我不想买SMART汽车资料.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Suppliers and Distributors,8-,*,Case study,Apple Computer,19961997,Lost nearly 1.9 billion,1998,made 309 million,The reasons of Apples success,The return of confounder Steve Jobs,The introduction of new products(iMac),Remaking the companys inefficient supply chain,Outsourcing most manufacturing and assembly work to contract manufacturers,1,Suppliers and Distributors,個案,我不想買,SMART,汽車,2,Suppliers and Distributors,Supply chain management,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,The complete sequence of activates that move goods from the source of raw materials to ultimate consumers,8-,3,Suppliers and Distributors,Competitive advantage of supply chain management,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Improve the,quality of products,Improve the,speed,at which they get to,market,Improve the ability to provide good,customer service,Improve the,delivery schedules,8-,4,Suppliers and Distributors,The focuses of supply chain management,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of,distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Suppliers,Production operations,Distributors,Purchasers,Information system,8-,5,Suppliers and Distributors,Case study Wal-Mart,Building a,hub-and-spoke network,of distribution centers surrounded by stores not more than a,days truck drive away,and has created a state-of-the art,information system,that,links its stores and suppliers,.,Faster deliveries,Fresher merchandise,Fewer markdowns,Lower labor costs,6,Suppliers and Distributors,Suppliers,are“,necessary evils,or“,partners,”?,公開招標,(,三家以上比價,)or,夥伴關係,?,7,Suppliers and Distributors,Purchasing and supplier relations,Supply chain,Purchasing and supplier relations,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of,distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Past,Adversarial relationship,Today,partners,8-,8,Suppliers and Distributors,Adversarial relationship,Supply chain,Purchasing and supplier relations,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Business,withhold information,from their suppliers,Set,suppliers against each other,in aggressive bidding struggles,Not to build long-term commitments,with each other,8-,9,Suppliers and Distributors,Results of adversarial relationship,Supply chain,Purchasing and supplier relations,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Large supplier bases,Short-term contracts,8-,10,Suppliers and Distributors,Advantage of adversarial relationship,Supply chain,Purchasing and supplier relations,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Ensured,adequate supplies,Allowed firms to pressure vendors for,price concessions,8-,11,Suppliers and Distributors,問題,機械臂向甲廠商購買，輸送帶向乙廠商購買，自動倉儲向丙廠商購買,系統整合？,12,Suppliers and Distributors,Partnering relationship,Supply chain,Purchasing and supplier relations,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Cooperate with each other,Share information,Help each other succeed,8-,13,Suppliers and Distributors,Advantage of Partnering relationship,Supply chain,Purchasing and supplier relations,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Long-term cost savings,Higher quality products,8-,14,Suppliers and Distributors,個案討論,豐田汽車的中衛體系,DaimlerChrysler Presourcing(,預選供應來源,),15,Suppliers and Distributors,Qualification criteria and evaluation programs for supplier(Campbell Soup),Supply chain,Purchasing and supplier relations,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Technical capabilities,Financial health,Cost-effectiveness,High quality standards,innovativeness,8-,16,Suppliers and Distributors,問題,汽車製造廠,輪胎、燈具,、座椅、安全帶,是否要自製？,17,Suppliers and Distributors,Why firms are outsourcing,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Of the 100 largest U.S.Corporations 77%contract with outside firms to provide resources Why?,Allows the firm to,concentrate,on its core competencies,8-,18,Suppliers and Distributors,Why firms are outsourcing,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Of the 100 largest U.S.Corporations 77%contract with outside firms to provide resources Why?,Many of the firms functions can be done,better and cheaper,by those who specialize in that function,8-,19,Suppliers and Distributors,個案,世新大學保全體系,榮民總醫院清潔作業,20,Suppliers and Distributors,Advantages to global outsourcing,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Global outsourcing allows firms to take advantage of,changes in economies,that can create,cost savings,8-,21,Suppliers and Distributors,Case study Canon,Internal components,is produced in,Taiwan,Casings,made in,South Korea,Assembly,done in the,Philippines,Finished copiers,warehoused in,Los Angeles,London Melbourne,and Tokyo,22,Suppliers and Distributors,Channels of Distribution,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Direct distribution channel,The path in which products move from a producer to the ultimate user,without an intermediary,.,Example:Dell computer,Marketing intermediaries,Individuals or organizations that help,move goods,and,services,between a producer and user.,8-,23,Suppliers and Distributors,Type of marketing intermediaries,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Wholesalers(,大盤商,),Agents(,代理商,),Retail stores(,零售商,),Vending machines(,自動販賣機,),8-,24,Suppliers and Distributors,Contrast direct distribution with intermediaries,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,8-,25,Suppliers and Distributors,Why firms use intermediaries,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,They can,reach users,that a firm might not otherwise be able to access(,例如，零售商店,),They,create utility,(,時間、地點,),Providing,services,(,例如，旅行社之一次購足、電腦零售商之運送安裝,),Potentially,lower cost,(,物流中心,vs.,數以千計之製造商,),8-,26,Suppliers and Distributors,Wholesalers,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Marketing intermediaries who sell to other businesses for re-sale to ultimate consumers.,Types of wholesaler,Merchant wholesalers(,商品大盤商,),An independently owned firm that takes,legal possession of goods,produced by a variety of manufacturers and then,resells,those goods,to other businesses,.,Agents(,代理商,),They dont take,ownership,of the products they sell.,8-,27,Suppliers and Distributors,Classification of merchant wholesalers,1,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Full-function(,warehousing.Delivery,financing,),Rack jobbers(,上架批發商,),Full-function merchant wholesalers who,stock,display,and,service,particular products,in retail stores,paying,the,retailer a commission,based on sales.,8-,28,Suppliers and Distributors,Classification of merchant wholesalers,2,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Limited-function(,specialized set of services,),Drop shippers(,直接裝運者,),After receiving an order from a customer,drop shippers have the merchandise,shipped directly from the producer to the customer,.,They provide,no inventories,warehousing,or,delivery,They provide their,knowledge,and,relationships with producers,and his,skills at negotiation,the best possible price.,Example:lumber industry,8-,29,Suppliers and Distributors,Agents,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,They act as the,sales arm,of manufacturers who dont have their own sales force.,Independent agents,add value,to the distribution channel through their,product expertise,and the r,elationships,they build,with customers,.,8-,30,Suppliers and Distributors,個案,國裕關係企業代理,Moser,Meissen,SOHER,31,Suppliers and Distributors,Retail distribution,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Global sourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Retailer,An intermediary who,sells goods and services,directly to the ultimate consumer,Classification of retailers,Store,Nonstore,Telemarketing(,電話行銷,),Infomercials(,購物頻道,),Multilevel marketing(,多層次傳銷,),Automatic vending machines(,自動販賣機,),Internet sales(,網路銷售,),8-,32,Suppliers and Distributors,案例,金融保險，報紙,(telemarketing),東森購物,(infomercials),安麗,(multilevel marketing),橘子媽媽,(internet sales),Dell Computer(internet sales),33,Suppliers and Distributors,Three types of retail distribution strategies,1,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Intensive distribution(,多重通路,),Product in,as many,retail outlets,as possible,.,This strategy works well with,low-priced,convenience goods,.,Selective distribution(,選擇性通路,),Product to a limited group of retailers.,This strategy is frequently chosen by manufacturers of,luxury or expensive products,.,Customers,of these products tends to,require,more time,and,product information,Closer relationships,with retailers,8-,34,Suppliers and Distributors,Three types of retail distribution strategies,2,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Exclusive distribution(,單一通路,),Products in,one retail outlet,in geographical area.,For products that are,expensive,and for which the manufacturer wants to maintain,control of the brand image,.,8-,35,Suppliers and Distributors,案例,康師父,(,便利商店、超級市場、量販店,),LV,，,PRADA,(,專門店特定百貨公司設櫃,),MINI,(,汎德,),，,SMART,(,中華賓士,),36,Suppliers and Distributors,Differentiation,of retailers,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,:,Price,Service,Location,Selection,Customer experience,8-,37,Suppliers and Distributors,案例,Southwest Air,，屈臣氏,(price),N,，選擇聯強貨，服務有把握，淨水器,(service),7-11(7,元的商品賣,11,元,?),(location),麗麗傢俱，應有盡有,，特利屋,(selection),McDonalds kids playlands,，,REI,(customer experience),38,Suppliers and Distributors,Factors affecting channel selection,1,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Market segment,Small,number,of target buyers,concentrated,in close proximity to each other,who make,frequent purchases,A direct channel,Product characteristics,The,higher,a products,price,the more,perishable,product,the more that product is,customized,the,shorter the distribution channel,8-,39,Suppliers and Distributors,Factors affecting channel selection,2,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Producer resources,Firms that are,large,and,financially,strong A,direct channel,or at least keep the distribution channel short,Complexity of the producers,product line,Firms that produce an,extensive product line,A,direct channel,8-,40,Suppliers and Distributors,Factors affecting channel selection,3,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Degree of control sought,The,more intermediaries,that a firm uses,the,more control it loses,.,8-,41,Suppliers and Distributors,Managing channel relations,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Transportation modes,Providing,support,to intermediaries,Training,Information,Rewards,Minimizing,channel,conflicts,Disagreements among members,in their distribution channel,Power differences,in the distribution channel,Major brands,are adding,direct sales,to their distribution channels,8-,42,Suppliers and Distributors,案例,Waterman,的羽毛筆,移植,Dell Computer,的成功經驗,?,MONT BLANC,收回代理權,43,Suppliers and Distributors,Physical distribution,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Physical distribution,The activities required to,move a product,efficiently,from the,end of the production line,to the,end user,.,Primary,decisions,of physical distribution,Where,the product will be,stored,How,it will be,transported,Inventory,control,Materials handling,8-,44,Suppliers and Distributors,Warehousing,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Physical distribution,The storing of products as they move through the distribution channel.,Types of warehouses,Storage warehouses,Storage facilities that store products for extended periods of time.,Distribution centers(DC),8-,45,Suppliers and Distributors,Changing role of warehousing,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Physical distribution,Past,Owned and operated,by the manufacturers,themselves,Basic purpose was to provide,storage,for finished goods,Today,Fewer and larger,warehouses,Outsourcing control,to warehousing specialists,Implementing,sophisticated warehouse,management systems,to improve efficiency,Turning storage warehouses into,distribution centers,8-,46,Suppliers and Distributors,Modes of Transportation,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Physical distribution,Truck(,公路,),Rail(,鐵路,),Water(,水路,),Pipeline(,導管,),Air(,航空,),8-,47,Suppliers and Distributors,Truck,1,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Physical distribution,特徵,車路分離,富於機動性,及門運送服務,(door to door service),公共性高,8-,48,Suppliers and Distributors,Truck,2,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Physical distribution,優點,方便性高,及門運輸,限時或臨時急需之貨物運送,短程運輸為所有運輸工具最快者,運用靈活,普及性高,經營容易,缺點,運載量小,安全性較低,8-,49,Suppliers and Distributors,企業自用車隊的優缺點,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Physical distribution,優點,減少運輸時間,方便排定行程,減少產品損壞程度,增加公司競爭力,提供租用車隊無法提供之服務,(,司機兼推銷員,),缺點,增加固定成本與營運成本,8-,50,Suppliers and Distributors,Rail,1,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Physical distribution,特徵,投資成本龐大,:,土地,軌道,車輛,終點設備,維護,路線容量高,具自動控制的能力,專用路權,車路一體或車路分離,8-,51,Suppliers and Distributors,Rail,2,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholesalers,Retail distribution,Physical distribution,優點,長途運量大,安全性高,運價低廉,受氣候限制小,8-,52,Suppliers and Distributors,Rail,3,Supply chain,Outsourcing,Channels of Distribution,Wholes