高考必考点之(状语从句)考点大全(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Overview of adverbial clauses,Grammar and usage,1,句 子 的 分 类,2,Adverbial Clauses,状语从句,3,Definition,An adverbial clause is a,dependent clause that functions as an,adverb.,Compare the two sentences:,Every morning he sits,there,.,Every morning he sits,where there is a palm tree,.,4,Time,时间状语从句,Place,地点状语从句,Reason,原因状语从句,Condition,条件状语从句,Purpose,目的状语从句,Result,结果状语从句,Manner,方式状语从句,Concession,让步状语从句,Contrast,比较状语从句,Adverbial Clause,5,Adverbial Clauses,在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。,准确掌握每一个连接词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。,高考英语状语从句及连接词的应用,6,1.Adverbial Clause of Time,常用连接词：,when/while/as,since,till/until,before,once,as soon as,特殊连接词：,immediately/directly/instantly the moment/the instant/the minute,by the time,each time/every time/whenever,no sooner than,hardly(scarcely)when,7,从句一般用一般现在时表示将来，用现在完成,时表示将来完成时,1.,While,（当,时）,Jenny was doing the washing up,Jane was watching TV.,2.The train had left,by the time,（到,时）,they rushed to the station.,1.Adverbial Clause of Time,8,3.,The instant,（一,就,）,I saw him,I knew I have seen him before.,4.,Every time,（每次）,I went to visit him,he was playing computer games.,5.,Each time,（每当）,we met with difficulties,they came to our help,6.,No sooner,had I arrived home,than,（刚,就,）,it began to rain.,1.Adverbial Clause of Time,9,2.Adverbial Clause of Place,常用连接词：,where,特殊连接词：,everywhere anywhere wherever,Put the key,where you can find it later,.,Everywhere they went,they were,kindly received.,Where there is a will,there is a way.,有志者事竟成。（谚语）,Wherever there is smoke,there is fire.,无风不起浪。（谚语）,10,3.Adverbial Clause of Reason,常用连接词：,because since as for,特殊连接词：,that in that now(that)seeing that considering that giving that for the reason that,11,3.Adverbial Clause of Reason,1.,Since/As the weather is so bad,we have to delay our journey.,2.He is absent today,because for he is ill,.,3.He must be ill,for he is absent today,.,12,3.Adverbial Clause of Reason,4.Im happy,that youve told the truth,.,5.Some people say man differs from animals,in that we have the ability to laugh,.,6.,Considering that his wife has just had a bad cold,he decided to go to the party alone.,13,4.Adverbial Clause of Condition,常用连接词,:if,unless,as/so long as,特殊连接词,:providing/provided that,supposing that,in case that,on condition that,given that,If,引导的条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两,种，,虚拟条件句要用虚拟语气。,14,4.Adverbial Clause of Condition,1.I will go to the party,if I am invited,.,2.I wont go to the party,unless invited,.,3.Well let you use the room,on condition,that,you keep it clean,.,4.You will certainly succeed,so long as,you keep on trying,.,5.,Provided that,there is no opposition,we shall hold the meeting here.,15,5.Adverbial Clause of Purpose,常用连接词：,so that,in order that,特殊连接词：,lest,in case,for fear that,in the hope that,for the purpose that,从句中的谓语动词常常用,may,might,can,could,should,等情态动词,1.Speak louder,so that everyone can hear you.,16,5.Adverbial Clause of Purpose,2.They started early,in order that they could arrive home before dinner time,.,3.We dare not play jokes on him,lest he(,should,)be angry,.,4.We stood under the tree quietly,for fear that the bird(,should,)fly away,.,17,表示目的的几种句型表达,He got up early,to,catch the early bus.,=He got up early,in order to,catch the early bus.,=He got up early,so as to,catch the early bus.,=He got up early,so that he could,catch the early bus.,=He got up early,in order that he could,catch the early bus.,18,6.Adverbial Clause of Result,常用连接词,:,so/such that,so that,特殊连接词,:,to the/such a degree that,to the extent that,He got up,so,early,that,he caught the first,bus.,Its,such,a good chance,that,we must not,miss it.,19,6.Adverbial Clause of Result,To such a degree,was he excited,that,he,couldnt sleep last night.,His humour was,such as to,make us all,laugh.,=He was,so,humourous,as to,make us all alugh.,=He was,so,humourous,that,we all laugh.,20,7.Adverbial Clause of Manner,常用引导词：,as,as if,as though,特殊引导词：,how,the way,A is to B what,C is to D/C is to D,1.Youd better take things,as they are,.,2.When in Rome,do,as the Roman do,.,3.Food is to men is,what oil is to machine,.,食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。,21,7.Adverbial Clause of Manner,4.Sometimes we teach our children,the,way our parents have taught us,.,在,as if,或,as though,引导的状语从句中多用,过去时,表示虚拟语气。,5.He looked at me,as if,I,were,mad,.,6.He acted,as though,he,had been,there,before.,22,8.Adverbial Clause of Concession,常用连接词,:,though,although,even if even though,特殊连接词：,while(,一般用于句首,),as(,用于倒装结构,),whether or,wh-ever=no matter wh-,23,8.Adverbial Clause of Concession,1.,Though he is young,he could solve the problem on his own.,=,Young as he is,he could solve the problem on his own.,2.,Although he is a child,he could solve the problem on his own.,=,Child as he is,he could solve the problem on his own.,24,9.Adverbial Clause of Contrast,常用连接词,:,as as,not so/as as (,同级比较,),than(,不同程度的比较,),特殊连接词,:,the+,比较级,the+,比较级,;,1.The little girl wants to be,as,clever,as,her brother.,2.He doesnt work so hard,as you do,.,25,9.Adverbial Clause of Contrast,3.,The more,you worry,the less,youll,succeed.,4.She did worse in the test,than she expected,.,26,9.Adverbial Clause of Contrast,5.,这个房间是哪个房间的三倍大。,This room is three times,as,large,as that one.,This room is three times,larger,than,that one.,This room is three times,the,size,of that one.,27,9.Adverbial Clause of Contrast,6.,今年的收入是去年的两倍。,The income of this year is twice,that,of last year.,The income of this year is twice,what,it was last year.,28,.,考点一,高频连接词,29,29,when/while/as,when:,持续性非持续性动词都可,1),当,时候,Are you going to be a sailor when you,leave school?,2),正在,忽然,when=at this time/at that time,sb.was doing when,sb,was about to do/was going to do when,sb,has just done when,30,3),表示原因“,既然,”“,考虑到,”，相当于,since;considering that,。,Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already?,31,while,While I,was walking down,the street,I,came across an old friend.(while=_),He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk,music.(while=_),While I really dont like art,I find his work,impressive.(while=_),While there is life there is hope.(while=_),when,although,as long as,而,32,1.She sang,as she worked,.,一边,一边,2.,Smart as he is,he doesnt study hard.,虽然，尽管,3.You must try to do,as I did,.,依照，按照,4.,As she was late for class,she had to say sorry.,因为,5.,You will grow wiser,as you grow olde,随着,33,before,It will be half a year before I come back.,It wont be half a year before we meet,again.,We sailed four days and nights before,we saw the land.,We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.,肯定句 “才”否定句 “就”,it will be+,一段时间,before.,多久之后才,.,it wont be+,一段时间,before.,不久就,.,34,since,before,when,that,It is+,时间,+,易混淆句型,35,Its three days,since,he returned home.,It was three days,before,he returned,home.,It will be three days,before,he returned,home.,It was three days later,that,he,returned home.,It was three oclock,when,he got home.,It was at three oclock,that,he got home.,36,where,引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别和联系,where,：引导定语从句时，相当于,in/at/to which;,where,：引导状语从句时，相当于,in/at/to the place where,Please make a mark in the place where,you have a question.,定语从句,Please make a mark where you have a,question.,状语从句,37,unless,除非，如果不,相当于,if not,Most birds find it safe to sleep in the,trees,but _ they have eggs or,young chicks,they dont use a nest.,A.whyB.how,C.unlessD.where,38,because,since,as,for,because:,直接原因，非推断。语气最强,回答,why,since:,显而易见的已知的原因，译为“,既然,”，通常放句首。,as,：,不谈自明的原因,，语气最弱,for:,附加、推断的原因，通常放,放句中，引导后半句表原因,。,1.Why are you late?,Because,my car broke down on,the way.,39,2.It was,because,my car broke down,on the way that I was late.,3.It must have rained,for,the ground,is wet.,4.I didnt go to school yesterday,because,I was ill.,5.,Since,everybody is here,lets begin,our meeting.,6.,As,you are in poor health,you,should not stay up late.,40,so/such that,so+adj./adv.+that,so+adj.+,a(n,)+n.+that,such+,a(n,)+adj.+n.+that,such+adj.+n.(UC)/,n.(pl,.)+that+,41,He is such a good teacher that we all,respect him.,=He is,so good a teacher,that we all,respect him.,=So,good a teacher is he,that we all,respect him.,=Such,a good teacher is he,that we all,respect him.,42,He made,such,rapid progress that,the teacher praise him.,He made,so,much progress that,the teacher praise him.,43,“,一,就,”的表达法,as soon as,hardly/scarcely when,no sooner that,the moment/minute/second/instant,immediately/instantly/directly,on/upon+,n,./doing,44,他一到达车站汽车就发动了。,As soon as,(,连词,)he arrived at the,station,the bus started.,=,Hardly,(,连词,)had he arrived at the,station when the bus started.,=,No sooner,(,连词,)had he arrived at,the station than the bus started.,45,=,Immediately,(,副词,)he arrived at the,station,the bus started.,=,The moment,(,名词,)had he arrived at,the station when the bus started.,=,Upon/On,(,介词,)his arrival at,the station,the bus started.,46,until/till,均可用于肯定句，但,until,可用于句首，,till,则不可。,肯定句：,She slept,till/until,midnight.,Until,you told me,I had heard nothing,of what happened.,否定句：,She didnt arrive,until,midnight.,47,He didnt go to bed until he finished,his work.,=,Not until he finished his work did he,go to bed,.,(,倒装句,),=,It was not until he finished his,homework that he went to bed,.,(,强调句,),48,however,whatever,however,：后接,adj.,或,adv.,相当于,no matter how,whatever,：后接,n.,相当于,no matter what,。,49,However,difficult it may be,you,shouldnt give up.,Whatever,difficulties you may come,across,you shouldnt give up.,However,many difficulties you may,come across,you shouldnt give up.,You can dress,however,you like.,You can wear,whatever,you like.,50,区别几组词,1 as long as,和,as far as,as long as=so long as,只要,As far as=so far as,就,而言；到,程度,2 only if,和,if only,only if,只要,If only,要是,就好了,51,3 as if,和,even if,as if,似乎，好像,even if,即使，纵然,4 despite,和,although,despite (,介词,),虽然,although(,连词,),虽然,5 with,和,as,with (,介词,),随着,as(,连词,),随着,52,.,考点二,状语从句中成分的省略,53,53,当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，从,句的主语可以省略。谓语则按下面几种情况,省略或变化：,“,系表”结构省略,be,动词；,被动语态省略助动词,be,；,主动语态的动词则变为,doing,。,*,after,before,since,后接,being done,表示被动。,54,If necessary,(,如果有必要的话,),Ill explain it,to you again.,Though,lacking,(lack)money,they sent their,children to school.,He stopped as if,to see,(see)if someone,followed him.,55,状语从句同时具备下列两个条件,:,主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为,it,；,从句主要动词是,be,的某种形式。,从句中的主语和,be,动词常可省略。,When(the museum is)completed,the,museum will be open to the public next,year.,If(it is)possible,he will help you out of,the difficulty.,如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。,56,You must attend the meeting unless(it,is)inconvenient to you.,除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这,次会议。,另外，比较状语从句经常省略。,Im taller than he(is tall).,The higher the temperature(is),the,greater the pressure(is).,57,【,注意,】,：,当从句主语和主句主语不一致时，从句部分,要么用完全形式，要么用,独立主格结构,来表,达。,When the meeting was over,all the,people went out of the meeting-room.,当会议结束时，人们都走出了会议室。,=The meeting over,all the people went out of the meeting-room.,58,.,考点三,时态一致性,59,59,在,时间,或,条件,状语从句中，当主句是将来时的,时候，从句的,谓语动词,一般用“,一般现在时,”表,示“,一般将来时,”，用“,现在完成时,”表示“,将来,完成时,”。要注意,时态一致,。,They,are going to have,a picnic if it,doesnt rain,next week.,As soon as I,have finished,this work,I,will,have gone,home.,60,.,考点四,状语从句与倒装句,61,61,as,引导让步状语从句时，通常从句要倒装,as,表示“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句时，出,于强调的目的要倒装，即从句中的表语、谓语,动词或做状语的副词调至从句之首,a.,句首名词不能带任何冠词。,b.,句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。,句型为：,名词,/,形容词,/,过去分词,+as/though+,主语,+,动词,+,主句,62,1.Though he is a small child,he knows what is the right thing to do.,Child as he is,he knows what is the right thing to do.,2.Though he worked hard,he never seemed able to do the work satisfactorily.,Hard as he worked,he never seemed able to do the work satisfactorily.,63,3.Though you may fail,you should never give up.,Fail as you may,you should never give up.,4.Though it was raining heavily outside,they started out very early.,Heavily as it was raining outside,they started out very early.,64,5._,Carolina couldnt get the door open.,A.Try as she might,B.As she might try,C.She might as try,D.Might she as try,65,6._,he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.,A.A quiet student as he may be,B.Quiet student as he may be,C.Be a quiet student as he may,D.Quite as he may be a student,66,so,such,引导的结果状语从句置于句首，会引起倒装。,1.,So,angry was he,that,he yelled at me.,2.,Such,a nice day was it,that,we,picnicked on the grass.,3.So difficult _ it to work out the,problem that I decided to asked Tom for,advice.,A.I did find B.did I find,C.I have found D.have I found,67,“only+,状语从句,”,位于句首，主句用部分倒装语序，从句语序不变,Only when the war was over _ to his,hometown.,A.did the young soldier return,B.the young soldier returned.,C.returned the young soldier,D.the young soldier did return,68,not until,从句被提到句首时，主句用部分倒装语序，从句语序不变,Not until all the fish died in the river,_ how serious the pollution was.,A.did the villagers realize,B.the villagers realized,C.the villagers did realize,D.didnt the villagers realize,69,表示“一,就,”,的两个常见结构,“,No sooner,had,than.”,“,Hardly/Scarcely,had,when.”.,Did Linda see the traffic accident?,No,no sooner _ than it happened.,A.had she gone B.she had gone,C.has she gone D.she has gone,70,.,考点五,注意区分不同从句,71,71,引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要,根据句子结构和句意来判别。,You are to find it where you left it.,地点状语从句,Tell me the address where he lives.,定语从句，句中有先行词,I dont know where he came from.,宾语从句,Where he has gone is not known yet.,主语从句,This place is where they once hid.,表语从句,72,.,考点六,并列句与状语从句,73,73,并列句的基本概念,并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。,74,常见的并列句,1.,表递进关系：,用来表递进关系的并列连词有,and,not only but also,，,neither nor,not but,等。,2.,表选择关系：,常用的并列连词有,or,either,or,，,otherwise,等。,Either you are right,or I am.,75,3.,表转折对比关系,：,常用的并列连词有,but,yet,whereas,while,等。,The car is old,(and/but)yet it is in good condition.,=The car is old,but it is in good condition.,=The car is old.However(=Nevertheless=Still),it is in good condition.,*but,不与,although,连用，但,yet,still,可与,although,连用。,76,4.,表因果关系：,常用的并列连词有,so,for,。,The shops were closed so I didnt get any milk.,商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。,*,for,常出现在并列句中，不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些补充说明，常位于两个并列句中间，不可位于句首。,77,5.,用祈使句表示条件状语从句,1),“祈使句,+and+,陈述句”,=“if,引导的肯定条件句,+,陈述句”。,2)“,祈使句,+or/otherwise+,陈述句”,=“if,引导的否定条件句,+,陈述句,”,。,Work hard,and youll get good grades.(,改为含有条件状语从句的复合句,),If,you,work hard,youll get good grades.,78,1.Unlike watching TV,reading is a highly active process _ it requires attention as well as memory and imagination.,A.untilB.but,C.unlessD.for,2.The old teacher found it increasingly difficult to read,_ her eyesight was beginning to fail.,A.andB.for,C.butD.or,79,3.She is seriously ill,_ she doesnt give up hope.,A.thoughB.but,C.stillD.however,4.Find ways to praise your children often,_ youll find they will open their hearts to you.,A.till,B.or,C.and D.but,80,1.,状语从句的种类,2.,状语从句中的六大考点：,高频连接词；,状语从句中成分的省略；,时态的一致性；,状语从句与倒装句；,注意区分不同从句；,并列句与状语从句。,summary,81,1._ scientists have learned a lot about the universe,there is much we still dont know.,（,2015,安徽,23,）,A.OnceB.Since,C.ThoughD.Unless,2._ he once felt like giving up,he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.,（,2015,安徽,34,）,A.WhereB.As,C.In caseD.Now that,Test yourself,82,3.If you miss this chance,it may be years _ you get another one.,（,2015,重庆,4,）,A.As B.before,C.since D.after,4._ the job takes a significant amount of time.