初中英语可数名词和不可数名词.docx

一、名词的概念：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。二、名词的分类：名词分为普通名词和专有名词。(一) 普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词可用作单数，也可用作复数。可数名词包括个体名词(表示一类人或物的个体，如：girl；desk；dog；window；book；pen等)和集体名词(由若干个体组成的集合体，如：family；class；people等)。不可数名词包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的实物，如：water；paper；silk；honey；cream；money等)和抽象名词(表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念，如：work；happiness；music；difficulty；beauty；youth；poverty等)。(二) 专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等，如：Tom；the Great Wall；the Spring Festival；France；China；Christmas等。三、名词的数：(一) 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种：1. 规则变化：(1) 一般情况下，在词尾加s。例如：bookbooks；hathats；pencilpencils；girlgirls以清辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为s，以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为z。在ptkf等清辅音后s：cups；cats；books；photographs在bdgv等浊辅音后z：cards；bags；knives；labs；lions(2)以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词，变复数时，要在词尾加-es。例如：beachbeaches，brushbrushes，busbuses，boxboxes，classclasses，glassglasses，lunchlunches(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加-es。例如：babybabies citycities，familyfamilies，countrycountries，strawberrystrawberries(ies读音为iz)注意：以“元音字母 + y”结尾的词，直接在词尾加-s。例如：holidays；days；plays；ways；donkeys；boys；toys(4)以-f或-fe结尾的名词,变复数时，先把f或fe变为v，再加-es。例如：wifewives，leafleaves，halfhalves，knifeknives，thiefthieves shelfshelves(ves读音为vz)2. 不规则变化：(1)以o结尾的名词，一般在词尾加-s。例如：zoozoos；radioradios；photophotos；pianopianos,kangarookangaroos而有些在词尾加-es，它们是“黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿”。negronegroes；heroheroes；potatopotatoes；tomatotomatoes(2)有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加s或es，而是变换其中的字母。例如：manmen；womanwomen；policemanpolicemen；EnglishmanEnglishmen；FrenchmanFrenchmen；footfeet；toothteeth；childchildren；mousemice；oxoxen(公牛)(3) 还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。例如：ChineseChinese；JapaneseJapanese；sheepsheep；deerdeer(4) 复合名词： 前面的名词是man或woman，变复数时，构成复合名词的两个名词全都要变成复数形式。例如：man teachermen teachers；woman driverwomen drivers 如果是其他词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。例如：boy studentboy students；apple treeapple trees与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。例如：brother-in-law brothers-in-law；passer-by passers-by。(5) 有些以f或fe结尾的词直接加s变成复数。例如：roofroofs，chiefchiefs，gulfgulfs(6)某国人的复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。例如：Chinese(中国人)Chinese；Japanese(日本人)JapaneseEnglishman(英国人)Englishmen；Frenchman(法国人)FrenchmenGerman(德国人) Germans；American(美国人)Americans(7)有些名词通常只用作复数。例如：glasses眼镜；clothes衣服；goods货物；trousers裤子(8)集体名词的数： 有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people；cattle；police 有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看作整体复数看作集体的各个成员。例如：This family is a big family.My family are watching TV.There are 50 students in this class.The class are listening to their teacher.(二) 不可数名词一般没有复数形式，但是可以用一些量词来表示不可数名词的数量。(1)表不定数量时，一般用much，(a)1ittle，a lot oflots of，some，any等词修饰。例如：much money；a little bread；a lot of ice cream；some juice(2) 表确定数量时，一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。变复数时可以把前面的量词变成复数。例如：a bottle of milk；a glass of water；a can of beer；a piece of paper；two bottles of milk；two pieces of paper；two glasses of water注意：我们也可用“数词+量词+of+名词复数”这一结构表示可数名词的数量。例如：a box of oranges；two bags of books；a room of students(三)有些词，单数形式和复数形式的词义不同，需特别注意。例如：sand沙sands沙滩；chicken鸡肉a chicken小鸡；orange橘汁an orange橘子；room空间、余地a room房间；good(好处，益处)goods(货物)；custom(风俗) customs(海关)；spirit(精神) spirits(情绪)；manner(方式) manners(礼貌)；forceforces(武装力量)；communication(通讯)communications(通讯系统，通讯工具)；cloth(布)clothes(衣服)；content(内容) contents(目录)；convenience(便利)conveniences(便利设备)；humanity(人类)humanities(人文科学)；necessity(需要) necessities(必需品)；pain(疼痛)pains(辛劳)；ruin(毁灭)ruins(废墟，遗迹)；wood(木材)woods(树林)；work(工作)works(工厂，著作)；airairs(架子，神气)。巩固练习一、写出下列名词的复数形式。1. broom _ car _ tree _ horse_2. bus_ fox _ branch _ class_3. baby _ family _ country_4. radio _ photo_ piano_5. knife _ leaf_ life_ thief_6. man_ woman_ child_ foot_7. woman teacher _ apple tree _ step son_二、用所给名词的适当形式填空。1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some_(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.5. There are five_(people) in his family.6. Lets take_(photo), OK?7. I have lots of_(tomato) here.8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn yellow.9. The_(child) are playing games on the playground now.10. Their_(dictionary) look new.11. I have three foreign friends. They are _(American).12. They are_(woman) doctors.13. Can you give me some bottles of _ orange), please?14. There are many_(fox) in the picture.15. I would like some apple_(juice). I am very thirsty.三、将下列词组译成汉语。1. 三杯牛奶_2. 一袋大米_3. 三篮子苹果 _4. 一碗面条_5. 四盒子书_6. 六片面包_7. 五张纸_8. 三听橘汁_9.八条新闻_10. 一箱香蕉_四、选择填空。1. The deer has four _.A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots2. Her two brothers are both _.A policeman B. policemansC. policemen D. policemens3. There are four _ and two _ in the group.A. Japanese, GermenB. Japaneses, GermenC. Japanese, GermansD. Japaneses, Germans4. Two _ will come to the village.A. woman-doctorsB. women doctorC. women doctorsD. woman doctors5. Can you see nine _ in the picture?A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse6. The _ has two _.A. boys, watchesB. boy, watchC. boy, watchesD. boys, watch7. The boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed.A. tooth B. toothsC. teeth D. teeths8. The Japanese _ will not leaveChinauntil she finishes her study.A. woman B. womenC. man D. men9. There are lots of _ in the basket on the table.A. tomatos B. tomatoC. tomatoes D. tomatoss10. The cat caught two _ last night.A. mouses B. miceC. mouse D. mices【真题链接】1. Yesterday Lucy told us such goodthat we are all amazed at it.A. newsB. ideasC. suggestion D. answer2. There are fiftyin our school. They are all friendly to us.A. woman teachersB. women teacherC. woman teacherD. women teachers3. After P.E., I often feel very thirsty. Why not buy some _ to drink?A. bread B. noodlesC. apple juice D. teas4. When is _ Day? Its on June 1st, Dave.A. ChildB. ChildrenC. ChildsD. Childrens5. Lily, lets make vegetable salad. How many _do we need? One is enough.A. oranges B. potato C. tomatoes6. Mum, its so hot. Could I have some _?A. hamburgersB. breadC. ice-cream参考答案：一、写出下列名词的复数形式。1. brooms; cars; trees; horses2. buses; foxes; branches; classes3. babies; families; countries4. radios; photos; pianos5. knives; leaves; lives; thieves6. men; women; children; feet7. women teachers; apple trees; step sons二、用所给名词的适当形式填空。1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth4. water 5. people 6. photos7. tomatoes 8. leaves9. children 10. dictionaries11. Americans 12. women13. orange 14. foxes 15. Juice三、将下列词组译成汉语。1. three glasses of milk 2. a bag of rice3. three baskets of apples 4. a bowl of noodles5. four boxes of books 6. six pieces of bread7. five pieces of paper 8. three cans of orange9. eight pieces of news 10. a box of bananas四、选择填空。1. B。根据空前的four可知空中应该填名词的复数形式，foot的复数形式是feet，所以答案为B。2. C。policeman的复数形式为policemen。3. C。某国人的复数变化可根据口诀“中日不变，英法变，其余-s加后边”。Japanese的复数形式不变，还是Japanese；German的复数形式是Germans，所以答案为C。4. C。前面的名词是man或woman的复合名词，变复数时，构成复合名词的两个名词全都要变成复数形式，所以答案为C。5. A。根据空前的nine可知空中应该填名词的复数形式，sheep的复数形式还是sheep，其余选项中的名词都应该加上-s，所以答案为A。6. C。根据谓语动词has可知第一个空应该填名词单数形式；根据two可知第二个空填名词的复数形式，watch的复数形式是加-es，所以答案为C。7. C。tooth“牙齿”的复数形式是teeth。8. A。根据从句当中的she可知空中应该填名词单数形式且为女性，所以答案为A。9. C。tomato的复数形式为tomatoes，根据空前的lots of可知用复数形式。10. B。mouse意为“老鼠”，其复数形式为mice。【真题链接】1. A。句意为“昨天露西告诉我们如此好的消息以至于我们都惊呆了。”本题考查的是such that的用法。选项A(news)是不可数名词，因此在good前面不能加不定冠词a，而且符合句意，故正确；选项B (ideas)与后面的it矛盾，故错误；选项C (suggestion)是可数名词，因此要在good前面加不定冠词a，故错误；选项D (answer)是可数名词，因此要在good前面加不定冠词a，而且与句意不符，故错误。2. D。句意为“我们学校有五十名教师，他们都对我们很友好。”woman的复数是women，teacher的复数是teachers。所以答案是D。3. C。本句意为：体育课之后，我经常会感到非常渴；为什么不买苹果汁喝呢？因为上半句说到“thirsty”以及空后的“drink”可知，此处应该是选择喝的东西。故答案选C。A. bread面包；B. noodles面条；C. apple juice苹果汁；D. teas茶。4. D。本题意为：什么时候是六一儿童节？Dave，是六月一号。Childrens Day儿童的节日，即六一儿童节。5. C。句意：Lily，让我们一起做蔬菜沙拉吧。我们需要多少个西红柿？“一个就够了”。本题考查名词辨析。orange橘子；potato土豆；tomato西红柿。“how many”后通常跟可数名词复数形式，排除B，而A是水果不是蔬菜也排除，故选C。6. C。本句意为：妈妈，太热了；我能吃点冰淇淋吗？A. hamburgers 汉堡；B. bread面包；C. ice-cream冰淇淋；由“hot”可知此处应该选C。