小学音标教程(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Click to edit Master text styles,*,Click to edit Master title style,英语国际音标,？,Ask and,answer,:,为什么,要,学习音标？,2,？,tiger,tag,老虎,3,1,.发音准确，说地道的英语,2.拼读法记忆单词,3.提高自主性，增加词汇量,4.整体语感提高,4,The Alphabet,5,Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff,ei,bi:,si:,di:,i:,ef,b,i:,s,i:,d,i:,e,f,元音,辅音,i:,ei,b,s,d,e,f,6,英语的音标和汉字的拼音一样，用来拼读的,拼音=音标,韵母 元音,声母 辅音,7,音素和国际音标,1什么是音素,：音素是语音的最小单位。,2音素的分类,：元音和辅音。,3音素的个数,：共48个，元音音素20个，辅,音音 素28个。,4什么是音标,：记录音素的符号叫做音标。,5什么是国际音标,：国际音标是由国际语音,协会规定的一套音标，用来,记录世界各主要语言的语音。,7.开音节,：,a)辅音+元音+辅音+e:name,bike,home,due,plane,shine,b)辅音+元音:he,go,hi,do,be,tree,three,hello,8.闭音节,：,a)辅音+元音+辅音:bad,bed,sit,hot,cup,let,mad,map,b)元音+辅音:it,is,of,in,on,up,out,ant,9.重读音节,：,单词中发音特别响亮的音节。,8,元 音,12个单元音,长元音,a:,:,i:,:,u:,短元音,i,u,e,8个双元音,ai,ei,i,i,e,u,au,u,辅 音,10对,清辅音,p,t,k,f,s,t,tr,ts,浊辅音,b,d,g,v,z,3,d3,dr,dz,3个鼻音,m,n,3个似拼音,h,r,l,2个半元音,w,j,9,1.音标必须写在括号里，常用的音标括号有斜头和平头两种，其上端不顶第一线，大致与大写字母相齐，下端在第三格的中,2.音标没有书写体，也没有大小写，因此书写时必须和印刷体一 样，直上直下，没有斜度，其书写规格如下所列。,3.下面几个音标是最容易写错的，一定要注意：ai和au不要写成Ai和Au，A:不要写成a:。在打字的时候，不要用a来代替A,把A:打成a:，也不要用g来代替G，把GE:l打成gE:l。,4.音标没有书写体，也没有大小写，因此书写时必须和印刷体一样，直上直下，没有斜度，其书写规格如下页所列。,音标的书写,10,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,i,u,ei ,a,i,u,a,u,i,i,:,i,e,a:,:,:,u,:,u,元音,vowels(20个),11,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,p,b,t,d,k,g,f,v,s,z,h,w j,t,d,tr,dr,ts,dz,m n,l,r,辅音,consonants(28个),12,单元音,Single Vowles,Lesson 1,13,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,i,:,i,e ,a,:,:,u,:,u,:,单元音 vowels(12个),14,15,c,ar,f,ar,d,ar,k,h,al,f p,al,m,l,au,gh,a,unt,b,a,sket,Read the words,a,:,ar,al,au,a,16,17,p,or,k h,or,se,d,au,ghter bec,au,se,t,al,l t,al,k,d,oor,fl,oo,r,m,ore,st,ore,Read the words,or,au,al,oor,ore,:,18,19,ear,th h,ear,d,n,ur,se h,ur,t,sk,ir,t f,ir,m,h,er,p,er,son,w,or,d w,or,k,What letter or letter group makes,:,?,ear,ur,ir,er,or,20,21,h,e,sh,e,Chin,e,se,e,s,ee,f,ee,t sh,ee,p,ee,ea,t r,ea,d m,ea,t,ea,f,ie,ld bel,ie,ve bel,ie,f,ie,re,c,ei,ve,s,ei,ze,ei,/i:/,What letter or letter group makes,/i:/,?,22,w,e,m,e,sh,e,kn,ee,tr,ee,sh,ee,p,thr,ee,cant,ee,n,Th,e,se Chin,e,s,e,i:,23,24,Read the words,m,oo,d b,oo,t z,oo,m,o,ve wh,o,se,r,u,ler J,u,ne,s,ou,p gr,ou,p,o,oo,u,ou,25,26,Read the words,b,u,s r,u,n l,u,ck,n,o,thing l,o,ve,c,ou,ntry y,ou,ng,u,o,ou,27,s,u,nny l,u,nch d,u,ck b,u,t,j,u,mp f,u,n,r,u,n h,u,ndred,m,u,ch j,u,st,v,28,29,s,o,rry d,o,g c,o,py,w,a,sh wh,a,t,Read the words,o,a,30,s,o,cks n,o,t,o,f h,o,t,s,o,rry t,o,ck d,o,nkey l,o,ng,o,ff st,o,p,c,31,32,a,go,a,gain,a,ddress,hundr,e,d par,e,nt,wat,er,teach,er,work,er,t,o,day p,o,liceman,col,our,doct,or,a,e,er,o,or/our,33,34,bus,y,ver,y,lad,y,y,/i/,l,i,ve m,i,ss r,i,ch,i,b,e,side d,e,cide,e,lect,e,vill,a,ge cour,a,ge cott,a,ge,a,35,i,m,i,lk m,i,nute,f,i,sh w,i,ndow,f,i,t rabb,i,t,i,s mus,i,c,h,i,s f,i,fteen,36,37,c,oo,k l,oo,k f,oo,t,w,oul,d c,oul,d sh,oul,d,p,u,t J,u,ly,U,oo,oul,u,38,Read the words,f,u,ll c,ou,ld t,oo,k g,oo,d w,oo,d,c,oo,k p,u,t st,oo,d p,u,ll f,oo,t,39,Good,better,best.,Never let it rest.,Till good is better.,And better best.,前元音，嘴半开，嘴角向两边展开呈扁形。,飞天喷火龙,小小龙,bed bel e,e,恐龙蛋,e e e,40,br,ea,d h,ea,d d,ea,d w,ea,ther,ea,/e/,b,e,d f,e,d t,e,n b,e,st,a,a,nything m,a,ny,e,41,e,l,e,g,e,gg,b,e,d d,e,sk,p,e,n,e,lephant,g,e,t s,e,ven,y,e,s el,e,ven,42,43,Words to read,s,a,d m,a,d m,a,n b,a,d,a,pple,h,a,t gl,a,d f,a,ct st,a,nd,f,a,mily f,a,t c,a,t b,a,g,/,/,a,44,p,a,nts m,a,p,a,t c,a,p c,a,n m,a,ny,h,a,s bl,a,ck,spl,a,sh s,a,lad,45,双元音,Double Vowels,(8),Lesson 2,46,47,wh,i,t,e,r,i,c,e,wr,i,t,e,i,c,e,l,i,k,e,n,i,c,e,t,i,m,e,r,i,d,e,ai,48,Read the words,I,l,i,fe qu,i,et m,i,nd pr,i,ce n,i,ght,d,i,e sh,y,wh,i,te l,i,e h,i,gh,49,Tongue twister,M,i,ke l,i,kes to wr,i,te by the br,i,ght l,i,ght,at n,i,ght.,2.Some people l,au,gh,some people cr,y,;,some g,i,ve,u,p and some still tr,y,;,some w,i,ll say h,i,when some say b,y,e;,some w,i,ll forg,e,t you but will never,I,!,50,51,c,a,k,e,f,a,c,e,n,a,m,e,m,a,k,e,pl,a,c,e,t,a,k,e,sn,a,k,e,gr,a,p,e,b,a,by pot,a,to,ei,52,f,a,ce s,a,me g,a,me pl,ay,w,a,ste,h,a,te l,a,te h,ay,compl,ai,n f,a,mous,Read the words,53,54,Read the words,Boys and girls,please pay attention to“oy”!,b,oy,t,oy,j,oy,s,oy,ann,oy,ing,empl,oy,55,Read the words,Now please pay attention to“oi”!,oi,l s,oi,l b,oi,l,c,oi,n p,oi,nt n,oi,se,56,57,Read the words,b,eer,d,eer,pion,eer,p,eer,ear,h,ear,n,ear,f,ear,cl,ear,t,ear,app,ear,h,ere,m,ere,58,59,Read the words,d,are,c,are,sh,are,b,are,r,are,h,air,fl,air,f,air,st,air,rep,air,p,ear,w,ear,wh,ere,60,Tongue Twister,The,pear,tree,bears,a,pear,Under the,pear,Theres a baby,bear,The baby,bear,plays a,pear,.,61,62,Read the words,s,ure,uns,ure,p,oor,m,oor,t,our,63,Tongue Twister,Sure sure sure,Poor poor poor,Im sure you know Im poor,So I cant go to make a tour.,64,65,h,ow,ab,ou,t sh,ou,t c,ow,l,ou,d,m,ou,se gr,ou,nd h,ou,r cr,ow,n m,ou,th,Read the words,66,67,C,o,k,e,th,o,s,e,h,o,ld,O,K,o,ver s,o,g,o,potat,o,tomat,o,ph,o,t,o,u,68,r,oa,d c,oa,t g,oa,t b,oa,t l,oa,d,c,o,ld sm,o,ke g,o,h,o,me h,o,pe,Read the words,69,辅音28个,70,辅音,Consonants,(28,个,),1.,爆破音,p Practice makes perfect.,b Barry found a big bug on her bed.,t This is a hat,thats a cap.,d The doorman told David to go down.,k Dont kit the kitten.,g A good beginning makes a good ending.,71,72,p,发这个音的字母和字母组合,p pp,p:piano panda parrot pet ship,sheep pig stop,pp:apple happy,73,74,b,发这个音的字母和字母组合,b bb,b:book ball bird big boy bag,banana,bb:rubber rabbit cabbage,75,pb,p,ay-,b,ay,p,ear,b,ear,p,en-,B,en,p,ig-,b,ig,pb,ca,p,-ca,b,la,p,-la,b,ta,p,-ta,b,ro,pe,-ro,be,76,77,t,发这个音的字母和字母组合,t tt,t:table tea taxi cat rat fat ticket,Tt:butter matter,78,79,d,发这个音的字母和字母组合,d ed,d:duck seed door desk day red,head bed read cold,ed:smiled opened played,80,td,t,own,d,own,t,ie,d,ie,t,ear,d,ear,t,ouch,D,utch,td,ben,t,ben,d,righ,t,ri,de,len,t,len,d,be,t,be,d,81,82,k,发这个音的字母和字母组合c k ck,c:cap cook cup car can class,k:cook milk key desk kite cake,ck:clock sock cock neck,83,84,g,发这个音的字母和字母组合g gg,g:glass golf get girl bag goat,flag,gg:egg,85,kg,K,ate,g,ate,c,ard,g,uard,c,ould,g,ood,c,oat,g,oat,kg,pi,ck,pi,g,fla,k,fla,g,ba,ck,ba,g,Lo,ck,lo,g,86,两清辅音一起时，后一个清辅音变成浊辅音，或叫浊化,sp s,b,st s,d,sk s,g,speak spit spy,study star start,sky school screen,87,摩擦音,f,If you buy fish,make sure its fresh.,v,Victor is very clever.,Thank you for your table cloth.,Those are far and these are near.,s,Sandy has a new swimming suit.,z,What size of shoes does Daisy wear?,88,89,f发这个音的字母和字母组合f ff ph gh,f:five fan flower fish four leaf,ff:giraffe,ph:phone elephant photo,gh:laugh,90,91,v发这个音的字母和字母组合v ve,v:video vase vest,ve:five love violin,92,93,s,发这个音的字母和字母组合s c ss ce,s:star sun snake sea see,c:pencil city cedar ceiling celebrate,ss:grass glass class boss,ce:face race rice nice,94,95,z,发这个音的字母和字母组合z s se,z:zero zebra zoo,s:bags photos sisters,se:nose rose,96,97,发这个音的字母和字母组合th,th:three thin third teeth mouth,98,99,发这个音的字母和字母组合th,th:father mother brother clothes,weather,100,s,ure,sh,e,so,ci,al,na,ti,on,Wash the fish,please,.,plea,s,ure,television,George measured the garage with pleasure,.,101,102,发这个音的字母和字母组合,s sh,s:sugar sure,sh:ship sheep wash cash shop she,103,104,3,发这个音的字母和字母组合,s,s:televi,s,ion,u,s,ually,A,s,ia,mea,s,ure a gara,g,e,an unu,s,ual colli,s,ion;a great deci,s,ion;,my plea,s,ure,105,破擦音,t,He teaches children how to play chess.,d John likes to tell jokes.,tr Therere lots of trucks in the street.,dr He likes strong drinks.,ts The students are wearing white shirts.,dz Take away your dirty hands.,106,107,t,发这个音的字母和字母组合,ch tch,ch:teacher peach cherry chair,tch:watch match,108,109,d3,发这个音的字母和字母组合,g j dge,g:ginger giraffe,j:jump job jam,ge:orange cabbage cage,110,111,ts 发这个音的字母和字母组合ts tes,ts:seats goats coats cats pets eats,tes:gates kites dates tastes,112,113,dz 发这个音的字母和字母组合ds des,ds:seeds woods friends birds beds,des:rides,114,115,tr 发这个音的字母和字母组合tr,tr:tree truck trousers strawberry trick,116,117,dr 发这个音的字母和字母组合dr,dr:draw drink driver dragon dry,118,鼻音,m May I have some milk,mum?,n Nora knows the new comer.,Lingling is listening to the song.,Compare,n n ng/nk ,inink sin-sing thin-thing,thanthank son-song,119,120,m 发这个音的字母和字母组合m mb,m:mouth mouse milk monkey moon,money mum,mb:climb comb thumb,121,122,n发这个音的字母和字母组合n kn gn,n:nose net nut banana noodles train rain plane down,kn:knee knife knock,gn:sign,123,124,发这个音的字母和字母组合n ng,n:ink bank tank finger,ng:sing hang song king reading,running,125,126,h,have,h,ot,wh,o whole,hate house,Helen holds her hands.,127,128,r 发这个音的字母和字母组合r rr wr,r:rice room ride road rose,rr:mirror carrot parrot,wr:write wrong wrap,129,130,舌边音:,l land,world 如果在后面 读 lit,tl,e,mid,dl,e,ca,stl,e，puz,zl,e,What a beautiful bicycle!,131,l 发这个音的字母和字母组合l ll,l:look light lock lucky lion tail,ll:ball pull dollar tell,132,133,半元音:,w,w,all,wh,at,an,sw,er,The homework every week is very hard.,134,w发这个音的字母和字母组合,w:winter window watch water well would,wh:white where which when why wheel whale,135,136,6)半元音:,j,yes yellow year,Yes,your yellow skirt is wet.,137,j发这个音的字母和字母组合y,y:yo-yo yogurt yard yes you,your,138,成音节,m，n，l,英语辅音字母中有 3 个辅音,m，n，l,是响音，它们和辅音音素结合，也可构成音节，也叫成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾，一般是非重读音节。如：,apple,pl，,table,t,ei,bl，,middle,m,i,dl,little,l,i,tl，,garden,g,a:,dn，,lesson,l,e,sn,physical,f,i,s,i,kl，,realism,r,i:,l,i,zm,等等。,139,语音的基本常识,1、音节的划分,一个单词的音标中有几个元音就有几个音节。,2、重读音节,任何双音节或多音节单词的音标中，有重读音节和非重读音节，哪一个音节重读，该音节的左上方或该音节的元音上方标有重读符号“”。,3、浊化音,以sp_,st_,sk_开头的单词中，清辅音/p/t/k/分别要发浊辅音/b/d/g/。,4、定冠词the的读音,e.g.the man,c.f.the old man,140,5、不完全爆破,爆破音p b t d k g 后面紧跟另一个爆破音时，前面的那个爆破音只在口腔内形成阻碍，而不能完全读出。,e.g.basketball,the part of the earth,6、连读,在一个短语或句子中，如果相邻两词的关系相等密切，而前一个词以辅音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，辅音和元素连在一起读。,7、意群的停顿,对于一个较长的句子，可以根据意思和结构将其分成几群,一个意群必须一口气说完。,141,Lets play a game,1.,ai,h,v ,pen,.,2.,hi:,iz,t,:l,.,3.,it,iz,buk.,142,4.i:,iz,dkt.,5.,ai,m,ti:t,.,6.sm b:dz:sii.,143,