高考英语阅读理解解题技巧名师优质课获奖市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。,专题一复习,阅读了解答题技巧,第1页,明确考纲要求,考纲要求考生能读懂熟悉相关日常生活话题简短文字材料,比如公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能,:,(1),了解主旨和要义,;,(2),了解文中详细信息,;,(3),依据上下文判断单词和短语含义,;,(4),作出简单判断和推理,;,(5),了解文章基本结构,;,(6),了解作者意图、观点和态度。,第2页,2,1.,大量阅读,培养高效技能。,坚持大容量阅读训练,在阅读实践中养成良好阅读习惯,形成高效阅读策略,掌握基本阅读技能。阅读时,依据不一样设题方式采取与之对应阅读方法。恰当利用,略读、寻读、语段阅读、推理判读、预测下文,等方法。比如,1,解答文章主旨大意题和作者意图观点题时,应采取略读方法,因为略读能舍弃无关紧要细节,重点捕捉文章中心,;2,解答推理判断题和深层细节了解题时,应采取语段阅读法,这种阅读法不是把句子中单词逐一翻译,而是了解整个句子或者几个句子连贯意思,这么能抓住语段关键。,破解满分解囊,第3页,3,2.,强化快速训练,培养,“,时间感,”,。,近年来,阅读了解一直保持着较大容量,总词量近,1500,词。要想在一定时间内完成四篇阅读,必须有速度作保障。所以,进行限时阅读训练非常必要。对于四篇阅读了解文章加一篇七选五阅读量,考试说明提议用时是,35,分钟,那么平日训练时,就要在要求时间内把这五篇文章题目完成。,3.,梳理考点,精准训练。,对考纲中要求,6,种阅读技能都要采取适当阅读策略强化训练,对着重考查细节了解题、主旨大意题、推理判断题和词义猜测题要逐一训练,各个击破。对难度较大推理判断题、主旨大意题、了解文章结构题以及作者意图、观点和态度题目,更要设置不一样阅读题目,从不一样角度,不一样层次进行强化训练。训练时遵照,“,质量第一,速度第二,”,标准。,破解满分解囊,第4页,4,破解满分解囊,4.,关注话题,培养学科素养。,关注各类题材,增强个人文化认知和文化意识,体验英语国家丰富文化内涵。了解中外文化差异,这些都有利于提升阅读了解能力。,5.,优化学习策略,享受阅读高兴。,大量阅读是硬道理,但要合理安排阅读节奏,重视归纳整理,回头反思。总是犯错考点,要深度剖析错误原因。,做错一道题,汲取一个教训,;,做对一道题掌握几个规律。,养成良好阅读习惯,培养思维能力和创新意识,享受阅读高兴。,第5页,5,2.,分析题干能力训练,1.,体裁分析能力训练,3.,猜词能力训练,4.,猜答案能力,训练,加强四种能力训练,第6页,1,“指读”,2,“声读”,3,“译读”,4,“毛病”（,bad habits,）,:,教学过程中，发觉学生在阅读时常做些不利于阅读坏动作。有同学晃头、颠腿、转笔、听音乐、咬指头、趴在桌子上、揪头发等等。,摒弃,不良,阅读习惯,第7页,高考英语考试中阅读了解文章普通有这么几个文体，即,记叙文、描写文、说明文、应用文和叙述文,。不一样文体有不一样段落组织方式和脉络层次。,记叙文往往按时间次序展开段落，文章有显著表示时间先后词语。阅读时抓住时间这条根本，搞清,who,、,what,、,where,、,why,与,how,。,描写文经过细节描写以画面方式来反应事物特征、性质。对这种文章要快速搞清其主题，主题词往往出现在各个句子里，贯通文章始末；紧围绕这个主题进行阅读，找到文章与之相关信息，并确定信息与主题关系。,说明文多见于科普文章，用以解释或揭示事物状态、特征、演变、结果及其相互之间关系，这类文体文章，首句往往是主题句，开门见山，说明文章关注对象：搞清作者思绪和段落组织方式；把握次要信息及其与主题关系。,体裁分析能力,第8页,叙述文阅读难在这种文章处处都渗透作者个人观点、态度。,阅读叙述文应该从文体写作和结构特点入手,.,文章结构往往轻易把握，用主题句开门见山。,作者往往经过信号词,(signal words,或,transitional words),和,关联词,(referents,来组织段落、文章,.,对信号词快速反应和对关联词准确判断是至关主要；要尤其注意区分作者观点与文章里所提到人物观点，同时注意作者所使用表示赞同、反对等感情色彩词汇。,体裁分析能力,第9页,细节类问题命题方式有以下几个,：,1)Which of the following is NOT true according to the information,in the passage?,2)The author mentions all of the following except.,3)Which of the following statements is correct according to the,passage?,4)The writer mentions all of the items listed below except _.,5)Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?,6)What is the example of.as described in the passage?,7)The reason for.is.,8)According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.).,9)From the passage we know that _.,10)In the passage,the author states that _.,分析题干能力,第10页,细节了解题：,细节了解题就是我们常见,wh-,题，它们大多是依据 文章中详细信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、叙述等进行提问。有些问题能够在文章中直接找到答案，有些则要我们在了解基础上将相关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。做这类题方法,普通是先用寻读法找出与问题相关词语或句子，再对相关部分进行细读，找出正确答案。,第11页,是非题出题形式：,a.,三正一误：,Which of the following is true except?Which of the following is mentioned except,b.,三误一正：,Which of the following is true?,这种做题方法主要与三正一误以下问法相联络：,Which of the following mentioned except Which of the following is not mentioned?,这种问题正确选项所包含信息通常连续出现在同一段，而且往往无列举标志词，如,first,，,second,，,third,等。做题时只需阅读相关段落，依据一个选项中关键词在其前后找其它两个正确先项，剩下一个原文中未提到，为正确答案。,分析题干能力,第12页,主旨大意题提问方式有以下几个：,1,）,The,general,/main,idea of the passage is about _,2,）,Which of the following,best,states the theme of the passage,？,3,）,In this passage the author discusses,primarily,_,4,）,The passage is,mostly,about _,5,）,The passage is,mainly,concerned about _,6,）,What is,the main topic,of the passage,？,7,）,What is,the best title,for the passage,？,8,）,The subject,discussed in this text is _,9,）,The authors,main purpose,in writing the passage is to,10,）,The passage,is meant to,.,11,）,The,purpose of,this article is to,分析题干能力,第13页,相关推理试题经常包含以下类型：,1)It can be,inferred,from the text that _.,2)From the text we know that _.,3)The story,implies,that _.,4)The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _.,5)The writers,attitude toward,.is _.,6)The author,implied,（,suggested,）,that,分析题干能力,第14页,考作者观点态度提问方式有：,1)The author seems to think that _.2)The writer is trying to present a point of view in _.3)The author wants to appeal to _.4)The authors style is _.5)The authors tone would be best described as _.6)What is the authors opinion of _?,7,),The writer believe that_?,8)What is the authors main purpose in the passage?,9,）,In the authors opinion_?,分析题干能力,第15页,怎样依据上下文判断词语涵义,这种题型常见设题方式有：,1,）,The,underlined,word,（,phrase,）,in the passage means _,2,）,The word it,（,them,）,in the first paragraph,refers to,_,3,）,The underlined sentence in the last paragraph,means _,_,4,）,Which of the following is,closest in meaning to,the underlined,word in the second paragraph,？,分析题干能力,第16页,（一）依据常识、经验猜生词,比如：,The old man put on his,spectacles,and began to read,The door was so low that I hit the head on the,lintel,猜词能力,第17页,（二）依据上下文解释做出判断：,其方法主要有：,1,依据文中定义、解释猜生词,。,比如：,Skimming,means looking over a passage quickly to get the main idea before you begin to read it carefully,The harbor is protected by a,jetty,a wall built out into the water,2,利用事例或解释猜生词,。,比如：,The doctor is studying,glaucoma,and other diseases of the eye,3,利用重复解释信息猜生词,。,比如：,Mr.Smith always arrives home,punctually,，,neither early nor late,猜词能力,第18页,4,依据同位关系进行判断：,阅读中出现一些难词，有时后面就是一个同位语，对前面词进行解释，这种解释有时也用连词“,or”,连接。,a,），,and other Germanic and Nordic peoples,，,who spoke what we now call,Anglo-Saxon,（,or Old English,），,a Germanic language,b,）,The,Chunnel,，,a tunnel,（隧道）,connecting England and France,，,is now complete,猜词能力,第19页,（三）,利用标点符号和提醒词猜测词义,One of the obstacles to false reading is,vocalizing,saying the words to themselves in a low voice,The early scientific study of chemistry,，,known as,alchemy,，,grew up in Egypt in the first few centuries A,D,猜词能力,第20页,（四）依据上下文指代关系进行选择,文章中代词,it,，,that,，,he,，,him,或,them,能够指上文提到人或物，其中,it,和,that,还能够指一件事。有时代词指代对象相隔较远，要认真查找；也有时需要对前面提到内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代事。,比如（,NMET,，,A,篇）,原题第,57,题：,What does the underlined word it,（,paragraph 2,）,refer to,？,A,Discovering the moons inner space,B,Using the earths inner space,C,Meeting the moon people“again,D,Traveling to outer space,原文：,However,，,the question that moon people asked is still an interesting one,A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it,猜词能力,由此能够看出,it,指上句中,the question,，而,the question,又指第一段中,月球人,所提问题。所以依据第一段中问题,Why are you traveling to outer space when you dont even use your inner space,？,就能够判断出答案为,B,。,第21页,（五）依据转折或对比关系进行判断,依据上下句连接词，如：,but,，,however,，,otherwise,等就能够看到前后句在意义上差异，从而依据某一句含义，来确定另一句含义。分号（；）还能够表示转折、对比或不相干意义,。,He has been getting better,，,but during the night his condition,deteriorated,猜词能力,第22页,(,六,),依据因果关系进行判断,依据原因能够预测结果，依据结果也能够找出原因。,（,NMET,，,A,篇）,Biggest power failure in the citys history,All of our ice-cream and frozen foods,melted,猜词能力,后一句承接前一句，前一句原因造成后一句结果。依据因果关系，停电很可能造成冰淇淋和冷冻食品溶化，所以,melted,词义应为,溶化,。,第23页,（七）依据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断,英语中，有很多词能够在前面加前缀，后面加后缀，从而组成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是生词，但掌握了一定构词法知识，就不难猜出它词义。,比如（,NMET,，,B,篇）,Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their,preferences,-but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete,猜词能力,我们知道，,prefer,意思是,宁愿；愿意,，依据上下文能够判断,prefer,名词形式,preference,含义应是,偏爱；兴趣,。,第24页,依据近年来高考阅读了解对同学们提出新要求，提议同学们在以下几个方面加强自我训练！,1,猜测熟词新含义,例,1:The major market force rests in t he growing population of,white collar,employees(,白领雇员,),，,who can afford the new service.,例,2:“It was the best night we had ever had”,said Angela Carraro,who,runs,an Italian restaurant.,猜测熟词含义除了要求同学们有较强语境分析能力外，还要求同学们有较宽知识面，对常见有新含义熟词要搞清其使用方法，并将这些词进行简明归纳整理。,2,猜测词性变换新词含义,When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago,，,how could they even begin to,picture,modern life?,利用熟词新词性来抽象词义，关键应在了解原词基础上，分析它新词性，并结合原词含义发挥合理想象，从而概括抽象出它新词义。,猜词能力,第25页,反问法；,绝对词否决法,;,答案项中有绝对语气词普通不是正确答案项。这些语气词有,:must,always,never,the most,all,only,have to,any,no,very,completely,none,hardly,等,。,怀疑词判断法：,选项中含有不十分必定语气词普通是正确答案项。这些语气词有,can,could,may,should,usually,might,most(,大多数,),more or less,relatively,be likely to,possible,whether or,not necessarily,等。,关键词对应法,(,ABC=ABC,法,;,ABC=A,B,C,法,;,ABC=CBA,法,;,ABC,ABD,法,),选项中照抄原文普通不是答案项，而同义替换普通是选项。,猜答案能力,第26页,实战演练,资料书上相关内容,第27页,Thank you,第28页,