高考非谓语动词讲解+练习+答案.doc

高考-非谓语动词讲解及练习

非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：
doing , done , to do , doing 。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：
现在分词 doing : 有being done（被动式） ; having done （完成式）; having been do
ne （完成被动式）
不定式 to do : 有to be done （被动式）; to have done （完成式）; to be doing（进行式）
动名词 doing : 有having done（完成式）; being done（被动式） ;
非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。
下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：
一． 动词不定式
先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。
1．To learn a foreign language is difficult .
2． His wish is to be a driver .
3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer .
4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises .
5．I have nothing to say .
6．They went to see their aunt .
7．It’s easy to see their aunt.
8．I don’t know what to do next .
9．I heard them make a noise .
说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语，5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。8．带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9．不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：
1． “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。
agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,
equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to
2． 带to 还是不带to
I have no choice but to give in
I cannot do anything but give in
I saw him enter the classroom .
（ 但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .）
3． 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of .
It’s necessary for you to study hard .
It’s foolish of him to do it .
与of 连用的形容词有：
good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible
4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：
want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.
需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws .
5．不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to 。
want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o
ught to , need to , used to , be able to
6．不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：
1）动宾关系：
He has a lot of meeting to attend .
Please lend me something to write with .
He is looking for a room to live
He is looking for a room to live in .
He has no money and no place
to live ( in ) .
I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .
There is no time to think ( about ) .
2）主谓关系：
She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .
----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I )
-------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now ( 逻辑主语不是I )
7．不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义：
1） 原因
He is lucky to get here on time .
这种结构中常用的形容词有：
happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy
2) 目的
He came to help me with my maths .
3) 结果
I hurried to get there only to find him out .
The book is too hard for the boy to read .
He is old enough to go to school .
8 . 不定式作补足语
I saw him play in the street just now .
能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：
see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice
注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如：
He was seen to play in the street just now.
二．动名词
Learning English is very difficult .
学英语非常困难。
His job is driving a bus .
他的工作是开车。
I enjoy dancing .
我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country .
我已经习惯了住农村。
Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep .
吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。
注意以下几种结构：
1．There’s no telling what will happen .
=It’s impossible to tell what will happen .
= No one can tell what will happen .
2．It’s no use talking with him .
It’s no good speaking to them like that .
3．There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing …
在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:
trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time
注意以下几个问题：
1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，
forget to do … 忘记要做某事
forget doing… 忘记做了某事
try doing 试着做某事
try to do … 尽力去做某事
try doing 试着做某事
learn to do … 学着去做某事
learn doing … 学会做某事
stop to do … 停下来去做（另一件事）
stop doing … 停止做某事
go on to do … 接着做（另外一件事）
go on doing … 继续做某事
used to do … 过去做某事
be used to doing … 习惯做某事

learn to do … 学着去做某事
learn doing … 学会做某事
stop to do … 停下来去做（另一件事）
stop doing … 停止做某事
go on to do … 接着做（另外一件事）
go on doing … 继续做某事
used to do … 过去做某事
be used to doing … 习惯做某事
remember to do…记住要做某事
remember doing …记着做了某事
mean to do … 有意要做某事
mean doing … 意味着做了某事
regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔
regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔
can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事
try to do … 尽力去做某事
try doing 试着做某事
learn to do … 学着去做某事
learn doing … 学会做某事
stop to do … 停下来去做（另一件事）
stop doing … 停止做某事
go on to do … 接着做（另外一件事）
go on doing … 继续做某事
used to do … 过去做某事
be used to doing … 习惯做某事
2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别
动名词作定语表达 n+ for doing 的含义
现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who) be doing的含义
如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping
a running horse = a horse which is running
前者是动名词 ， 后者是现在分词
又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy
3． 动名词的逻辑主语：
动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。
例如：His coming made us very happy .
4．动名词的语态和时态
5．动名词主动形式表被动的情况：
need doing , want doing , require doing
例如： This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷。
6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：
admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ,
三． 分词
1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .
这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。
2 . This is a moving film .
这是一部动人的电影。
3. The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president .
秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。
4. Given more time , I’ll do it well .
如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。
When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .
当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。
应注意的几个问题：
1．现在分词与过去分词的区别
Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?
= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ?
The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.
= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.
China is a developing country and America is a developed country.
2．分词作表语
The news sounds encouraging .
They got very excited .
1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：
The news is interesting .
He is interested in the news .
doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系 ；done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。
2）表语与被动式的区别：
The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .（强调动作）
The blackboard is broken . You’d better have it repaired.（强调状态）
3）常作表语的过去分词：
amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done
3．现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别
The situation in our country is encouraging . (表语)
The situation in our country is encouraging the people . ( 现在进行时)
My job is looking after the little baby . (动名词)
能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。
例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging .
What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby .
4．注意的四种结构：
have something to do 有某事要做
have something done 使某事被做
have somebody do something 使某人做某事
have something doing 让某事一直做着
5． 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：
seat , prepare , hide , dress
如：I seated myself on the chair .
I was seated on the chair .
6．分词做状语与不定式的区别：
分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、 条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。
Having finished the homework , I went home . （ 时间）
Being a Party member , I should work hard . （原因）
Given more time ,I can do my work better . （ 条件 ）
He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy. （ 伴随）
To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder . ( 目的 )
He is old enough to join the army . （ 结果）
7．分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别
a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running
a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen
a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking
something to do 不定式 = something that I should do
8．不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别：
I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting . ( 将来)
The building being built on the river is the Science Museum . （正在进行）
The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions . （ 过去）
9．分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：
分词与句子主语的逻辑关系
Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful .( 错误 )
Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful . （ 正确）
Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系；seen 与city 是动宾关系
-高考英语语法强化训练(非谓语动词)
( )1.European football is played in 80 countries ,______it the most popular sport in the world
A. making B, makes C. made D to make
( )2The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______the next year .
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out
D. to carry out
( )3.The purpose of new technologies in to make life easier, _______it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make
C. not making D. don’t make
( )4.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the doctor ______,Sorry to miss you; will call later.
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
( )5.I’v worked with children before ,so I know what ______in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting
D. expects
( )6.Acomputer does only what thinking people _______.
A. have it to B. nave it done C. have done it
D. having it done
( )7.What worried the child most was ____to visit his mother in the hospital .
A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed
C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed
( ) 8.Cleanig woman in big cities usually get ______by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
( )9.They are not very good, but we like_______.
A. anyway to play basketball with them
B. to play basketball with them anyway
C. to play with them basketball anyway
D. with them to play basketball anyway
( )10 He sent me an e-mail ,_______to get further information.
A. hoped B hoping C. to hope D. hope
( )11._____is 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being rounded B it was founded
C. Founded D. Founding
( )12,The ____boy was last seen ______near the East Lake.
A. Missing, playing B. missing, play
C missed ,played D missed ,to play
( )13.Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party.
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D not having been invited
( )14.-Do your brother intend to study German?
- Yes ,he intends ________.
- A. / B. to C. so D. that
( )15.He claimed _______in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.
A. being badly treated B. treating badly
C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated
( )16.To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule________.
A. to never B never to be broken
C. never to have broken D. never to be breaking
( )17.She asked me to help her, _____that she couldn’t move the heavy suitcase alone
A. only to realize B. realizing
C. having been realized D. realized
( )18.Robert is said _______abroad, but I don’t know country be studied in .
A. to have studied B. to study
C. to be study D to have been studying
( )19.-Let me tell you something about the journalists.
- Don’t you remember ______me the story yesterday?
A. told B. telling C .to tell D. to have told
( )20,There are five pairs ______,but I’m at a loss
which to buy.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from
C. to choose D. for choosing
( )21-Mum ,why do you always make me eat an egg every day?
-______enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.
A. Get B Getting C To get D. To be going
( )22 .The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the_____.
A.20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain
C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining20 dollars
( )23.Will those ____the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office?
A. teaching B. teach C. who teaches
D. who teaching
( )24.While building a tunnel though the mountains,________.
A. an underground lake was discovered
B. there was an underground lake discovered
C. a lake was discovered underground
D. the workers discovered an underground lake
( ) 25.I meant ____,but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.
A. to do B. to C. doing D doing to
( )26._____more time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given
( )27. Do you have any letters ______ today?
-I had my son _______it this morning .Thank you anyway.
A. post , to post B. posting ,post
C. being posting , posted D. to be post ,post
( )28.He went to American _____some English as well as ____.
A. learning ,to travel B. learning, traveling
C. to learn, travel D. to learn ,to travel
( )29.The party was a success ,but we thought it a pity not ______you.
A. to invite B. to be inviting
C. to have invited D. to be invited
( )30.When I handed the report to Hohn , he said that George was the person______.
A. to send B. for sending it
C. to send it to D. for sending it to
( )31Once your business because international, _____constantly will be part of your life.
A. your fly B. your flight C. fight D. flying
( )32“ Can you read ?”Mary said ____to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
( )33. At first he didn’t mean _______ part, but he couldn’t resist ______a try.
A. to take ,having B. taking, to have
C. to take, to have D. taking, having
( )34.The walls of the rooms are said ___white in no time.
A. to be painted B. painted
C. to paint D. having been painted
( )35.We are not _____fools _____believe what he says.
A. such, as B. so, to C. such, who are
D. such, as to
( )36.The old man seems ______here for more than twenty years.
A. to be living B. to have lived
C. to have been lived D. to live
( )37The explosion sent us ______in all directions.
A. run B. running C to run D. ran
( )38.I regret _____you that we are unable to offer you employment .
A. to have inform B. having inform
C. to inform D. informing
( )39.Did you see that boy _______the police over there.
A. questioned B. to be questioned
C. being questioned D. questioning
( )40.______everything into considerati