开放阅读框(ORF)
144. Degeneracy简并
145. Wobble摇晃
146. Actiation of amino acid Actiation的氨基酸
147. Shine-Dalgarno sequence (ribosomal binding site) 服务Dalgarno序列(核糖体结合位点)
148. Ribosomal cycle核糖体循环
149. Transpeptidase and Translocase
150. Release factor (RF) 释放因子(RF)
151. Polyribosome多核蛋白体,多核糖体
152. Folding of nascent polypeptide chain新生肽链的折叠
153. Protein targeting蛋白质定位
154. Signal sequence信号序列
155. Signal peptide信号肽
156. Signal recognition particles (SRP) 信号识别颗粒(SRP)
157. Antibiotics抗生素
158. Inteferon (IF) Inteferon(中频)
159. Genome基因组
160. Gene expression基因表达
161. Temporal specificity (stage specificity) 时空特异性(阶段特异性)
162. Spatial specificity (tissue specificity) 空间特异性(组织特异性)
163. Housekeeping geng
164. Constitutive geng expression
165. Induction and repression诱导和压制
166. Coordinate expression坐标表达式
167. Operon操纵子
168. Pribnow box Pribnow盒
169. Cis-acting element顺式作用元件
170. Hogness box Hogness盒
171. Trans-acting factors反式作用因子
172. Transcriptional factors (TF) 转录因子(TF)
173. Heat shock response热休克反应
174. Enhancer增强子
175. Homologous recombination (general recombination) 同源重组(一般重组)
176. Conjugation共轭
177. Transformation转型
178. Transduction转导
179. Site-specific recombination位点特异性重组
180. Transposition换位
181. DNA cloning (molecular cloning) DNA克隆(分子克隆)
182. Recombinant DNA technology重组DNA技术
183. Target gene靶基因
184. Restriction endonuclease限制性内切酶
185. Palindrome回文
186. Cloning vector克隆载体
187. Expression vector表达载体
188. Plasmid质粒
189. Genomic DNA library基因组DNA文库
190. cDNA library cDNA文库
191. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 聚合酶链反应(PCR)
192. Competent cell感受态细胞
193. Transformed cell转化细胞
194. Gene diagnosis基因诊断
195. Gene therapy基因疗法
196. Signal transduction信号转导
197. Synaptic signal (neurotransmitter) 突触信号(神经递质)
198. Endocrine signal (endocrine hormone) 内分泌信号(内分泌激素)
199. Paracrine signal (local chemical medium) 旁分泌信号(局部化学介质)
200. Autocrine signal自分泌信号
201. Intracellular signaling molecule细胞内的信号分子
202. Secondary messenger第二的使者
203. Tertiary messenger第三信使
204. Receptor受体
205. Ligand配体
206. Protein kinase A (PKA) 蛋白激酶A(PKA)
207. Protein kinase C (PKC) 蛋白激酶C(PKC)
208. Calmodulin (CaM) 钙调蛋白(CAM)
209. Tyrosine-protein kinase (TPK) 酪氨酸蛋白激酶(TPK)
210. ALA synthase ALA合成酶
211. Erythropoietin (EPO) 促红细胞生成素(EPO的)
212. Biotransformatin
213. Primary bile acids 初级胆汁酸
214. Secondary bile acids 次级胆汁酸
215. Bile acids Enterohepatic circulation胆汁酸的肝肠循环
216. Bile pigments胆色素
217. Conjugated bilirubin结合胆红素
218. Unconjugated bilirubin未结合胆红素
219. Bilinogen enterohepatic circulation Bilinogen肝肠循环
220. Jaundice黄疸
Section two: single selection第二部分:单项选择
1. Which of the following is coding amino acid? ( )
A. Cystine B. Tyrosine
C. Ornithine D. Citrulline
1。以下是编码氨基酸? ()
A.胱氨酸B.酪氨酸
C.鸟D.瓜氨酸
2. The amino acid containing a hydroxyl group is ( ).
A. Glutamate B. Phenylalanine
C. Tryptophan D. Tyrosine
2。氨基酸含有羟基组是()。
A.谷氨酸B.苯丙氨酸
C.色氨酸D.酪氨酸
3. The amino acid containing a sulfhydryl group is ( ).
A. Ser B. Cys
C. His D. Met E. Thr
3。包含巯基的氨基酸是()。
A.丝氨酸B.半胱氨酸
C.他的D.气象E.苏氨酸
4. The amino acid containing a imidazole(咪唑)group is ( ).
A. Trp B. Try
C. His D. Phe E. Arg
4。氨基酸,含有咪唑组(咪唑)是()。
答:色氨酸b.尝试
C.他的D.苯丙氨酸E.精氨酸
5. The amino acid which does not exist in natural proteins is ( ).
A. cysteine B. citrulline
C. methionine D.glycine E. lysine
5。不存在于天然蛋白质的氨基酸是()。
A.半胱氨酸B.瓜氨酸
C.蛋氨酸D.glycine大肠杆菌赖氨酸
6. The amino acid occurring at turn structure of a peptide chain is ( ).
A. proline B. Cysteine
C. glutamate D. methionine E. alanine
6。又一条肽链结构发生的氨基酸是()。
答:脯氨酸二半胱氨酸
C.谷氨酸D.蛋氨酸E.丙氨酸
7. The structural level that functional proteins have at least is ( ).
A. primary structure B. secondary structure
C. tertiary structure D. quaternary structure
E. to link with prosthetic group
7。功能蛋白的结构层次,至少是()。
A.一级结构B.二级结构
C.三级结构D.四级结构
(五)链接与辅基
8. The chemical bond to maintain primary structure of proteins is ( ).
A. peptide bond B. hydrogen bond C. hydrophobic bond D. salt bond
8。保持蛋白质的一级结构的化学键是()。
A.肽键B.氢键C.疏水键D.盐债券
9. Which of the following structure does the myoglobin have? ( ).
A. primary structure B. α-helix C. β-pleated sheet
D. tertiary structure E. quaternary structure
9。肌红蛋白有以下结构? ()。
A.一级结构B.α-螺旋C.β-折叠
D.三级结构E.四级结构
10. Which of the following can be called an oligomeric protein?
A. insulin B. lactate dehydrogenase
C. Myoglobin D. pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
10。下列哪一项可以被称为寡聚蛋白?
A.胰岛素B.乳酸脱氢酶
C.肌红蛋白D.丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物
11. Which of the following is not a conjugated protein.( )
A. albumin B. dehydrogenase
C. hemoglobin D. lipoprotein
11。下列哪一项不是偶联蛋白()
A.白蛋白B.脱氢酶
C.血红蛋白D.脂蛋白
12. Which pH solution of the following does serum albumins (pI = 4.7) have positive charges in? ( )
A. pH4.0 B. pH5.0 C. pH6.0 D. pH7.0 E. pH8.0
12。其中pH值以下的解决方案做血清白蛋白(PI = 4.7)有正面的收费吗? ()
答:PH4.0 B. PH5.0三pH6.0的D. pH8.0 pH7.0的大肠杆菌
13. Essential of protein denaturation is ( ).
A. break of peptide bonds B. rupture of hydrogen bonds
C. break of secondary bonds D. rupture of disulfide bonds
13。蛋白质变性至关重要的是()。
A.打破肽键B.氢键破裂
D. C.二级债券打破二硫键断裂
14. The base is found in mRNA but not in DNA is ( ).
A. A B. C C. G D. T E. U
14。该基地是在mRNA,但不是在DNA是()
15. The common composition of DNA and RNA is ( ).
A. D-ribose B. D-2-deoxyribose C. guanine D. uracil E. thymine
15。共同构成DNA和RNA是()。
A. D -核糖B. D - 2 -脱氧核糖C.鸟嘌呤D.尿嘧啶E.胸腺嘧啶
16. Essential of DNA denaturation is ( ).
A. break of phosphodiester bonds B. rupture of hydrogen bonds
C. break of secondary bonds D. destruction of base stacking
16。 DNA变性的本质是()。
A.磷酸二酯键断裂B.氢键破裂
C.打破二级债券D.破坏堆叠基地
17. If the content of base A is 15% in a double strand DNA molecule, that of base C is ( ).
A. 15% B. 35% C. 55% D. 75% E. 85%
17。如果基地的内容,一个是在一个双链DNA分子,15%的基础C是()。
A. 15%B. 35%C. 55%D. 75%E. 85%
18. The higher the melting point of the DNA, the higher its content of ( ) base pairs.
A. A + T B. A + G C. C + T D. G + C
18。 DNA的熔点越高,其内容()个碱基对。
19. Accurate description about hnRNA is ( ).
A. as long as mRNA B. primary mRNA
C. found in cytosol D. capable of catalysis itself
19。有关hnRNA的准确描述是()。
答:只要作为mRNA的B.小学的mRNA
C.发现细胞质D.能催化本身
20. The 5′ end of mRNA in most eukaryotes has ( ).
A. SD sequence B. cap structure C. poly A D. initiation codon
20。大多数真核生物mRNA的5'端有()。
A. SD序列B.结构封顶三聚甲D.起始密码子
21. The codon (encoding Ala.) in mRNA reversely complementary pairing with anticodon UGC in tRNA is ( ).
A. ACG B. AUG C. GCA D. GCT E. TCG
21。教资会在tRNA的反密码子密码子与mRNA的反向互补配对(编码阿拉巴马州)是()。
答:ACG的B.八月三GCA的D. GCT的大肠杆菌TCG
22. Nucleic acid rich of the minor (稀有) bases is ( ).
A. mRNA B. tRNA C. rRNA D. snRNA
22。核酸丰富的未成年人(稀有)基地是()。
答tRNA的基因B. C. D. snRNA的rRNA的
23. An enzyme facilitates chemical reaction by ( ).
A. increasing the free-energy difference between reactants and products.
B. decreasing the free-energy difference between reactants and products.
C. lowering the activation energy of the reaction.
D. raising the activation energy of the reaction.
23。一种酶促进化学反应()。
A.增加反应物和产物之间的自由能的差异。
B.降低反应物和产物之间的自由能的差异。
C.降低反应的活化能。
D.提高反应的活化能。
24. In eukaryotes, the major RNA of participation in hnRNA splicing and transport is ( ).
A. snRNA B. snoRNA C. scRNA D. rRNA
24。在真核生物中,参与hnRNA剪接和运输的主要RNA是()。
答snRNA的B. snoRNA的C. scRNA D. rRNA的
25. The specificity of enzyme is determined by ( ).
A. coenzyme B. apoprotein C. prosthetic group D. metal ion
25。酶的特异性是由()。
答:辅酶B.载脂蛋白C。假肢D组金属离子
26. In vivo, which of following vitamins can be converted into NAD+and NADP+? ( )
A. VitB1 B. VitB2 C. VitB6 D. VitPP
26。在体内,下面的维生素,可转换成NAD +和NADP +? ()
A. VitB 1 B. VitB 2 C VitB 6 D. VitPP
27. Which VitB of the following is the composition of CoA? ( )
A. Riboflavin B. Folic acid
C. Pantothenic acid D. Biotin
27。下列哪VitB是辅酶A的组成? ()
答:核黄素B.叶酸
C.泛酸D.生物素
28. VitB which can act as a prosthetic group directly without conversion is ( ).
A. VitB2 B. Folic acid
C. Pantothenic acid D. Biotin
28。 VitB,可以作为假肢组,无需转换直接是()。
A. VitB 2 B.叶酸
C.泛酸D.生物素
29. If the enzymatic velocity is 90% of Vmax, [S] should be ( ) times of Km.
A. 4.5 B. 9 C. 8 D. 5 E. 90
29。如果酶的速度是90%的VMAX,[S]应()公里的时候。
A. 4.5 B. 10 C. 8 D. 4 E. 90
30. The effect of competitive inhibitor on enzyme-catalyzed velocity is ( ).
A. Km increased, Vmax unchanged
B. Km decreased, Vmax decreased
C. Km unchanged, Vmax decreased
D. Km decreased, Vmax increased
E. Km decreased, Vmax unchanged
30。的竞争性抑制剂的酶催化速度的影响是()。
A.公里增加,VMAX不变
B.公里下降,VMAX下降
三公里不变,VMAX下降
四公里下降,VMAX增加
E.公里下降,VMAX不变
31. Which of the following is the competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase? ( )
A. Malate B. Malonate
C. Oxaloacetate D. Pyruvate
31。下列哪项是琥珀酸脱氢酶的竞争性抑制剂? ()
A.苹果酸乙丙二
C.草酰乙酸D.丙酮酸
32. Analog of sulfonamide is ( ).
A. folic acid (FA)
B. dihydrofolic acid (DHFA)
C. tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA)
D. paraaminobenzoic acid (PABA)
E. glutamate
32。磺模拟的是()。
答:叶酸(FA)
B. dihydrofolic酸(DHFA)
C.四氢酸(THFA)
D. paraaminobenzoic酸(PABA)
E.谷氨酸
33. The effect of noncompetitive inhibitor on enzyme-catalyzed velocity is ( ).
A. Km increased, Vmax unchanged B. Km decreased, Vmax decreased
C. Km unchanged, Vmax decreased D. Km decreased, Vmax increased,
E. Km decreased, Vmax unchanged
33。非竞争性抑制剂的酶催化速度的影响是()。
A.公里增加VMAX不变B.公里下降,VMAX下降
三公里不变,VMAX下降四公里下降,VMAX增加,
E.公里下降,VMAX不变
34. Which of the following is not the mechanism for enzymic activity regulation in cells? ( )
A. Binding of regulatory peptides via disulfide bonds
B. Proteolysis
C. Covalent modification
D. Induced changed in conformation34。下列哪一个不是在细胞中酶的活性调节机制? ()
A.结合调节肽通过二硫键
B.蛋白水解
C.共价修饰
D.诱导改变构象
35. Which amino acid residue does the covalent modification in th form of phosphorylation takes place in? ( )
A. Phe B. Cys C. Lys D. Trp E. Ser
35。 TH
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