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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,必修 3 Unit 4,Astronomy:the science of the stars,第1页,重点单词,1._,n,.天文学,_,n,.天文学家,_,n,.宇航员,2._,n,.系统；体系；制度,3._,n,.宗教；宗教信仰,_,adj,.宗教上；信仰宗教；虔诚,4._,n,.学说；理论,5._,n,.球体；地球仪；地球,_,adj,.全球性；全世界,6._,adj,.猛烈；激烈；强暴,_,n,.暴力；激烈；猛烈,_,adv,.暴力地；猛烈地,7._,n,.大气层；气氛,astronomy,astronomer,astronaut,system,religion,religious,theory,globe,global,violent,violence,violently,atmosphere,学生用书见P,69,第2页,重点单词,unlike,fundamental,harmful,harm,harmless,multiply,puzzle,Puzzled,biology,biologist,satellite,physicist,physics,8._,prep,.不一样；不像,9._,adj,.基本；基础,10._,adj,.有害,_,n,.&,vt,.损害；伤害；危害,_,adj,.无害,11._,vi,.&,vt,.乘；增加,12._,n,.谜；难题,vt.&vi.,（使）迷惑；（使）为难,_,adj,.迷惑不解,13._,n,.生物学,_,n,.生物学家,14._,n,.卫星；人造卫星,15._,n,.物理学家,_,n,.物理学,第3页,重点单词,climate,weather,crash,pull,push,float,exist,existence,exhaust,exhaustion,exhausted,exhausting,16._,n,.气候,_,n,.天气,17._,vi.&vt,.碰撞；坠落,18._,n.&vt,.拉（力）；拖；牵引力,_,n.&vt,.推;推进,推进,19._,vi.&vt.,（使）浮动；（使）漂浮n.漂浮物,20._,vi,.存在；生存,_,n,.存在,21._,vt,.用尽；耗尽；使筋疲力尽,_,n,.耗尽;枯竭;精疲力竭,_,adj,.耗尽；用完；精疲力竭,_,adj,.使耗尽;使人精疲力竭,第4页,重点短语,match.with,in time,give birth to,in ones turn,prevent.from,block out,cheer up,now that,break out,1._ 使和相匹配,2._ 及时；终于,3._ 产生；分娩,4._ 轮到某人；接着,5._ 阻止；阻止,6._ 挡住（光线）,7._ 感到高兴；感到振奋,8._ 既然,9._ 突发；暴发,第5页,重点短语,watch out,think of.as,come into being,make a trip,get close to.,step forward,10._ 亲密注视；当心；提防,11._ 把看作是,12._ 产生；形成,13._ 去旅行,14._ 靠近,15._ 向前迈步,第6页,1.make it+形容词/名词+to do sth.,This produced a chain reaction,which,made it possible for life to develop,.（教材P,26,）,2.“A+倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as+B”倍数表示法,But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried,twice as far as,on the earth and fell over.（教材P,31,）,3.now that引导原因状语从句,“Oh dear，”I cried，walking does need a bit of practice,now that,gravity has changed.（教材P,31,）,重点句型,第7页,语法关键点,主语从句,What it was to become,was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.（教材P,25,）,Why they suddenly disappeared,still remains a mystery.（教材P,26,）,第8页,atmosphere,n,.大气层，空气；环境，气氛,They were in time to produce carbon,nitrogen,water vapour and other gases,which were to make the earths,atmosphere,.（教材P,26,）,最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其它气体，从而形成了地球大气层。,1,学生用书见P,70,第9页,The waste they create goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick.,它们制造出来废气进入大气中，造成我们生病。,The simple atmosphere of the office calmed me.,办公室简单气氛让我平静下来。,Ever since their quarrel,there has been an unpleasant atmosphere in the office.,自从他们发生口角以来，办公室里总有一个不愉快气氛。,第10页,harmful,adj,.有害,What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve,harmful,gases and acids into the oceans and seas.(教材P,26,),很多科学家相信，因为地球上长久有水存在，它使得地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。,2,第11页,(1)be harmful to.对有害,harm,n.&vt,.伤害；损害,do harm to./do.harm 损害,There is no harm in doing sth./It does no harm to do sth.,做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处),(3)harmless,adj,.无害,(2),第12页,Your smoking can,be harmful to,the health of your children.,你吸烟会危及孩子健康。,Air pollution and noise pollution caused by automobiles,do harm to,our health.,由汽车引发空气和噪音污染对我们健康造成了危害。,There is no harm in,drinking occasionally.,偶然喝点酒没有什么坏处。,It does no harm to,read more books.,多读点书对你没有坏处。,The trouble was sparked off by an apparently harmless phrase.,这场麻烦是由一句显著无恶意话引发。,第13页,puzzle,vt,.使迷惑；使为难；使窘困；,vi,.感到迷惑,n,.(游戏)猜谜；难题；谜,How life began on earth is one of the biggest,puzzles,that scientists found hard to solve.（教材P,27,）,地球生命怎样起源是科学家们以为极难处理最大难题之一。,3,第14页,puzzle over/about sth.苦苦思索；仔细琢磨,puzzle sth.out 琢磨出答案,puzzled,adj,.迷惑不解(惯用来修饰人),puzzling,adj.,令人迷惑不解(惯用来修饰事物),(1),(2),第15页,I am puzzled by his failure to reply.,我弄不懂他为何不给我回信。,What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone.,令我百思不解是他为何悄悄地离开了这个国家。,I have been,puzzling about,this question for weeks now.,我对这个问题已冥思苦想了好几个星期。,She managed to,puzzle out,the meaning of that long sentence.,她总算把那个长句意思琢磨出来了。,Her puzzled look on her face suggested she didnt understand what I said.,她脸上迷惑表情表明她不明白我说话。,第16页,pull,n&vt.,拉(力)；拖；牵引力,As the rocket rose into the air，we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the,pull,of the earths gravity.（教材P,30,）,伴随火箭升空，我们被重重地推回到座位上，因为我们正尽力摆脱地球引力。,4,第17页,pull back 撤回,pull down 拆毁；摧毁;把往下拉；使下跌,pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边，停靠,pull on 穿；戴,pull out 驶出；(使)退出；（列车）出站,pull over (车辆)向路边停靠；驶向路边,pull through 康复，痊愈；渡过难关,pull up 拔起；停车；阻止,Pull oneself together 振作起来,第18页,He pulled the door open and rushed out.,他拉开门，冲了出去。,Several houses were,pulled down,to make way for the new road.,为了给新修道路让路，几座房屋被拆毁了。,The police car signaled to us to,pull in,.,警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。,We waved as the train,pulled out,of the station.,火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。,The doctor told me that I would,pull through,.,医生告诉我我会康复。,第19页,in time,及时；终于；总有一天,They were,in time,to produce carbon,nitrogen,water vapour and other gases,which were to make the earths,atmosphere.(教材P,25-26,),最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其它气体，从而形成了地球大气层。,1,学生用书见P,71,第20页,on time 按时；按时,in no time 马上；马上,ahead of time 提前，提早,all the time 一直；一直,at a time 一次；每次,at one time 曾经；一度,at the same time 同时,take ones time 别着急；慢慢来,from time to time 有时，偶然,kill time 消磨时间,once upon a time 从前，很久以前,第21页,He managed to send the tourists to the airport,in time,.,他设法把游客及时送到机场。,After the accident,the injured were taken to the nearest hospital,in no time,.,事故发生后，受伤人员立刻被送进了最近医院。,At one time,，half the land on the Earths surface was covered by forest.,曾经，地球表面有二分之一土地被森林覆盖。,The technicians and experts of both parties should hold meetings,from time to time,for technical exchange.,我们双方技术人员和教授要经常碰头，进行技术交流。,第22页,in ones turn,轮到某人；接着,Thus they have，,in their turn,，become the most important animals on the planet.（教材P,26,）,于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最主要动物。,2,第23页,in turn 依次，轮番;反之，反过来,by turns 轮番；交替地,take turns to do sth.=take turns(in/at)doing sth.,轮番做某事,（2）It is ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事,（1）,第24页,When it is,in my turn,，I am too excited to speak.,当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。,All theories are derived from practice and,in turn,serve practice.,全部理论都起源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。,The students,take turns to clean,the classroom.,学生们轮番清扫教室。,Now,it is your turn to look,after the children.,现在轮到你照看孩子了。,第25页,prevent.from.,阻止/阻止做,They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which,prevents,heat,from,escaping from the earth into space.（教材P,26,）,他们把过多二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上热不能释放到太空中去。,3,第26页,prevent+宾语+(from)doing,stop+宾语+(from)doing,keep+宾语+from doing,注：stop/prevent.(from)doing sth.中from 能够省 略，而keep.from doing sth.中得from不能够省略。以上三个短语用于被动语态时，from均不可省略。,（2）protect/shelter/guard.from.保护不受侵袭(from后接能带来伤害或损害之物),（1）,阻止某人干某事,第27页,No one can,prevent,this plan,from,being carried out.,谁也不能阻止这个计划实施。,His advice,prevented/kept/stopped,me,from,making a serious mistake.,他忠言使我免于犯严重错误。,He wears sunglasses to,protect,his eyes,from,the strong sunlight.,他戴墨镜保护眼睛使其免受太阳光伤害。,第28页,make it,+形容词/名词+,to do sth.,This produced a chain reaction,which,made it possible for life to develop.,（教材P,26,）,这就产生了连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。,在make it+,adj./n,.for sb./sth.+to do sth.结构中,it是形式宾语，真正宾语是后面带to不定式，而形容词(或名词)充当了宾语补足语成份。另外，it作形式宾语，除了可指代不定式结构外，还可指代that引导宾语从句：make it+形容词/名词+that从句。,1,学生用书见P,72,第29页,“make宾语宾语补足语”四种形式：,名词或形容词,不带to 不定式,过去分词,介词短语,make+宾语+宾语补足语,第30页,They made it clear to the public that they did an important and necessary job.,他们向公众表明，他们所做工作主要且必不可少。,Praise makes good men better and bad men worse.,赞扬使好人更加好，坏人更坏。,The boss made him work long time.,老板强迫他长时间工作。,When I first came to New York,I had a lot of trouble making myself understood.,我刚到纽约时，想让他人听懂我话非常困难。,“Make yourself at home,”the hostess said to me as soon as I entered the house.,我刚一进门，女主人就对我说：“就像在你自己家一样。”,第31页,“A,+倍数+,as,+形容词或副词原级+,as,+,B,”倍数表示法,But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried,twice as far as,on the earth and fell over.（教材P,31,）,而当我试着向前迈步时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子跨度竟是在地球上两倍，因而我摔倒了。,2,第32页,倍数表示法：,(1)“A+倍数+形容词或副词比较级+than+B”,表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。,(2)“A+倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as+B”，表示“A是B多少倍”。,(3)“A+倍数+the size/height/length/width,etc.+of+B”,表示“A(尺寸/高/长/宽等)是B多少倍”。,as much+不可数名词,as many+可数名词,+as.,(4)A+倍数+,第33页,There are,five times more,books in our library,than,in yours.,我们图书馆里书比你们图书馆里书多五倍。,He has read,twice as many,books,as,I have.,他读过书是我读过两倍。,My house is,twice the size of,my parents.,我房子是我父母两倍大。,Our city has experienced,twice as much rain,this year as it did last year.,我们城市今年雨水量是去年两倍。,第34页,now that,引导原因状语从句,“Oh dear，”I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice,now that,gravity has changed.”（教材P,31,）,“天哪，”我大声说,“重力改变了，看来走路也确实需要练一练了。”,3,本句中，now that是固定短语，意为“因为，既然”，引导原因状语从句，有时that能够省略。,第35页,Now that,I have nothing to do，I can enjoy music for a little while.,既然无事可做，我能够听一会儿音乐了。,Now that,you cant answer the question，Ill ask someone else.,既然你回答不出这个问题，我就问他人了。,第36页,.品句填词,（用所给词恰当形式或依据语境写一个适当词）,1.Scientists are not sure about the,(exist)of water on Mars,so whether humans can live on it isnt proved.,【答案】1.existence,2.The,(puzzle)expression on his face suggested that he was not able to work out the difficult problem.So the teacher had to help him.,【答案】2.puzzled,3.He also said the government must be willing to spend extra money to prevent people,starving.,【答案】3.from,4.When I started writing my book,two months after returning from the Amazon,I was already blocking,the hard time and selectively remembering an excitement-packed two-year adventure.,【答案】4.out,学生用书见P,73,第37页,5.To add to the shock factor,60%of respondents(调查对象)admitted they shared make-up with friends and family,(multiply)the chance of infection.,【答案】5.multiplying,6.I do believe what children eat is fundamental,their health,growth and development.,【答案】6.to,7.Eating too many desserts can be,(harm)to ones teeth.,【答案】7.harmful,8.At all times,you should watch,out fake websites offering downloads in exchange for your credit card number.,【答案】8.for,第38页,9.They found the crashed aircraft had been smashed to pieces,killing all 4 aboard,3 of,were foreigners.,【答案】9.whom,10.Europe was initially,(exhaust)but,with the help of the Marshall Plan,back on its feet within a decade.,【答案】10.exhausted,第39页,.单句改错,（含词汇和本单元语法）,1.Schoolwork burden is a special phenomenon,which will encourage students to develop when it is appropriate,and will be harmful against students and useless to education when it is excessive.,【答案】,againstto,2.I felt so upset and I was puzzling.I didnt move until the young security man asked me several times.,【答案】,puzzlingpuzzled,3.The current global imbalance has been existed for decades for deeply-rooted reasons,many of which simply reflect common-sense reality.,【答案】,去掉been,第40页,4.At the driving school different people at different ages have the same goal and under the instruction of the coach the trainees took turn to drive.,【答案】,turnturns,5.By creating this pond,they are preventing soil from washed away,and they are creating a place where new plants and insects can flourish.,【答案】,在washed 前加being,6.His father continued to encouraged him but also made it clear he did not have to play football if he didnt want to.,【答案】,在clear 后加that,7.The other problem is that,should this strategy stop working,China will be able to change it.,【答案】,thatwhether,第41页,8.You cant learn English well without watch out for idiomatic ways of saying things.,【答案】,watchwatching,9.The use of computers as a medium of communication has given for a new language phenomenoncyber language.,【答案】,forto,10.He will come to the conference has excited every one of us;we have been looking forward to seeing him for years.,【答案】,在句首加That,第42页,Small plants multiplied and 6.,（fill）the first oceans and seas with oxygen.This encouraged the 7.,（develop）of early shellfish and fish.Land animals such as insects,reptiles and dinosaurs appeared 8.,green plants appeared.Small clever animalsspread all over the earth.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,which prevents heat 9.,the earth into space.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years 10.,will depend on whether this problem can be solved.,filled,development,to,come,after,from,.课文语法填空,At the very beginning the earth was just a cloud of dust after the“Big Bang”.Then the dust combined into a ball 1.,(move)around the sun.The earth became so violent 2.,it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.The earth exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were 3.,time to produce many things,4.,were to make the earths atmosphere.As the earth cooled down,water began to appear on its surface.It allowed the earth 5,.(,dissolve)harmful gases.Then life began to develop.,moving,that,in,which,to dissolve,第43页,
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