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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,必修,1,话题,1.English language and its development(,英语语言及其发展,),2,Different kinds of English(,不同种类的英语,),功能,Difficulties in language communication(,语言交际困难,),语法,Direct Speech and Indirect Speech(,),：,requests&commands,直接引语和间接引语,(2),：要求和命令,重点,单词,official,，,voyage,，,native,，,latter,，,base,，,present,，,actually,，,block,，,expression,，,identity,，,command,，,request,，,fluent,，,fluently,，,frequent,，,recognize,，,accent,，,straight,课 程 解 读,重点,短语,because of,，,play a part(in),，,come up,，,at present,，,be based on,，,such as,，,even if,，,make use of,，,make sense,重点,句型,1.Today,，,more people speak English as their first,，,second or a foreign language than ever before.,2,Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.,3,Believe it or not,，,there is not such thing as standard English.,1,base n,基础，基地,vt.,以,为基础；以,做根据,归纳拓展,(1)base.on/upon.,以某事物作为另一事物的根据，常用其被动结构,be based on,以,为根据,/,基础。,base sb./sth./oneself in,把某人安置在,(,某地工作或活动,),；以,为据点,(,或总部等,),(2)the base of.,的底部，根基，基础,a military/naval base,军事,/,海军基地,on the basis of,根据,；以,为基础,(3)basement,n,地下室,The 30yearold singer has a strong fan base in England.,在英格兰，那位三十岁的歌手有坚实的歌迷基础。,One should always base ones opinions on facts.,一个人应当总是把想法基于事实之上。,They decided to base the new company in New York.,他们决定将新成立的公司总部设在纽约。,【,链接训练,】,His new story _ what happened in the coal mine many years ago is the best seller this year.,A,based on,B,basing on,C,was based on D,was basing on,【,解析,】,“,以,为基础,”,或,“,以,为根据,”,应该是,base.on,，而根据句意可知,his new story,与,base on,之间应该为被动关系，所以选择,A,，过去分词作定语，修饰,his new story,。,【,答案,】,A,2,present,(1),adj,.,现在的,(,作前置定语,),；出席的；到场的,(,作后置定语或表语,),(2),n,.U,现在，目前；,C,礼物，赠品,(3),vt,.,赠送；呈献,(,常与介词,to,或,with,连用,),；提交；呈现,归纳拓展,(1)at present,现在；目前,(,now),for the present,眼前；暂时,(,for the time being,for the moment),make a present of sth.to sb.,make sb.a present of sth.,把某物赠送给某人,(2)present sb.with sth.,present sth.to sb.,送给某人某物,(3)be present at,出席,(4)presence,n,出席，到场,There were 50 students present at the meeting.,出席会议的有,50,名学生。,Im not at all satisfied with the present situation.,我对目前的情况一点都不满意。,He presented the winner with a silver cup.,He presented a silver cup to the winner.,他把银杯授予了获胜者。,Thirty guests were present at the ceremony.,30,位客人出席了典礼。,【,链接训练,】,I happen to know the man _ the meeting,，,so leave it to me.,A,presented at,B,present at,C,presents,D,present,【,解析,】,be present at,“,出席；在场,”,，此处用形容词短语作定语，故选,B,。,【,答案,】,B,take command of,控制,have a good command of sth.,很好地掌握某事；精通某事物,(,尤指语言,),(2)command sb.to do sth.,命令某人做某事,command that.(should)do.,命令,(that,从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气,),The police arrived and took command of the situation.,警察到达后就控制了局势。,She has a good command of French as a volunteer.,作为志愿者，她精通法语。,She commanded that we(should)leave at once.,她命令我们立即离开。,【,链接训练,】,What _ of Chinese Da Shan _!,A,good command,；,is at B,a good command,；,has,C,good command,；,have D,good command,；,has,【,解析,】,have a good command of sth.,“,很好地掌握,”,，题干为,what,引导的感叹句。,【,答案,】,B,The army officer _ his men to fire as soon as the enemies came up.,A,requested B,commanded,C,begged D,Suggested,【,解析,】,考查动词词义辨析。句意为：那位军官命令士兵们等敌人一走近就开火射击。,command,意为,“,命令，指挥,”,；而,request,意为,“,请求，要求,”,；,beg,意为,“,请求，乞求，恳求,”,；,suggest,意为,“,建议，暗示,”,。相比之下，只有,command,命令意义较强。,【,答案,】,B,4,request vt.&n.,请求，要求,归纳拓展,(1)request sb.to do sth.,请求某人做某事,request sth.from/of sb.,向某人索要某物,request that.(should)do(,虚拟语气,),要求,It is requested that.,据要求,归纳拓展,(2)at sb.s request,at the request of sb.,应某人之要求,by request of(sb.),照,(,某人的,),需要；依照,(,某人的,),请求；应邀,on request,一经请求,make(a)request for sth.,需要某物,Passengers are requested to show their passports.,旅客们被要求出示护照。,The teacher made a request that/requested that the students should be well prepared for the coming exam.,老师要求学生对即将到来的考试做充分的准备。,We are offering these biscuits for sale again at the request of the public.,应大众要求我们再次出售这些饼干。,【,链接训练,】,What a pity,！,The pianist wouldnt listen to our request that he _ in public after his sons death.,A,play B,played,C,would play D,was going to play,【,解析,】,request,后接,that,同位语从句，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，即,should,动词原形，,should,可以省略。,【,答案,】,A,5,recognize(recognise)vt.,辨认出；承认；公认,归纳拓展,(1)recognize ones handwriting/sb./ones voice,辨出某人的字迹,/,认出某人,/,听出某人的声音,recognize sb./sth.by/from.,根据,认出某人,/,物,be recognized as/to be.,被承认是,/,公认为,It is recognized that.,人们公认,(2)recognition,n,认识；认出,I recognized his voice immediately on the telephone.,我立即从电话中听出了他的声音。,Taiwan is recognized as part of China.,台湾被公认为是中国的一部分。,It is recognized that environment pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.,人们一致认为环境污染已经成了人们面对的最严重的问题之一。,【,链接训练,】,Mary,，,is that you,？,I _ you.,Really,？,It isnt a long time since we met last time.,A,didnt recognize,B,hadnt recognized,C,havent recognized D,dont recognize,【,解析,】,表示之前没有认出来，用一般过去时态。,【,答案,】,A,Lincoln is recognized _ one of the greatest presidents in America.,A,as,B,for,C,being,D,like,【,解析,】,be recognized as,“,被认为是,”,。句意为：林肯被认为是美国最伟大的总统之一。,【,答案,】,A,1,because of,因为；由于,归纳拓展,(1),because of,是介词短语，后跟名词、代词、动名词或名词性从句。,because,是从属连词，引导原因状语从句或表语从句，表示主句的根本原因。,(2)due to,n,./,pron,.,由于,(,常作表语，也作后置定语和状语,),thanks to,n,./,pron,.,多亏；由于,(,只作状语,),owing to,n,./,pron,.,由于,(,常作状语或表语,),on account of,n,./,pron,.(,作状语、表语，但不作定语,),She didnt take part in our party because she was ill/because of her illness.,因为生病，她没有参加我们的聚会。,They decided to postpone the trip,，,owing to the change of the weather.,由于天气变化，他们决定延期启程。,The teams success was largely due to her efforts.,这个队的成功在很大程度上是她努力的结果。,That was on account of lack of exercise.,那是由于缺乏锻炼。,诱导展望,(1)due to,一般不可位于句首，如果放在句首，要用,because of,或,owing to,来代替，此时,because of,，,owing to,作状语。,(2)thanks to,可以表达正面意思，,“,幸亏,”,，也可用于讽刺口吻中,(,近于讽刺口吻的,“,感谢,”,),【,链接训练,】,He was late not only _ his illness but also _ he missed the train.,A,because,；,for,B,because of,；,because,C,for,；,because of D,because of,；,because of,【,解析,】,because of,后跟名词作宾语，,because,后跟从句，故应选,B,。,【,答案,】,B,2,come up,(1)(,人,),走近；靠近；接近；上来；出现,(2)(,太阳、月亮等,),升起,(3),被提出，提及,(,主语是被提出的内容，没有被动语态,),(4)(,尤指意想不到地,),发生,(5),发芽，长出地面,归纳拓展,come about,发生,(,happen),；产生,come back,回来；记起；重新流行,come up with,提出；找到,(,答案,),；产生,(,主语是,“,提出者,”,，,with,后面的宾语才是被提出的内容,),come along,进展；进步；进行；一道来,come out,显露；结果是；出版,(,be published),；真相大白,come to,共计；达到；苏醒；谈到,He came up to me and said hello to me.,他走过来向我问好。,The sun came up.,太阳升起来了。,I came up with a proposal and it soon came up at the meeting.,我想出一条建议，很快这条建议在会上被提出来了。,The flowers are just beginning to come up.,那些水仙花刚刚开始发芽。,【,链接训练,】,Its very cool here.Why dont you _?,A,come to B,come up,C,come into D,come up to,【,解析,】,句意为：这里很凉爽，你为什么不走过来呢？,come to,“,共计，达到，苏醒,”,；,come up,“,(,人,),走近；被提出,”,；,come into(sth.),“,继承，得到,(,遗产,),”,；,come up to(sth.),“,达到,(,某点,),”,。根据题意可知答案为,B,。,【,答案,】,B,Tom and his dad thought about the problem for a long time,，,but still couldnt _ a solution.,A,come over B,get along with,C,come out D,come up with,【,解析,】,come up with,意为,“,想出,(,计划,),”,，符合题意。,come over,“,过来；顺便来访,”,；,get along with,“,与,相处,”,；,come out,“,出版,”,。,【,答案,】,D,3,such as/for example/that is/and so on,归纳拓展,(1)such as,用来列举一类事物，放在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，,as,之后不用逗号,(,列举部分事例,),。,(2)for example,作为独立语插入句中，它的位置很灵活，可用在所举例子,(,通常是一个或少数几个,),的前面或后面,(,列举部分事例,),。,(3)that is,用来列举全部事例，放在被列举事例前面，并用逗号隔开，相当于,namely,。,(4)and so on,表示,“,等等，诸如,”,之意。当前面列举几个并列成分以后，用,and so on,加以概括并对尚未列举的事物进行省略。,Many of the programs are well received,，,such as,Follo,w,me,，,Follo,w,me,to,science,.,其中有许多节目很受欢迎，如,跟我学,、,跟我学科学,。,A number of other plants were found in America,，,for example,，,beans.,在美国还发现了许多别的作物，比如豆子。,I have three good friends,，,that is/namely,，,John,，,Jack and Tom.,我有三个好朋友，即约翰、杰克和汤姆。,You can find frogs,，,snakes and so on sleeping under mud in winter.,冬天你会看到青蛙、蛇等一些动物在泥土中冬眠。,诱导展望,区别上述短语的关键是：,判断是列举部分事例还是列举全部事例；,在句中的位置。,【,链接训练,】,A lot of countries have gained excellent achievements in space technology,，,China,，,_.,A,such as B,for example,C,namely D,and so on,【,解析,】,句意为：许多国家在太空技术方面取得了杰出的成就，比如中国。,such as,用于列举时应放在被列举的事物之前，而,for example,作为插入语可以放在句首、句中或句末，故正确答案为,B,。,namely,“,那就是,”,，用于列举出全部；,and so on,意为,“,诸如此类，等等,”,，用于列举未尽，相当于,and so forth,。,【,答案,】,B,4,play a part(in.)(,在,中,),扮演某个角色；,(,在,中,),起作用，相当于,play a role(in.),。,归纳拓展,play an important part/role in,在,中起重要作用,play the leading role/part,起主要作用,play the role/part of(,在剧中,),扮演,(,某个,),角色,He played a leading part in the movement.,他在那次运动中起了重要作用。,He will play the role/part of the doctor in my latest drama.,他将在我最新的戏里扮演医生的角色。,The UN plays an important role/part in international relations.,联合国在国际关系方面扮演着重要的角色,/,起着重要的作用。,【,链接训练,】,Have you really realized the part the computer has _ in the daily life?,A,made B,given,C,caused D,played,【,解析,】,考查,play a part in,短语。,the computer has played in the daily life,为定语从句，修饰,the part,，引导词,that,或,which,省略。,【,答案,】,D,5,Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.,以英语为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。,even if,even though,“,即使；尽管,”,，引导让步状语从句。,归纳拓展,(1)even if/though,引导的让步状语从句，若主、从句皆表示将来的情况，从句中可用一般现在时代替将来时。,(2)even now,意为,“,即使在现在；尽管这样,”,even then,“,即使那时，尽管那样,”,even so“,虽然如此”,She wont attend such parties even if/though she is invited.,即使她被邀请她也不会参加这些宴会。,Ill complete the task in time even if/though I work overnight.,即使我得通宵达旦地工作，也要及时完成任务。,链接训练,】,Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice,，,_ they knew it to be valuable.,A,as if B,now that,C,even though D,so that,【,解析,】,考查从句连词的使用。,even though,引导让步状语从句，意为,“,尽管,”,，句意为：尽管他们知道他的建议很有价值，但许多人都不理会。,as if,“,好像,”,；,now that,“,既然,”,；,so that,“,以便，以至于,”,。,【,答案,】,C,Mr.Brown is the man you can rely on,；,trust me,，,_ I have opposed him.,A,as if B,so that,C,even though D,while,【,解析,】,even though,“,尽管，即使,”,，符合句意。句意为：布朗先生是你可以信赖的人；相信我，尽管我曾经反对过他。,【,答案,】,C,6,Believe it or not,，,there is no such thing as standard English.,信不信由你，,(,世界上,),没有什么标准英语。,(1)believe it or not,信不信由你,believe it or not,在句中常用作插入语。这句口语用在说话者要告诉对方一件事，但这件事连说话者自己都觉得难以置信，所以在告诉对方这件事之前，先加一句,believe it or not,。,Believe it or not,，,another typhoon is coming.,信不信由你，又有一场台风要来了。,Whats going on,？发生了什么事？,Believe it or not,，,we won the game.,信不信由你，我们竟然赢了比赛。,(2)no such thing,没有这样的事情,such,“,如此的，这样的,”,，当,such,用于此义与,a/an,连用时要放在,a/an,的前面；如果,such,与,all,，,no,，,some,，,any,，,few,，,little,，,many,，,much,，,several,，,one,等连用时，应位于它们的后面，构成,“,no/all/one/many/few/.,such,名词,”,结构。其中,no/one,such,可数名词单数时，这个名词前的不定冠词应省略。,There are many such rooms here,，,so I cant find out which one is mine.,这里有许多这样的房间，因此我找不到哪个是我自己的了。,One such book is enough.,这样的书一本就够了。,【,链接训练,】,Jerry looks dumb,，,but _,，,hes the smartest boy in our class.,A,as a result B,generally speaking,C,believe it or not D,at last,【,解析,】,句意为：杰瑞看起来傻乎乎的，但信不信由你，他是我们班最聪明的男孩。,as a result,“,结果是,”,；,generally speaking,“,一般来说,”,；,at last,“,最终,”,，这三个短语都不能正确表达前后句的逻辑关系。,【,答案,】,C,许多这样的事故以前发生过。,(,翻译句子,),_,【,答案,】,Many such accidents have happened before.,直接引语和间接引语,(,二,),祈使句变间接引语的用法,1,直接引语如果是肯定的祈使句，变为间接引语时，必须把谓语动词变为动词不定式作宾语补足语，并在动词不定式之前用,tell(,让,),，,ask(,请,),，,order(,命令,),，,command(,命令,),，,warn(,警告,),，,advise(,建议,),等含有祈使意义的动词。即：,tell/ask/order/command sb.to do sth.,。,若祈使句为否定式，在动词不定式之前加,not,。这样，句型变为,tell/ask/order/command sb.not to do sth.,的形式。,“,Hurry up.”he said.He told me to hurry up.,He said to them,，“,Dont go out.”,He ordered them not to go out.,2,有些表建议、要求或劝告的祈使句变为间接引语时，可以用,suggest,，,insist,，,offer,等动词加以转述，此时要注意这些词的固定搭配。,He said,，“,Lets go to the museum.”,He suggested that we(should)go to the museum.,3,直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语可以用,what,或,how,引导，也可以用,that,引导。,She said,，,“,What a lovely day it is,！,”,She said what a lovely day it was.(,或：,She said that it was a lovely day.),注意：,有些感叹句的转述要根据原句的意思采用适当的动词变为陈述句。,“,Happy New Year,！,”,he said.,He wished me a Happy New Year.,【,链接训练,】,“Dont give up the hope before you really try hard.”Sam said.,变间接引语为,_,A,Sam asked me not to give up the hope before I really try hard.,B,Sam told me not to give up the hope before I really tried hard.,C,Sam asked me not to give up the hope before you really try hard.,D,Sam told me not to give up the hope before I really try hard.,【,解析,】,祈使句变间接引语时常用,ask/tell sb.(not)to do sth.,，注意人称和时态的变化。,【,答案,】,B,“,Will you come here next Sunday,？,”,Sunny asked.,变间接引语为,_,A,Sunny told us to come here next Sunday.,B,Sunny told us to go there next Sunday.,C,Sunny asked if we would go there the next Sunday.,D,Sunny asked us to come here the next Sunday.,【,解析,】,一般疑问句变为间接引语时常用,if,或,whether,引导。,【,答案,】,C,What did the doctor say?,He _ Jim to _ in bed for 2 days.,A,said,；,lie B,advised,；,lay,C,advised,；,lain D,told,；,lie,【,解析,】,考查间接引语中动词的选用及搭配。,tell sb.to do sth.,“,告诉某人做某事,”,；,say sb.to do sth.,不搭配，所以排除,A,项；,advise,后虽可接,sb.to do sth.,，但是,B,项和,C,项的,lay,和,lain,都不是躺,“,lie,”,的原形，所以都被排除掉。,【,答案,】,D,“,Be careful with the dog,，,”,said he.,He _ me to be careful with the dog.,A,said B,warned,C,begged D,hoped,【,解析,】,考查间接引语的动词选用。句意为：他告诫我小心那条狗。,warn,是,“,告诫，警告，提醒,”,的意思；,A,项和,D,项搭配不对；,C,项的,beg,是,“,请求；恳求,”,的意思，所以也不对，排除掉。,【,答案,】,B,
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