高考英语句子概念讲解及练习 试题.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语句子概论,英语句子概论,基本成分,附属成分,独立成分,省略成分,连接成分,简单句,并列句,复合句,主语 不及物动词 （,S+Vi,）,主语 及物动词 宾语,(S+,Vt,+O),主语 系动词 表,(S+LV+predicative),主语双宾动词,+,间宾,+,直宾,(S+,Vt,+,O.indir+O,.dir),主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语,(S+Vt.+O+O.,compl,),There+be/stand/lie/live.,简单句的五种基本句型,主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词,),、宾语及补语可以称为,基本句子成分,。,完整的句子一般至少包含,2,个基本成分，至多,4,个基本成分,。,noun,adj./adv.,infinitive,V-,ing,V-ed,etc.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾语,宾补,表语,宾语,(,间,),宾语,(,直,),Vt,V-l,Vi,Noun/Pronoun,The+,adj,V-,ing,/Clause,Infinitive,Noun/Pronoun/,The+,adj,V-,ing,/Clause/Infinitive,英语句子基本成分示意图,be/feel/seem/look,appear/stand/lie,become/get/grow/turn,go/come/remain/keep,taste/smell etc.,noun,pronoun,adj./adv.,infinitive,V-,ing,/V-ed,clause,etc.,主语 不及物动词,She came,/My head aches.,主语 及物动词 宾语,She likes English.,主语 系动词 表语,She is happy,主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语,She gave John a book,She bought a book for me.,主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语,She makes her mother angry,The teacher asked me to read the passage.,There+be,There lies a book on the desk.,简单句基本句型实例,附属成分,基本成分的修饰语。可以是：,定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句,状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。,定 语,Poor,John tottered toward a hospital,nearby,She likes oranges,imported from the USA,.,John gave Mary,many,books,，,which are full of illustrations,Have you seen the book,on the desk,?,The boy,playing over there,is my brother.,People,there,like sports.,John,often,came,to chat with me,John likes oranges,very much,Whenever he gets drunk,，John makes Mary very angry,Hearing the news,he jumped,with joy,.,As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.,She is sitting,at the desk,doing her homework,.,My father worked,in this school,ten years ago,.,Youd better stay,here,.,状 语,Examples:,Oh,！,What is that,！（,惊叹词）,He has,，,alas,，,failed again,Come here,，,John,（,呼语）,Roll on,，,Ocean,，,roll on,句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。,独立成分,（You）,Come here,（I wish you）,Good luck！,Some gave him praises，but others,（gave him）,rotten eggs,He runs as fast as,if,(he does),not,(run),faster,than you.,(I),Hope you like it.,John should clean the room today and Peter,(should clean it),tomorrow.,句中被省略的成分，虽然未说出来，却在句中表示一定的意思：,省略成分,连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做,并列连词,。,另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一个句子（即从句）的连词。这类连词叫,从属连词,。从属连词主要用于引导各种从句。,一个完整的句子（主句或从句）必须包含,2,个到,4,个基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成分。,连接成分,简单句,简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种作用中的一种。,作一种陈述,提出一个问题,发出一种命令或请求,表示一种感叹,Examples:,The boy hit the dog./The dog bit the boy.,The girl read the books./The books pleased the girl.,Stephen apologized at once.,Does the shop close at 7 tonight?,Shut the door.,What a slow train this is!,简单句的基本词序,主语动词部分宾语 状语,（谓语）方式地点时间,Iboughta hat yesterday.,The children ran home.,The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.,We ate our meal in silence.,The car stopped suddenly.,A young girl walked confidently in the room.,They drove him away in a police car.,简单句的扩展成份,简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。,I bought a rain coat,with a warm lining,.,The dog jumped,through the window,.,He is saving up,to buy a mobile phone,.,A,bright little,boy,with rosy cheeks,put,three bottles of,milk,quietly,on my doorstep,before seven oclock,.,He worked,like a madman,in the garden,on Saturday,.,The,young,girl,with long black hair,seems to be very happy.,两个简单句的主语可以连词,and,、,but,、,both.and,、,eitheror,、,neithernor,、,not onlybut also,等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。,The boss,is flying,to Paris.His secretary,is flying,to Paris.,The boss,and,his secretary,are flying,to Paris,.,Both,the boss,and,his secretary,are flying,to Paris,.,The boss,is flying,to Rome.His secretary,is not flying,to Rome.,The boss,but not,his secretary,is flying,to Rome,.,The boss,may be flying,to Berlin.His secretary,may be flying,to Berlin.,Either,the boss,or,his secretary,is flying to,Berlin.,The boss,is not flying,to York.His secretary,isnt flying,to York.,Neither,the boss,nor,his secretary,is flying,to York,.,主语、谓语、宾语的合并,两个简单句的宾语可由,and,、,bothand,等连词连接组成一个简单句。,I met Jane.I met her husband.,I met Jane,and,her husband.,I met,both,Jane,and,her husband,.,It was cold.It was wet.,It was,cold and wet,.,I didnt meet Jane.I didnt meet her husband.,I didnt meet,either,Jane,or,her husband.,I met,neither,Jane,nor,her husband,.,两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。,We,sang,all night.We,danced,all night.,We,sang and danced,all night.,主语、谓语、宾语的合并,并列句,需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用,并列连词,连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。,用分号：,We fished all day;we didnt catch a thing.,用分号，后跟一个连接副词：,We fished all day;however,we didnt catch a thing.,用并列连词（如,and,、,but,、,so,、,yet,等,）,We fished all day,but(we)didnt catch a thing.,并列句,常用并列连词,coordinating conjunctions,平行并列连词,:,转折并列连词：,因果并列连词,:,选择并列连词,:,and,bothand,not onlybut also,neithernor,and then,but,however,while,yet,for,so,or,eitheror,neither nor,并列句,并列句的词序：,并列句基本上保留了简单句的词序。,主语 谓语 宾语 连词 主语 动词 表语,Jimmy fell off his bike but (he)wasnt hurt.,五种简单句型可用,并列连词,连接起来组成并列句。,主 谓 状（方式）连 主 谓 表,Frank worked hard and (he)became an architect.,主 谓 宾 连 主 谓 地点,I ,ve,got a cold,so I m going to bed.,主 谓 宾 宾补 连 主 谓 宾,They made him chairman,but(they)didnt increase his salary.,Exercise:,请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句,。,He was tired,so,he went to bed.,1.He was tired.He went to bed.,2.The child hid behind his mothers skirt.He was afraid of the dog.,3.He made a promise.He didnt keep it.,He made a promise,but,He didnt keep it.,The child hid behind his mothers skirt,for,he was afraid of the dog.,由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所,构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。,主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。,从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个,主句连用，不能独立存在。,复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接,在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非,同等重要，其中一个句子由,从属连词,引,导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。,复合句,=,主句,+,从句,复合句,复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：,1.,主语从句,2.,宾语从句,3.,表语从句,4.,定语从句,5.,状语从句,6.,同位语从句,英文写作中最常使用的从句,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,复合句与简单句：复合句,=,简单句,+,从属连词,+,简单句,He told me,the news.,that,the match had,been cancelled.,宾语,how much,he was prepared,to pay for my car.,that,I could have the,money without delay.,how much,he was prepared to,pay for my car and,that,I could,have the money without delay.,when,he was,leaving for Paris,.,that,his fathered,was working in,that school.,宾语从句,复合句与简单句：复合句,=,简单句,+,从属连词,+,简单句,I dont know,him.,He has finished his work,that,he has finished his work.,whether,he has finished his work.,宾语从句,He is leaving for Washington.,that,he is leaving for Washington.,when,he is leaving for Washington.,why,he is leaving for Washington.,how,he is leaving for Washington.,whether,he is leaving for Washington,.,复合句与简单句：复合句,=,简单句,+,从属连词,+,简单句,the people,surprised,That,What,he said,what,he did,主语,That,he didnt,know the answer,in the room.,定语,who,were sitting in the room.,who,were present.,whose,sons were at war.,who,had signed the contract.,复合句与简单句：复合句,=,简单句,+,从属连词,+,简单句,That,is,the fact.,表 语,what,he needs.,what,he gave me.,why,he was late.,because,he was ill.,what,has happened.,复合句与简单句：复合句,=,简单句,+,从属连词,+,简单句,He worked,in that factory,three years ago.,地点状语,时间状语,where,his,father worked,in that factory,where,I lived,when,he,lived there,His father worked there,.,I lived there.,He lived there,three years ago.,复合句与简单句：复合句,=,简单句,+,从属连词,+,简单句,Put the book,on the desk.,where,you took it.,where,it was.,地点状语,where,you found it.,You cant camp,here.,where,there are,a lot of trees.,wherever,you like.,指出下列各从句的类型,I believe,that everything is going on well.,She was reading a novel,when I came in,.,She is the girl,who sings best in my class.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,Practice,用所给连词连接句子。,He has found out.She was late.(why),He has found out,why,she was late.,I still remember the day.I first went to York on that day.(when),I still remember the day when I first,went to York.,将各组句子连接为一个含有,状语从句,的复合句。,Practice,He didnt come yesterday.He was ill.(,原因,),He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.,Ill give the letter to him.I see him.,（,时间,）,It is such a big box.Nobody can move it.,（,结果,）,Well go to the great wall.Its fine tomorrow.(,条件,),We should not go there all the time.The place is quite pleasant.(,让步）,It is such a big box that nobody can move it.,Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.,Although the place is quite pleasant,we should not go there all the time.,Ill give the letter to him when I see him.,Ill give the letter to him as soon as I see him.,Ill give the letter to him the moment I see him.,