高中英语音标语音专题讲及练(修改含答案).doc

高中英语语音专题
I 国际音标表（48个）
长元音
/ɑ:/
啊（长音）
/ɔ:/
奥（长音）
/З:/
额（长音）
/i:/
一（长音）
/ u:/
屋（长音）

短元音
/ʌ/
阿
/ ɒ /
奥
/ə/
额
/ɪ/
一
/ ʊ /
屋
/e/
挨
/æ/
挨

/eɪ/
和拼音的“ei”一样
/aɪ/
挨
/ɔɪ/
哦一

双元音
/ɪə/
一而
/eə/
挨而
/ ʊə/
勿而

/əʊ /
欧
/aʊ /
袄
（惨叫声）

元音（20个）

辅音（28个）
轻辅音
/p/
颇
/t/
特
/k/
克
/f/
佛
/θ/
四（咬舌音）
/s/
四
浊辅音
/b/
伯
/d/
得
/g/
个
/v/
勿
/ð/
字（咬舌音）
/z/
自
轻辅音
/ʃ/
是
/h/
和
/ts/
差（ci）
/tʃ/
吃
/tr/
缺

浊辅音
/ʒ/
日
/r/
若
/dz/
资
/dʒ/
织
/dr/
撅

鼻音
/m/
呣
/n/
呢
/ŋ/
嗯

半元音
/j/
也
/ w/
五

边音
/ǀ/
了（前）;
偶（后）

高考考点知识讲与练
一、考查一些字母的特殊读音。
1．元音字母a,e,i,o,u.
(字母a)
1) 通常在重读开音节中读[e]:
cake, base, escape, plane
2) 在重读闭音节中读[æ]:
fat, trap, exactly, rapid, dam
3) 在w后通常读[]:
wash, want, what, wander 特殊： [:] water
4 ) 在s,ss,st,sk,ch,th,n,f前读[:]:
master, ask, task, class, glass, father, path, after, branch, advance
5) 在非重读音节中读[]:
again, camera, vacation, vegetable
6) 在非重读音节中读[]：
courage,encourage,language,necklace,orange, average,baggage, village
7) [e]any,many,anyhow,anything,anybody等含有any的不定代词中
1.match
A. separate B. marry C. machine D. many
2. animal
A. ache B. anything C. advance D. anxious
3. majority
A. baggage B. attract C. Canadian D. magazine
4. cake
A. have B. vase C. water D. escape
5. want
A. wander B. again C. fat D. rapid
6. courage
A. plane B. vegetable C. wash, D. village
7. anything
A. vacation B. many C. task D. path
8. class
A. camera B. after C. any D. anybody
1-8 BDDDADBB
（字母e）
1) 通常在重读开音节中读[:]:
be, these, she
2) 在重读闭音节中读[e]:
press, net, gentle
3) 特殊：[]: actress, careless, develop, entire, perfect, reduce, secret, carpet, celebrate, desert ,before
[]: children, open, problem, silence, satellite, September
不发音：frighten, listen, often, garden, citizen
1. medicine
A. except B. record C. increase D. open
2.these
A. she B. press C. develop D. children
3.silence
A. often B. problem C. secret D. gentle
4.garden
A. listen B. before C. reduce D. careless
5.perfect
A. silence B. actress C. frighten D. September
1-5AABAB
（字母i）
1) i通常在开音节中读[ai]:
wipe, ripe alive, wine, arrive, beside, polite, life ,smile, surprise
2) 在闭音节中读[i]: quiz, sick, dish ,sing, dig, film, miss, winter, picture, difficult
3) 在非重读音节中读[]： impossible,possible,terrible,holiday,
horrible
4） 在nd, ld, mb前读[ai]：mind, kind, blind, find, child, climb
特殊：
① [:] police,Pisa,machine,magazine,
technique
②[]live, give, notice, native, office, promise, imagine, opposite
③不发音：basin, civil, pencil, pupil, cousin,
(i的发音近几年没考，须注意)
1. quiz
A. wine B. smile C. sing D. mind
2. live
A. blind B. give C. police D. child
3. climb
A. winter B. film C. polite D. native
4. office
A. notice B. civil C.pencil D. impossible
5. machine
A. imagine B. opposite C. difficult D. magazine
6. holiday
A. basin B. native, C. terrible D. film
7. wipe
A. beside B. dig C. sing D. dish
8. surprise
A. alive B. promise C. difficult D. cousin
1-8 CBCADCAA
（字母o）
1) o通常在重读开音节中读[]:
stone, note, progress, motor lonely, smoke no, joke, go, programme
但在下面单词中读[u:]：
do, to, who, move, prove, lose, whose, tomb, shoe, remove, canoe（独木舟）
2) 在重读闭音节中读[]:
copy, boss, cloth, fond, long, knock, across, common
但在st, ld, th前常读[]:
most, post, cold, both, roll, hold, scold, host, fold, told, almost, clothes等
3) 在非重读音节中读 []:
collection, complete, compare, composition, custom, develop, iron police, polite, observe, official, Europe
4) 在m, n, th, v等前时读 []:
comfort, ton, done, come, some, love, cover, mother, another, other, company
特殊 1.[u]woman
2. []women
3.[:] story
4.[] comb, Negro, piano, radio, tomato
5.[] gone，common，concert
6.不发音：cotton, reason, prison, person, pardon, lesson, poison
1. stop
A. lose B. woman C. shock D. rose
2. compare
A. company B. continue C. common D. concert
3. stone
A. progress B. move C. lose D. remove
4. prove
A. copy B. knock C. remove D. fond,
5. most
A. custom B. long C. scold D. collection
6. observe
A. concert B. tomato C. some D. complete
7. comfort
A. story B. cotton C. mother D. lesson
8. women
A. woman B. picture C. company D. observe
9. Europe
A. develop B. radio C. roll D. hold
10. across
A. gone B. done C. some D. cover
1-10 CBACCDCBAA
（字母u）
1) u通常在重读开音节中读[:]
use, duty, computer, reduce, rescue, tube, Tuesday
2) u通常在重读开音节中或读 [:]: true
3) u在重读开音节中辅音字母l, r, j 后读 [:]:
blue, rule, ruler, June, rude
4) 在重读闭音节中读[]:
cup, umbrella, lunch, Sunday, hurry, suddenly, funny, hungry
5) 在重读闭音节中或读 []:
put, pull, push, bullet
特殊：
①[]autumn, August, industry, succeed, success, suppose, until, unless, supply, difficult
②[e]bury
③[]busy, minute, business
④[]museum, communism, unite, January, occupy
1.club
A. pollution B. struggle
C. useful D. bury
2. computer
A. Tuesday B. museum C. unite D. January
3. minute
A. busy B. industry C. success D. suppose
4. blue
A. ruler B. push C. pull D. bullet
5. difficult
A. unless B funny C. hungry D. rude
1-5BAAAA
2．辅音字母c,w,n,s,g.
⑴ c通常发[k],（在元音a,o,u前和辅音前，以及在词尾时）: cat ,cost, cut, cloud, cycle
特殊：
① (在ia, ie ,io前) 读 [ʃ] delicious, musician, special, social, socialist, official
② (多在e,I,y前) 读[s]: ceiling, century, celebrate, cinema, city, incident
1.center
A. ocean B. decide C. cause D. socialist
2.success
A. official B. excuse C. correct D. exciting
3. century
A. cycle B. delicious C. incident D. special
4. answer
A. write B. sweep C. west D. wet
1-4BDCA
⑵ w通常发[w] :sweep, west
特殊：不发音：answer, sword, two, write
⑶ n通常发[n]: nice, not
特殊：(在c, g, k, x前) 发 [ŋ]: uncle ,English, single, thank, anxious , drink等
1. uncle
A. thank B. nice C. honest D. adventure
1. A

⑷ s通常发[s]: six, seat, sport
在元音字母和元音字母之间读[z] ：music, season, prison
特殊：
①s 后面是元音字母u, ia [ʃ]: sugar ,sure, Russian
② s 后面是元音字母u, ion []measure ,pleasure, treasure, usual, conclusion
1.rise
A. purse B. else C. praise D. mouse
2. measure
A. usual B. sport C. music D. sure
1-2 CA
⑸g通常发[g]
特殊：
①在 字母(e, i(y)前读 []： age ,apologize, apology ,page, gym
②在字母n前不发音：design, foreign ,sign
1.passenger
A. sugar B. organize C. strange D. together
1.C
二、考查一些常见字母组合的特殊读音。
⑴ea通常发[:]breathe，tea，read, clean, easy, meat, peace
特殊：
①[e] dead, pleasure, peasant, head, already, health, thread heaven, sweater ,bread, Breakfast , health, pleasure, deaf等
②[e] great, break
③[] real, idea, theatre, realize, area
④不发音：beauty
1. area
A. theatre B. breathe C. break D. heaven
2. break
A. great B. peace C. sweater D. peasant
3. breathe
A. breath B. health C. pleasure D. easy
4. real
A. realize B. bread C. already D. beauty
1-4 AADA
⑵ear通常发[] : ear, clear, dear, hear
特殊：
①[:] earth, year, early, earn, learn, heard, search, earnest
②[] bear, pear , tear(v.), wear
③[:] heart
1. earth
A. year B. clear C. wear D. heart
2. heard
A. earn B. bear C. dear D. pear
1-2AA
⑶ai & ay等中通常发[ei]:
train ,against, contain, raise, remain,
always,birthday, everyday , railway
特殊：
①[] captain, mountain, yesterday, Friday, Sunday, bargain等
②[e] said, says
③[]mayor
④不发音Britain, certain
1.Britain
A. certain B. train C. against D. contain
2.raise
A .remain B. certain C. mountain D. bargain
3. said
A. says B. say C. Friday D. birthday
4. everyday
A. yesterday B. bargain C. always D. mountain
1-4AAAC
⑷al通常发[:]
特殊：
①[:l] also, always, almost, salt, although, altogether, false
②[l]actual, animal, arrival, general, natural, several等非重读时
③[:] half, calm等(在f，m前)
④[:] all, ball, talk, walk
1. always
A. also B. actual C. natural D. walk
1. A
⑸oo ①在k字母前读[u]：
took, shook, cook, cookie, book, look, hook,
在非重读时读[u]：classroom, bedroom, understood，
在重读时读[u] ：good, stood, wood, wooden, football , foot;
② [:]在food, soon, cool, zoo, tool, bamboo, loose, school, wool, pool ,fool, room, noon, cocoon, spoon, loom, roof, root, troop, smooth, shoot, too, balloon, choose, proof ,
特殊：[] blood, flood, warm-blooded
1. took
A. shook B. loose C. school D. warm-blooded
2. blood
A. flood B. smooth C. fool, D. noon
3. food
A. foot B. pool C. cookie D. classroom
1-3AAB
⑹ou通常发[au] : house, about
特殊：
①[:] group, wound, you, youth
②[] anxious, dangerous, curious, famous, moustache, nervous, obvious, serious, mysterious
③[]country, couple, courage, cousin，courage, touch, trouble, young
④ [:]cough
1.ground
A. house B. country C. group D. cough
1. courage
A. young B. about C. anxious D. famous
1-2AA
⑺our通常① 在重读音节中发[au]； hour, flour
②在非重读音节中发[]: neighbour, labour
特殊：
① [:]course, court, four, fourth, mourn（悼念）, pour, resource, your, yourself
② [u] tour
1. course
A. journey B. four C. labour D. hour
2. four
A. flour B. yourself C. tour D. neighbour
1-2BB
⑻er通常① 在重读音节中发[:]；
②在非重读音节中发[] writer, worker
特殊: [a:] sergeant（警官）, clerk
⑼or通常① 在重读音节中发[:]；
②在非重读音节中发[]: visitor
特殊：
①[:] word, work, world, worm, worse, worship, worst, worth等(在w后)
②[]worry
1. sergeant
A. clerk B. worker C. word D. work
2. young
A. worst B. worry C. fourth D. worse
1-2AB
⑽ure通常
① 在重读时发[j] cure, pure；
②在非重读时发[]: injure, figure,
特殊：[j]failure
1. cure
A. pure B. injure C. figure D. failure
1.A
⑾ch & tch通常读[]:　
child, teach, chapter, catch, fetch, watch
特殊：
[k]headache, Christmas, chemical, school, stomach, chemistry, architecture
[ʃ] machine
1. chemistry　
A. stomach B. achieve C. check D. machine
2. school
A. Christmas B. chapter C. fetch D. watch
1-2AA
⑿th
① 在介词,冠词,代词,连词中读 []: there, their, this, that ,these, those, with, though,
以及,er前读 []: father, gather, rather
②在词首和词尾多读[]: month, path, three, bath , breath
特殊：
①mathematics , maths, months读[]; ②smooth, worthy, clothing, bathe, breathe读[];
③以th结尾的复数读[]baths ,mouths ,clothes,
例外:maths, months[]
1.bathe
A. faith B. cloth C. maths D. smooth
2. breathe
A. thick B. southern C. mathematics D. method
3. theirs
A. thread B. smooth C. thirsty D. health
4. though
A. bath B. bathe C. month D. maths
5. northern
A. north B. months C. mouths D. path
6. breath
A. clothes B. clothing C. three, D. breathe
1-6 DBBBCC
⒀ gh通常在igh,ough中不发音:
[ai] :design, sigh, light, night
[:]: bought, fought, thought
特殊：[f]cough, enough, laugh, tough
1. cough
A. enough B. bought C. fought D. thought
1.A
⒁ex在本身是重读或次重读时读
[eks]: expert, extra, exercise, excellent,
exhibition, explanation
特殊：
①为非重读音节，后面是元音字母读 [igz]: exact, exam, exist, examine, example
②为非重读音节，后面是辅音字母读[iks] : excite, expect, extend, except, excuse , express ,expensive, experience, experiment, explain, extraordinary,
1. expert
A. exercise B. exact C. example D. excite
2. explanation
A. experiment B. explain C. extra D. excuse
3. exhibition
A. extend B. expect C. expensive D. expert
1-3ACD
⒂ ed在清辅音后读[t]: asked, helped, missed
浊辅音后读[d]，元音后也读[d]: played, cleaned, carried
t,d之后读[id]: wanted, started, needed
1. helped
A. missed B. played C. cleaned D. started
2. wanted
A. worked B. needed C. destroyed D. suffered
1-2 AB
⒃s/es的发音规则，
 清辅音后读作/s/: maps, cakes, desks, looks, asks
 浊、元音后读作/z / : bananas, dogs, pigs, boys, sees
 在/s/、 /z/、 // 、/ ∫ / 音之后读/ iz/ :classes bridges washes houses
1. bridges
A. washes B. cakes C. desks D. boys
1.A
另外：
①au,augh,aw读[:]: autumn, cause, daughter, draw, law, saw
但在 aunt, laugh 读 [a:] :
②air,are读[]：chair, hair, repair, stair, care
③ei, ie 读[i: ]: ceiling, receive, field, piece
ey读[ei] :grey, prey
特殊:either, neither[ai]; foreign[i];
④eigh读[ei]:eight, weigh特殊:height [ai];
⑤eer读[]: deer, cheer, engineer, pioneer
⑥ere读[]here, atmosphere
或[]where ,there，特殊: [:]were;
⑦ire读[ai]:tired
⑧oul读[u]could, should, would
特殊:[u]shoulder ,soul;
⑨sion读[],特殊: [] decision, conclusion, occasional, television;
⑩tion读[],特殊: []suggestion, question
⒃ie通常读 [:]achieve believe ；
特殊[ai] society science；
特殊[e] friend
1.society
A. achieve B . friend C. science D. believe
2. autumn
A. cause B. aunt C. laugh D. out
3. field
A. friend B. neither C. foreign D. piece
4. where
A. there B. cheer C. engineer D. atmosphere
5. shoulder
A. soul B. could C. should D. would
6. suggestion
A. question B. television C. decision D. occasion
1-6 CADAAA
三、考查一些不发音的字母及字母组合。
⑴ b bomb, climb, comb, debt, doubt
⑵ c muscle, science, scientist
⑶ d handsome grandpa, grandma, grandchild, Sandwich ,Wednesday
⑷ k knee, knife, knock, know, knowledge, kneel
⑸ h hour, honest, exhibition, forehead, whisper, wheelchair, honour
⑹ l could, would, Lincoln
⑺ g design, foreign ,sign
⑻ r iron
⑼ s island
⑽ t castle, fasten, often, whistle, Christmas, listen
1.honest
A. husband B. habit C. hour D. host
1.C
五、不符合读音规则的常用词的读音。
1.词性变化引起读音变化
nation /ei/----national/ æ /  
nature /ei/----natural / æ /
south /sauθ/----/southern / sΛn/
2.词形变化引起读音变化[]
（1） 可数名词变复数的读音变化
mouth /θ/ ----mouths /z/ house /s/---houses /ziz/
（2） 词过去式中的读音变化
will----would /wud/ shall----should /∫ud/ can----could