辅音音标(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,辅音,1,爆破音（,6,）,:,p b t d k g,摩擦音（,10,）,:,f v s z,h r,破擦音（,6,）,:,tr,dr,ts,dz,鼻辅音（,3,）,:,m n,舌边音（,1,）,:,l,半元音（,2,）,:,w j,2,双唇爆破辅音,/p/,和,/b/,发音要领,双唇紧闭，然后突然分开，让气流冲出口腔,/p/,是清辅音，送气，声带不振动,/b/,是浊辅音，不送气，声带振动,3,单词训练,/p/b/,pie buy,pea bee,plank blank,pump bump,cap cab,mop mob,rope mob,rope robe,top job,4,词组、短语和句子训练,Basketball player,Push the button,Peace-loving people,Practice makes perfect.,Bill broke his promise.,The pickpocket was peeping into his pocket.,5,Grab a bite,Pride and prejudice,Probably.,The big building is two blocks away,6,失去爆破,当一个爆破音后面紧接着另一个爆破音或摩擦音、或破擦音、或鼻音、或舌侧音时，前一个爆破音不发生爆破或不完全发生爆破，这种现象就叫做失去爆破。,注意,：失去爆破绝不等于前一个爆破音不存在了，读的时候可以不管它了。在读后一个辅音之前，先要老老实实的用相关的发音器官摆好前一个爆破音的发音姿势，做发音准备，稍稍停顿后再直接发下面的爆破音。,7,失去爆破分以下几种情况,1.,爆破音,+,爆破音,如,:a fla,t,tire,cu,p,-board,blac,k,board,Re,d,Cross,等中的斜体部分一律失去爆破。这叫做,完全失去爆破,。,2.,爆破音,+,摩擦音或破擦音,如,:a sa,d,story,a nonsto,p,flight,reci,t,e the poem,a goo,d,chance,od,d,jobs,等中的斜体部分只有轻微的爆破。这叫做,不完全失去爆破,。,8,3.,爆破音,+,鼻辅音,如：,gar,d,en,goo,d,morning,ligh,t,ning,goo,d,night,等中的斜体部分也只,发生不完全爆破,。注意：许多人不会发这个音，他们实际上还是把“,garden”,读作,/gard,n,/,而不是,/gardn/,，也就是说，他们在最后两个音之间加进了一个,/,/,音。发后一个音节,/dn/,的音时，舌尖紧贴上齿龈，不要离开（一离开就会有爆破，而且从,/d/,到,/n/,舌位不需变化），让气流通过鼻腔冲出。细细体会，反复练习。,4,.,爆破音,+,舌侧音,如：,li,tt,le,a,t,last har,d,life,等中的斜体部分也属,不完全失去爆破,。也要注意：这时舌尖紧贴上齿龈，同样不可离开（一离开就必然会加进一个,/,/,音），让气流从舌两侧冲出。细细体会，反复练习,9,/s/,后面爆破辅音的送气问题,1.,英语中,/s/,音后面、元音前面的爆破清辅音（如,/k/,、,/p/,、,/t/,等）在实际发音中要明显减少送气，听来就像与它对应的浊辅音，但实际上发该音时声带并无明显振动。它之所以由送气音变为不送气音，主要是因为它前面的,/s/,音已经送气很强。如：,Sky,注音为,/skai/,但听起来则像,/sgai/,一样,Stone,注音为,/st,un,/,但听起来如,/sd,un,/,Strong,注音为,/str:/,但听起来如,/sdr:/,10,爆破辅音,/t/,和,/d/,发音要领,舌尖紧贴上齿龈，但不接触上齿，形成阻碍，然后突然离开，让气流冲出口腔。,/t/,是清辅音，送气，声带不振动。,/d/,是浊辅音，不送气，声带振动。,11,单词训练,模仿,/t/d/,tide died,tear dear,team deem,two do,feet feed,let led,neat need,sat sad,12,词组、短语和句子训练,Stop talking!,Not at all.,Whats the date today?,Dont tell me what it is,The old ladys daughter is a doctor.,I get into bed at about 10:30(ten thirty)every day.,Tong twister,Good,better,best,Never let it rest,Until good is better,And better best.,13,爆破辅音,/k/,和,/g/,发音要领,舌后部上台紧贴上颚，形成阻碍，然后突然离开，让气流冲出口腔,/k/,是清辅音，送气，声带不振动,/g/,是浊辅音，不送气，声带振动,14,单词训练,/k/g/,class glass,come gum,crane grain,quest guest,lack lag,leak league,pick pig,take tag,15,词组、短语和句子训练,Catch cold,Put all ones eggs in one basket,He is a good guy.,He gets up at six oclock.,The kids often go hiking at weekends.,A cat may look at the king.,A good beginning makes a good ending.,16,摩擦辅音,/f/,和,/v/,下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间的缝隙中通过，摩擦成音。,/f/,是清辅音，送气强，声带不振动,/v/,是浊辅音，送气弱，声带振动,17,单词训练,/f/v/,fast vast,fan van,few view,fowl vowel,leaf leave,proof prove,safe save,surf serve,18,词组、短语和句子训练,Beautiful flowers,A fine view of the mountain,Fortune favors the brave.,It is one of my favorite novels.,Turing around,he found himself face-to-face with his father.,19,摩擦辅音,/s/,和,/z/,发音要领,舌端贴近上齿龈（不要贴住），气流从舌端齿龈之间泄出，摩擦成音。,注意舌位应比汉语中的“,s”,（斯）音略靠后，发出的音听起来不如汉语的“斯”音那样清脆。,上下牙齿及其接近,/s/,是清辅音，送气强，声带不振动,/z/,是浊辅音，送气弱，声带振动,20,单词训练,模仿,/s/z/,seal zeal,sown zone,sue zoo,bus buzz,ice eyes,loose lose,race raise,used used,21,词组、短语和句子训练,模仿,Brothers and sisters,Sing and dance,Sum up experience,Six pairs of scissors,I used to smoke.,Sing us a song,please.,Speak less and listen more.,A still tongue makes a wise head.,Man proposes,God disposes.,The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,22,破擦辅音,/ts/,和,/dz/,发音要领,舌端贴住上齿龈，堵住气流，然后离开让气流猛然泄出口腔,/ts/,是清辅音，送气较强，声带不振动,/dz/,是浊辅音，送气弱，声带振动,23,单词训练,模仿,/ts/dz/,carts cards,mates maids,rates raids,seats seeds,24,词组、短语和句子训练,模仿,Odds and ends,Hundreds of peasants,Thousands of birds,That sounds better.,Now lets go and meet our guests.,The students were in high spirits all through the sports meet.,He often puts his hands in his pockets.,He sometimes sends postcards to his friends.,25,摩擦辅音,/,/,和,/,/,发音要领,舌尖轻触上齿，并须略微露出齿外，气流由舌齿间泄出，摩擦成音,/,/,是清辅音，送气强，声带不振动,/,/,是浊辅音，送气弱，声带振动,26,单词训练,模仿,/,/,/,thank than,theme these,thick this,bath bathe,breath breathe,cloth clothe,27,对比,/,/s/,thin sin,thing sing,faith face,mouth mouse,/,/z/,breathe breeze,clothe close,writhe rise,seethe seize,28,/,/t/,thank tank,theme team,thick tick,thought taught,/,/d/,there dare,they day,those doze,thus dust,/,/f/,thirst first,thought fought,three free,throw fro,29,s,不分，,z,不分,mou,th,/,/-mou,s,e/,s,/,th,ief/,/-,s,elf/,s,/,th,in/,/-sin/,s,/think/,/-sink/,s,/,sou,th,/-,s,auce/,s,/,th,is/,/-zoo/,z,/,th,en/,/-zest/,z,/,them/-,-zone/,z,/,th,ese/,/-zip/,z,/,th,us/,/-zero/,z,/,30,词组、短语和句子训练,模仿,A thousand thanks.,They may thank themselves for that.,Mr.Smith talked about this,that,and the other.,They will stick together through thick and thin.,The sea covers almost three-fourths of the earths surface.,The teacher pointed out that“that”that that student had written was in the wrong place.,31,自己练,Stop thief!,There is something.,May the fourth is Chinas Youth Day.,This is better than that.,Theyve been there for more than three months.,The rumor passed from mouth to mouth.,32,摩擦辅音,/,和,/,发音要领,舌前端靠近上齿龈后部，舌两侧向上颚卷起，舌中间形成一条狭长的通道，气流通过时摩擦成音。,双唇向前突出，略成圆形。,/,是清辅音，发音时要送气，声带不振动,/,是浊辅音，发音时只有微弱气流泄出，摩擦在舌端，但不要卷舌，声带振动,33,单词训练,模仿,/,cash leisure,fish measure,ship pleasure,shoe vision,34,词组、短语和句子训练,模仿,Dont mention it.,Is she studying English?,She showed her appreciation for my help.,Measure for measure.,She sells sea shells on the seashore.,She takes pleasure in window-shopping.,The shopkeeper gave me short measure.,In her leisure time she usually stays at home and watches television.,She shuddered and shivered when she heard the shocking explosion.,35,破擦辅音,/,和,/,舌前端抬起贴住上齿龈后部，形成阻碍，舌头的其余部分取,/,和,/,的发音部位，气流冲破阻碍时（有爆破）舌和齿龈间发生摩擦所成的音。,双唇向前突出，略称圆形,/,是清辅音，发音时要送气，声带不振动,/,是浊辅音，发音时只有微弱的气流泄出，摩擦在舌端，但不要卷舌，声带振动。,这一组音的发音部位比照上一组的,/,和,/,。要避免照汉语的“气”和“几”或者“斥”和“之”来发音,容易出现的错误,1.,将,/,读作汉语的“,ch”,（吃）音，将,/,读作汉语中的”,zh“,（知）音。,2.,也有人把这两个音读作汉语中的“,q”,（气）和“,j”,（机）。要避免这两种倾向，可尝试把舌位放在“,ch”,（吃）、“,q”,（气）和“,zh”,（知）、“,j”,（机）之间,36,单词训练,模仿,/,chain Jane,cheep jeep,cheer jeer,choke joke,batch badge,larch large,rich ridge,catch cage,37,词组、短语和句子训练,I really appreciate your help.,Would you like some orange juice?,The watch wont catch.,Charles wears a digital watch.,There was just a suggestion of a smile on her face.,After lunch he challenged me to a game of chess.,John was touched by the questioning eyes of a child.,Teaching young children is a challenging and rewarding job.,38,自己练,How about you?,Did you watch TV last night?,She came to China last year.,He is just a child.,Does she work in a joint venture company?,George draws a picture each day.,The question is,do I take the job in Japan,or stay here?,39,摩擦辅音,/h/,气流不受阻碍，自由逸出口腔，通过声门时发生轻微摩擦,口型不定，随后面元音而变化，声带不振动,这个音和汉语拼音的“,h”,非常不同。汉语的“,h”,发音时摩擦明显，而英语的,/h/,在发音时摩擦非常轻微。用天冷时哈气的方式发“喝”音（不是“哈”音）即可。,40,单词训练,模仿,Hard,He,Hot,House,Who,wholehearted,41,词组、短语和句子训练,模仿,Hi!How are you?,It cant be helped.,He hurt himself.,Health is happiness.,She hasnt heard from her husband for half a month.,The hunter held a gun in his hand and hid himself behind the house.,He has a hat in his hand.,42,摩擦辅音,/r/,舌尖向上齿龈后部卷起，舌身两侧收拢，气流通过舌尖与齿龈间时有轻微摩擦。,双唇稍稍突出，略呈圆形,浊辅音，声带振动,英语的,/r/,比起汉语的“,r”,（日）来，舌位稍靠前，摩擦也要弱很多。,43,单词训练,模仿,Red fire,Road floor,Write sour,Wrong warm,44,词组、短语和句子训练,模仿,At her own risk,Figure out a problem,Behavior pattern,Modern art,For a whole morning,Before it began to rain,A four-roomed apartment,45,Its a rare opportunity.,The bookstore is just around the corner.,The time has arrived for departure.,You are Mr.Richard,if I remember right.,Economic recovery is just around the corner.,One of the essential requirements of good news writing is accuracy.,People came from the four corners of the world to attend the grand meeting.,46,自己练,Surrender your arms!,He did not return before three oclock.,We were all surprised at seeing her there.,Ill rewrite the first four chapters.,All roads lead to Rome.,He read until very late last night,or rather,early this morning.,47,破擦辅音,/tr/,和,/dr/,舌尖向上贴住上齿龈后部，形成阻碍,气流从舌尖和齿龈间冲出,双唇稍稍突出，略称圆形,/tr/,是清辅音，声带不振动,/dr/,是浊辅音，声带振动,48,单词训练,模仿,/tr/dr/,track drag,tree dream,truck drug,try dry,49,词组、短语和句子训练,模仿,Her dream has come true.,He knows all the tricks of the trade.,Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.,50,自己练,This is my treat.,Trick or treat.,I treated myself to a new dress.,Ive always dreamed about a trip to that country.,He traveled by train across central China.,51,鼻辅音,/m/,/n/,和,/,只要掌握了发音部位，让气流从鼻孔流出，同时声带振动发声,/m/,双唇闭拢，气流从鼻腔泄出,浊辅音，声带振动,52,/n/,舌尖紧贴上齿龈，形成阻碍，气流从鼻腔泄出,浊辅音，声带振动,/,软腭下垂，舌后跟舌后跟上抬贴住软腭，堵住口腔通道，气流从气流泄出,浊辅音，声带振动,53,单词训练,模仿,/m/n/,meat neat,mere near,mice nice,more nor,gone gong,lawn long,ran rang,sin sing,dim din ding,seem seen seeing,sum sun sung,whim win wing,54,词组、短语和句子训练,模仿,sandwich,Young children in the kindergarten,Singing and dancing,Run a marathon,Men and women,old and young,A Chinese-born American scientist,55,自己练,Given name,Minority nationality,More and more,Join hands,Brain drain,Gone With the Wind,The foundation of the national economy,56,模仿,Someone is ringing at the door.,I am not alone in this opinion.,No sooner said than done.,Many men,many minds.,The notion hung in his mind for months.,The singer was given a warm welcome and she sang us a song.,Give a dog an ill name and hang him.,57,自己练,And it doesnt end there.,I am doing nothing now.,Your suggestion is still under discussion.,I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.,Rain before seven,fine before eleven.,58,舌边辅音,/l/,舌端紧贴上齿龈，气流从舌两侧泄出,浊辅音，声带振动,59,舌边音,(1),在元音前时,，,发音清晰，舌端 抵上齿龈，气流从舌的一侧或两侧泄出。,l,ate,l,ike,l,ong,l,ow c,l,ose,在辅音前或词末时,，,发音含糊。舌端也抵上齿龈，但是,与清晰音相比，舌前部较低，舌后部较高，发音略长。,a,ll,se,ll,pu,ll,litt,l,e gir,l,l,60,单词训练,模仿,/l/n/r/,lead need read,light night right,cloud crowd,clown crown,ball,goal,61,自己练,/l/n/r/,law gnaw raw,low no row,class grass,clay gray,feel,spell,62,词组、短语和句子训练,Love is blind.,He was left all alone.,All in all it was a pleasant trip.,Lily has traveled all around the world.,Alls well that ends well.,63,自己练,Like knows like.,A bottle of milk,please.,It looks like rain.,It is never too late to learn.,64,半元音,/w/,舌后部向软腭抬起，双唇收的圆而且小，并且向前突出,气流从唇间通过时声带振动,65,单词训练,模仿,Warm,Well,While,Whether,Queer,Quick,Sweep,Switch,Twelve,twin,66,词组、短语和句子训练,模仿,Equal pay for equal work.,We were called in one by one.,I wonder whether he will be able to work it out.,Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.,We went to see him once in a while when he was in Washington.,67,自己练,Whats up?,No way!,What do you want?,We were waiting for him to go swimming.,Where there is a will,there is a way.,68,半元音,/j/,舌前部尽量向硬腭抬起，气流从舌和硬腭的缝隙间通过时声带振动,双唇呈扁平，口形略似,/i:/,音,69,w,v,不分,we-visit west-very,war-vote walk-view,wave-victory warm-valley,want-valid wait-vivid,word-vary wash-vanish,70,单词训练,模仿,Huge,Use,Yard,Yell,Yield,Young,71,词组、短语和句子训练,模仿,Ill meet you at the usual time.,Its no use arguing with such a stupid man.,The young teacher is very popular with his students.,Its only a few hundred yards from the supermarket.,He left New York and went to study in Yale University.,72,自己练,Not yet.,Excuse me.,Help yourself.,He was deeply touched by the beauty of the music.,You still look young,year after year.,73,