《英语语法》ModuleThree---独立主格结构省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,Absolute Construction,独立主格结构,第1页,Brief Introduction,从,功效,上来看，独立主格部分在句中作状语，能够表示,原因、条件、结果或伴随状态。,从,语法角度,来看，带有独立主格句子依然是简单句，即使小句（此处指独立主格部分）和主句主语完全不一样，不过在小句和主句之间,没有任何关联词,。,独立主格结构主要有两种形式，一是含有,小句,（小句中有主语和动词非谓语形式）独立主格结构,;,另一个是,with,或,without,后接小句,形式。,第2页,3.1 clausal,型,3.2,独立主格结构中动词形式,3.3 with/without,引导,第3页,3.1 clausal,型,(,小句采取独立主格结构,),小句采取独立主格结构必须满足几个条件：,1,）该句主语与主句,主语不一致,；,2,）小句和主句都,没有连接词,来引导；,3,）小句和主句之间用,逗号隔开,；,4,）小句和主句存在某种,逻辑关系,。,第4页,小句,+,主句,独立主格结构出现在主句之前,用来表示主句原因或条件。,第5页,1,）,cause,表示原因,So many directors being absent,the board meeting had to be put off.,因为很多董事缺席，董事会不得不延期举行。,All flights having been canceled,because of the storm,they had to go there by train.,全部航班因风暴都取消了，他们只好乘火车去那儿。,第6页,Alice being used to that kind of life,its hard for her to adjust to the change.,爱丽丝习惯了那种生活方式，所以极难适应新改变。,There being no more questions for discussion,they put an end to the meeting.,因为没有其它问题要讨论，他们结束了会议。,第7页,2,）,condition,表示条件,Weather permitting,we will go outing this Sunday.,天气能够话，我们本周日出去郊游。,Time permitting,we will pay a visit to him before we leave.,假如时间允许话，我们离开之前往看看他。,第8页,All things considered,the planned trip will have to be called off.,综合考虑后，只有取消旅行计划。,The meat cooked in wine,youll find it tastes much better.,肉里若放入酒烹调，你会发觉味道好多了。,第9页,主句,+,小句,独立主格结构也能够放在主句后面，表示伴随状态或结果。,第10页,1,）,accompaniment,表示伴随,They stood silently,their eyes fixed on the painting.,他们一动不动地站在那儿，眼睛盯着那幅画。,We rowed the boat to the seashore,the fisherman guiding us.,我们把船划向海边，一位渔夫做我们向导。,第11页,He sat in front of the desk,his mind wandering.,他坐在书桌前，思绪不知飘向何方。,The poor man stood by the window,his hands covered with blood.,这个可怜家伙站在窗前，手上沾满了血。,第12页,2,）,result,表示结果,We left the meeting,there obviously being no point in staying.,我们离开了会场，因为留下来显然没有什么意义了。,They returned home late at night,their mother having fallen into sleep.,他们很晚回去，到家时妈妈已经睡着了。,第13页,3.2,独立主格结构中动词形式,独立主格中动词形式取决于该小句中动词与前面主语关系。,假如动作正在进行，就用现在分词（如,doing,），主语和动作组成主动关系。,假如动作已经结束，则用过去分词形式（如,done,），与主语组成被动关系。,假如主语是动作承受者，且动作正在进行，用被动语态进行时（如,being done,）,假如独立主格中动作发生在主句之前，独立主格中动词应用完成体，主动关系用,having done,被动关系用,having been,done,。,第14页,1.doing,现在分词,There being not enough water and food,the refugees lives were at stake.,因为缺乏足够水和食物，难民们面临生命危险。,The man being so nice to her,she feels she doesnt have the heart to refuse him.,那个男对她太好了，她以为不忍心拒绝他。,第15页,2.done,过去分词,The famous star surrounded by a large crowd,the bodyguards had trouble keeping a distance between him and the fans.,因为一大群人围着这个明星，保镖极难把他和那些狂热仰慕者分开。,The girl listened to the story silently,her eyes filled with tears.,女孩眼里含着泪水，静静地听完故事。,第16页,3.being done,被动进行体,The dictionary being used by sister,I was obliged to ask my classmate for help.,因为妹妹在用我字典，我只好向同学求援。,The water pipe being repaired,we had to eat out.,家里水管正在修理，我们只好到外面吃饭。,第17页,4.having done,完成体主动式,Mr.Doherty having weighed the advantages and disadvantages,the plan to run a farm was canceled.,多尔蒂先生在权衡了利弊后，取消了开农场计划。,The police having caught the murderer,the family of the victim felt a little relieved.,警方抓住了凶手，受害者家眷感到一丝宽慰。,第18页,5.having been done,完成体被动式,A new technique having been worked out,the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.,使用新技术后，整个产量增加了,20%,。,The power having been cut,people stepped out of their offices and sat on the stairs of the office building.,断电后，人们走出办公室，坐在办公楼台阶上。,第19页,6.adjective phrase,形容词短语,He went to sleep,windows wide open.,他窗户大开着，睡觉了。,She listened to the ghost story,face white terror.,她听鬼故事时候脸都吓白了。,The poor lady shivered,hands red with cold.,这位可怜女士手冻得发红，哆嗦着。,第20页,7.prepositional phrase,介词短语,The miner crossed through the narrow tunnel,hands in front.,矿工双手放在前面，从狭窄坑道里爬了出来。,She observed the present from the small oriental country,puzzled expression on her face.,她端详着来自东方小国这件礼品，脸上露出迷惑表情。,第21页,3.3 with/without,引导,由,with/without,引导独立主格结构能够放在主句前或主句后。从结构上来看，这种形式独立主格结构基本上是,with/without+noun/pronoun+,其它成份。,第22页,1.adjective phrase,形容词短语,With Caesar dead,Cleopatra could cherish such hopes no longer.,凯撒死后，克娄巴特拉不再抱着这么希望了。,With crops ripe,the farmers stated to worry about the price.,作物成熟后，农民们开始担忧粮食价格。,第23页,2.infinitive in active form,不定式主动形式,Without me to supplement your income,you wouldnt be able to manage.,我假如不补助你，单靠你收入，恐怕应付不来。,With the volunteers _(help)them,the old couple will live happily for the rest of their life.,有志愿者帮助，这对老夫妇会幸福地度过余生。,以上例子用不定式主动形式是因,with/without,后面名词是动作发出者，且动作还未发生。,to help,第24页,3.infinitive in passive form,不定式被动形式,With the construction plan to be carried out this year,this area will become one of the business centers in the city.,今年建设计划实施以后这一带将成为城市商业中心之一。,With the questions from the journalists to be answered by the prime minister,the press conference would be closed.,首相回答完记者提问后，新闻公布会将宣告结束。,以上例子用不定式被动形式是因为,with,后面名词是动作承受者，且动作还未发生。,第25页,4.passive present participle,现在分词被动式,With her regular seat being taken by a young man,she had to go to the last row.,因为她常坐位子被一个年轻小伙子占了，她只好走到最终一排。,Without his secretary being interrogated by the police,the boss would not answer the incoming phones in person.,要不是老板秘书正在接收警方盘问，他不会亲自接听打进来电话。,以上例子用现在分词被动式是因为,with,后面名词是动作承受者，且动作正在进行。,第26页,5.past participle,过去分词,With the walls painted white,the room looks much brighter.,墙壁油漆成白颜色后，房间看起来明亮多了。,With the road widened,the traffic is not so heavy as it used to be.,道路拓宽后，交通不再像过去那样拥挤了。,以上例子用过去分词是因为,with/without,后名词是动作承受者，且动作已经结束。,第27页,6.prepositional phrase,介词短语,Without any material possessions in hand,the couple was extremely worried about their daughters enormous medical expense.,因为手头几乎没有什么家当，夫妇俩非常担心女儿巨额医疗费用。,第28页,7.present participle,现在分词,The stations on the New Victoria Line are very busy,with people catching and leaving the train.,新维多利亚线各个站都很忙，有很多人上下火车。,以上例子用现在分词是因为,with/without,后面名词是动作发出者，且动作正在进行或连续中。,第29页,Exercise,1.Thelecture _,he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbedthespeaker.,A,began B,beginning,C,havingbegun D,beingbeginning,第30页,2.Withallfactors_,，,we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal,A.beingconsidered,B.considering,C.considered,D.areconsidered,第31页,3.Anewtechnique _,the yields as a whole increased by20percent.,A.tohavebeenworkedout,B.havingworkedout,C.workingout,D.havingbeenworkedout,第32页,4.Thethiefstoodbeforethepoliceman,_admittingwhathehaddone,A.withhisdroppinghead,B.droppedhishead,C.raisinghishead,D.withhisheaddown,第33页,5.Therearevariouskindsofmetals,each _itsownproperties.,A.has B.had,C.tohave D.having,第34页,