托福阅读小结题怎么做.docx

托福阅读小结题怎么做在托福阅读题型中，小结题即每篇文章最后一道大题必须要从六个选项中选出三个作为正确答案，每道题分值是2分。这题是考生最为头疼的一个，很多考生都觉得这一道题很难因为选项多而且托福阅读时间紧迫，通常在做到最后一题的时，还没来得及仔细甄选，页面已经变成了时间到的提示，所以就很悲催的进行了下一项的作答，相当影响心情和对后面的考试产生不利影响。 其实，如果学习得多的考生并不觉得小结题特别的难，只要掌握一些做题方法，这题将会成为托福阅读考试中性价比很高的一题。那么有哪些技巧可以帮助考生解答托福阅读小结题呢?下面就跟我一起来学习一下吧。 第一步就是要在最快的速度内拉出文章构架：即在做所有题之前先快速跳读一遍文章。通读文章的时候只必须要读每段的首句、末句和转折句。一般抓住了首尾句和转折句就抓住了一段的主旨。读首尾句的原因我们大家都很理解，那么读转折句的意义何在呢? 文章的首句说了一件事，如果下面没有转折的话，那下面的话肯定是在解释上一句话，或者顺着上一句话往下说，最后可能在总结一下，那我们只读首尾句就可以概括出这段话的主旨，但是如果出现了转折，也就是说后面说的事情和之前讲的不一样，也就是说文章的意思有两层，转折句就是第二层意思的概括。读的时候做笔记是非常有必要的，看似在浪费时间，实则节省时间，因为免去了后面做题还要再看原文的痛苦，托福阅读中的文章架构都是很清楚，一般我们看段首尾句和转折句就可以抓住文段的中心。 第二步推断选项，做文章小结题，我们要谨记选出来的选项是要能概括文章大意的，所以一些细节性的，和文章表述相矛盾的，或者是文章中未提及的选项都可以借助排除法进行选择。那什么是细节性的呢?细节就是不必须要被解释的内容，也就是说陈述的是一件事实，我们推断一个句子是不是细节，就要看它前后有没有解释。和文章表述相矛盾或者是原文中没有提到的信息要排除，为什么呢? 因为我们选的要是能表达文章主要意思的选项，跟原文表述都相反怎么可能入选呢?有很多同学觉得自己分辨不出那些是文章没提及的，那些是跟文章相背离的，其实这都是关于细节性的视察，我们之前做的题目就是积存细节的过程，要是一个选项中出现了我们没看过的内容，虽然不能很肯定的说文章有没有提及，但绝对不是文章的主旨，因为主旨不可能只提一次，而且在不显眼的地方出现的，借助我们记的笔记，总结出各段的大意，我们很容易推断出那些是段落主旨大意那些是细节性或者无关的信息。 平常做托福阅读文章题的时候我们不要单纯的只求速度，还要弄明白这道题背后的出题意思，做完一个文章小结题，我们要仔细的对照跟文段主要意思的匹配关系，细细体会，文章小结题就会迎刃而解。 2托福阅读真题学习 托福阅读真题学习：土壤质地的文本+题目+答案 托福阅读文本： The mineral particles found in soil range in size from microscopic clay particles to large boulders. The most abundant particles sand, silt, and clay are the focus of examination in studies of soil texture. Texture is the term usedto describe the composite sizes of particles in a soil sample, typically several representative handfuls. To measure soil texture, the sand, silt, and clay particles are sorted out by size and weight. The weights of each size are then expressed as a percentage of the sample weight. In the field, soil texture can be estimated by extracting ahandful of soil and squeezing the damp soil into three basic shapes; (1) cast, a lump formed by squeezing a sample in a clenched fist; (2) thread, a pencil shape formed by rolling soil between the palms; and (3) ribbon, a flatfish shapeformed by squeezing a small sample between the thumb and index finger. The behavioral characteristics of the soil when molded into each of these shapes, if they can be formed at all, provide the basis for a general texturalclassification. The behavior of the soil in the hand test is determined by the amount of clay in the sample. Clay particles are highly cohesive, and when dampened, behave as a plastic. Therefore the higher the clay content in a sample,the more refined and durable the shapes into which it can be molded. Another method of determining soil texture involves the use of devices called sediment sieves,screens built with a specified mesh size. When the soil is filtered through a group of sieves, each with a different mesh size, the particlesbecome grouped in corresponding size categories. Each category can be weighed to make a textural determination. Although sieves work well for silt, sand, and larger particles, they are not appropriate for clay particles. Clay is far toosmall to sieve accurately; therefore, in soils with a high proportion of clay, the fine particles are measured on the basis of their settling velocity when suspended in water. Since clays settle so slowly, they are easily segregated fromsand and silt. The water can be drawn off and evaporated, leaving a residue of clay, which can be weighed. 托福阅读题目： 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Characteristics of high quality soil (B) Particles typically found in most soils (C) How a high clay content affects the texture of soil (D) Ways to determine the texture of soil 2. The author mentions several representative handfuls in line 4 in order to show (A) the range of soil samples (B) the process by which soil is weighed (C) the requirements for an adequate soil sample (D) how small soil particles are weighted 3. The phrase sorted out in line 5 is closest in meaning to (A) mixed (B) replaced (C) carried (D) separated 4. It can be inferred that the names of the three basic shapes mentioned in paragraph 2 reflect (A) the way the soil is extracted (B) the results of squeezing the soil (C) the need to check more than one handful (D) the difficulty of forming different shapes 5. The word dampened in line 14 is closest in meaning to A) damaged (B) stretched (C) moistened (D) examined 6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about a soil sample with little or noclay in it? (A) It is not very heavy. (B) It may not hold its shape when molded. (C) Its shape is durable (D) Its texture cannot be classified 7. The word they in line 21 refers to (A) categories (B) sieves (C) larger particles (D) clay particles 8. It can be inferred from the passage that the sediment sieve has an advantage over the hand test in determining soil texture because (A) using the sieve takes less time (B) the sieve can measure clay (C) less training is required to use the sieve (D) the sieve allows for a more exact measure 9. During the procedure described in paragraph 3, when clay particles are placed into water they (A) stick to the sides of the water container (B) take some time to sink to the bottom (C) separate into different sizes (D) dissolve quickly 10. The word fine in line 24 is closest in meaning to (A) tiny (B) many (C) excellent (D) various 11.All of the following words are defined in the passage EXCEPT (A) texture (line 3) (B) ribbon (line 10) (C) sediment sieves (line 18) (D) evaporated (line 25) 托福阅读答案： DADBC BBDBA D 3托福阅读影响速度的因素 托福阅读想要拿到高分，那么必须要攻克阅读速度。在复习中，我们首先要了解影响速度的因素都有哪些，这样我们才知道自己的复习目标，攻克的困难是什么。为大家整理了具体的内容，供大家参照。 1. 逐字翻译导致读句子的速度慢 很多同学在翻译句子的过程中，都没有一个优良的习惯，只是机械地把所有英文单词的中文意思堆砌起来。关于简单句来说，这样做其实无可厚非;但是碰到语法结构略微复杂的句子，这种方法便会立即失效，于是同学们便会不断重复回看这句话，想要弄清楚它的意思，这样便造成了时间上的极大浪费。所以我们在平常学习过程中必须要训练自己养成一个优良的阅读习惯，不要被那些单词牵着走，而要主动地去分析句子结构：句子主语是谁?这个主语怎么了，发生了什么事?谁是修饰成分?谁才是真正的谓语?当我们能够做到读完一句理解一句，相信我们自然就能在要求时间之内答完题了。 2. 学习少，对题目缺乏熟悉度 许多同学把备考托福阅读等同于背单词，因而一天到晚只跟单词书亲近，却不曾正眼看过TPO中的阅读文章。背单词固然重要，毕竟单词不会，文章也无法理解。但是想要提升分数、想要冲刺阅读高分，那我们就必须把TPO阅读文章当作圣经一样来对待。这不只是草草做题对答案了事，更是通过大量做题，来加强自己关于托福阅读出题套路的了解，以期掌握每种题型的应对方案，争取做到读完题之后，能够立即找到题干中的有效关键词，再迅速回文定位答案。同学们不要觉得题海战术是很笨的方法，多年施行已经证实，它其实是一种很有效率的学习方法，关键在于我们是否能够通过题海战术有所收获，而不是为了做题而做题。 3. 文章结构不够熟悉 我特别强调做完题后，分析每篇文章的文章结构这件事。为什么?因为文章结构大概也就那么几种，见得多了，便就一见如故了。在考场上，我们根本没有时间为了最后一道题而把文章再通读一便。而倘假设我们在做题过程中，就能迅速总结出每一段的中心意思，那么这篇文章我们一定会读得更通透，在做每一段相应的题时也就能够提升准确率。而能否迅速总结出段落大意就依赖于平常严格的训练。不要做完了题就万事大吉，把每篇文章充分利用起来，观察它们的结构，多做总结，这样的工作做得多了，必定会有所收获的。 第 10 页 共 10 页