大学英语专业写作Precis省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,The Prcis,A prcis is a clear concise,orderly summary of the contents of a piece of writing.,第1页,How do you pronounce this strange word?,Pray-see.,I used to pray to see,until I got my glassesnow I can see everything just fine!Hah-hah,never let anyone tell you an owl cant be funny,.,第2页,that is a concentration of ideas from the original piece of writing,that is boiled down so that only the,essence,of the original remains,A prcis is a passage:,第3页,A prcis is a brief summary,written in your own words,of a longer piece of writing.,It is a condensed version of the essential content of the original material.,A prcis contains no comments,no opinions of your own.It contains no details,no examples,no illustrations.,The language should be clear and concise,with all the unnecessary words left out.,It should be the shortest possible account of what you have read.,第4页,Places where a prcis could be used include:,To shorten or summarize:,newspaper articles,legal papers and laws,rules and regulations,announcements,directions,business,letters,speeches and conversations,interviews,books&magazine articles,&,lectures,第5页,Step 1,Count the number of words in the original-your prcis is 1015%the length of the original.,Understand first.Read the original piece carefully,and,more than once!,Before you begin to summarize,you must first understand what is being said!,WHAT?You mean I have to write a prcis?How do I do that?,You should annotate the article as you are reading it to understand the structure and how each paragraph contributes to the whole article.,第6页,Step 2:Sentence condensing,Understand the central idea of each sentence.Cross out unneeded description.,Summarize each sentence of the article,Look at the example on the right.,“,There is no icon in Canadian business more universally revered than Tim Hortons”.,Would become,Tim Hortons is a revered Canadian icon,OR,Tim Hortons is an icon in Canada(even shorter),第7页,Step 3:Use a dictionary!,Look up any words,or allusions that you dont understand.In the previous example,if you didnt know what the work“Icon”meant,youd have missed out on much of the meaning of the sentence.,Icon,and,revered,.what the heck do those words mean?,第8页,Still on step 3.,.,Pick out key words,think what their relation in thought is,and in this way find the central idea,Include all articles(a,an,the)and prepositions(in,on out,of)that were in the original.,Count contractions(dont,cant)as 2 words!,There is a fine balance between cutting out too much of the original,and getting down to the length of the original without loosing the overall essence.,第9页,Step 4:,Express your ideas concisely,Omit interjections i,.e.),There was once a time,in the distant past,when I blah blah,becomes,Omit appositives,i.e.),Jane Goodall,a remarkable woman,is someone who should become,blah,blah,blah becomes,Omit words that are used for emphasis,i.e.),mediation becomes a constant inner unmasking,a peeling off of layer after layer of masks.,Blah,blah,blah,i,.e.)There was once a time when I blah blah,Jane Goodall is someone who should become,mediation is a constant inner unmasking.Blah,blah,blah,第10页,Still on step 4:,Change similes and metaphors,i.e.)her thoughts in the morning are as tangled as her hair.Could become:,Her morning thoughts are incoherent.,Or he burst out of the door like an explosion could become:,He burst out of the door.,Omit rhetorical questions by changing them to statements of fact.,So“arent there?”,Could become:,.,There are many ways to eat an ice cream cone.,Use hyphenated expressions where possible because they count only as one word.So a dog with one eye becomes a one-eyed-dog,and counts as 1 word!,第11页,So to summarize:,Step 1,Step 2,Step 3,Step 4,Count words in,original,Cross out description,Get a dictionary,Omit,interjections,Read,original,Summarize sentences,-check for various meanings,Omit,appositives,Re-read,original,Summarize,paragraphs,-check for spelling,Omit,emphasis words,Annotate original,Check for overall idea of,“,X”,all articles,Change,metaphor/&similes,Understand sentences,-each sentence and,“,X”,all prepositions,Omit,rhetorical,Questions,Understand paragraph meanings,-each paragraph,Write your prcis!,第12页,Now for a giant leap,Lets go through some examples,and be more specific,第13页,Sentence 1,Your first sentence in the prcis should have:,the name of author,the genre&title of the work,date in parentheses,an active verb(,such as,assert argue suggest imply claim“)and,a,THAT,clause,which contains the thesis statement of the work,.,This sentence is the,who,&the,what,of the original work.,第14页,Example for Sentence 1,Phillipa Gregorys,novel,The Other Boleyn Girl,(),implies,that,ambition possesses the power to corrupt and dispense true gratification,filling the heart solely with desire infused with greed and the ravenous hunger to reign.,Notice the,who,and,what,is clearly defined in the first prcis sentence.,第15页,Sentence 2:should contain:,an explanation of,how,the author develops and/or supports the thesis,This is,usually,done in chronological order.,第16页,Example of Sentence 2,Gregory develops this assertion through vivid description of life in the Tudor court and examination of cut-throat antics of a ruthless family-members of whom will execute to attain absolute power.,第17页,Sentence 3 should be:,A statement of the authors apparent,purpose,followed by an,in order,phrase.,第18页,Example for Sentence 3,Gregorys purpose of elaborating on ambition is to depict the outlandish lengths one will embark,in order to,fill a selfish void within ones greedy and desperate soul.,第19页,Sentence 4,Sentence 4:,A description of the intended audience and/or the relationship the author establishes with the,audience,.,第20页,Example for Sentence 4,Gregory engages the average woman through the themes of scandal,conniving competition,and passionate lust,all of which evokes every womans desire to be a queen.,第21页,Now you are ready to start paraphrasing,Study,each paragraph,read,it to understand the main points,then,summarize,the main points in your own words,第22页,Remember the following:,A prcis retells the highlights so a reader will know main sections of the original,Writing a Prcis,Prcis is a clear,concise,orderly summary of the contents of a piece of writing.,第23页,A prcis has only the,essential,details&they must be correct&accurate,第24页,A prcis must be an original piece of writing that is less than 10-15%length of the original.,A four page article will become a one page prcis,All words in the prcis must be originalA few quotes are acceptable.,第25页,This is,George W Bushs inaugural Address,.The speaker,first,reviews the story of America,which is a story of a new world liberating an old one,a story of a slave-owning society becoming a society of freedom.He,then,talks about the American promise,a promise that everybody belongs,one that offers everybody an opportunity,a promise of equality,freedom and justice.,Finally,he calls on his people to carry on this story,to be responsible citizens so as to make America a country of more freedom and justice.,第26页,