句子成分和结构课件公开课获奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,require earn devote inform donate,requirement headmaster literature,available enjoyable challenging fluent,somehow fluently differently usually,第1页,英语词性分类,词类又叫词性，英语词性共有十大类。,Parts of Speech,第2页,1 名词 noun n.student 学生,2 代词 pronoun pron.you 你3 形容词 adjective adj.happy 快乐,4 副词 adverb adv.quickly 迅速地5 动词 verb v.cut 砍、割,6 数词 numeral num.three 三,7 冠词 article art.a 一种,8 介词 preposition prep.at 在.,9 连词 conjunction conj.and 和,10 感慨词 interjection interj.oh 哦,实词,虚词,第3页,英语句子成分,获得英语语法成功基石,第4页,句子是由词按照一定语法构造构成。构成句子各个部分叫做句子成分。,句子成分：,主,谓,宾,表,补,定,状,同位语,第5页,I,met,my best,friend,Tom,at the station yesterday,.,主语,谓,语,定语,宾,语,同位语,状,语,第6页,主语（subject）句子阐明人或事物,主语一般位于_。,Jane,is good at playing the piano.,She,went out in a hurry.,Four,plus four is eight.,To see,is to believe.,Smoking,is bad for health.,The young,should respect the old.,What he has said,is true.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（名词化形容词）,（句子）,句首,第7页,找出如下句中主语并说出是有什么来充当,1.The sun rises in the east.,2.Seeing is believing.,3.To see is to believe.,4.What he needs is a book.,5.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（名词）,（动名词）,（不定式）,（句子）,（,It,形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,第8页,当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子构造前后平衡，防止头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，自身无词义。,什么状况下用it作形式主语？,第9页,你能划出如下句子真正主语吗?你懂得翻译如下句子吗？,1)It is wrong to tell a lie.()2)It is no use arguing about it.()3)It is uncertain who will e.(),说谎是错误。,争执是没用。,谁要来还不确定。,第10页,谓语（predicate）阐明主语动作、状态和特性，用动词充当（有时不止一种动词），主谓一般要靠在一起。,简朴谓语:由动词或动词词组构成,I saw the flag on the top of the hill?,He looked after two orphans.,复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词;,He can speak English well.,She doesnt seem to like dancing,第11页,选出如下句中谓语,He looked up the word in the dictionary.,A.looked B.looked up,C.looked up the word D.in the dictionary,He has caught a bad cold.,A.has B.caught,C.has caught D.a bad cold,He practices running every morning.,A.running B.practices running,C.practices D.every morning,第12页,Show your passport,please.,She didnt say anything.,How many do you want?-I want two.,They sent the injured to hospital.,They asked to see my passport.,I enjoy working with you.,Did you write down what he said?,（名词）,(,代词）,(,数词,),(,名词化形容词,),(三)宾语（object）,动作对象或承受者，由n.或相称于n.词担任。,置于_或_之后。,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,及物动词,介词,第13页,有些及物动词如give,tell,bring,buy等可以带双宾语，一种指人，一种指物。一般状况下，指物叫直接宾语，指人叫间接宾语。间接宾语多放在直接宾语之前。,间接,宾语,直接,宾语,please pass,me,the book.,He bought,his girlfriend,some flowers,.,He gave,me,some books,.,第14页,宾语有三种,动宾,I bought,a book,.,直接,/,间接宾语,She gave,John,a book,介宾,They talk about,a book,.,注意,第15页,挑出如下句中宾语,My brother hasnt done his homework.,People all over the world speak English.,The teacher turned off the lights.,Hell give us a talk.,They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.,第16页,（四）表语（,predicative,）,在,系动词,后部分就是表语,The war was,over.,They seem,to know the truth,.,Time is,precious,.,Im not,quite myself,today.,That remains,a puzzle.,I dont feel,at ease,.,第17页,系动词,1.表状态 be(am,is,are),2.表感官 sound,taste,feel，look,seem,appear,3.表持续 keep,remain,stay,stand,You keep quite!,5.表变化 be e,grow,e,go,6.表终止 prove,turn out 证明,第18页,I found the book interesting.,Do you smell something burning?,He made himself known to them.,She asked me to lend her a hand.,（五）宾语补足语,（object plement）补充阐明宾语状况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。与宾语一起构成复合宾语。,常用动词有：,make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let等,第19页,（六）同位语（appositive）,位于名词或代词背面，解释阐明它们性质和状况，,两者语法功能相似，背面是前面同位语。,We,young people,should respect the old.,He,himself,will do the experiment.,He is the oldest among them,four.,He told me the news,that our team won the,game.,名词,代词,数词,从句,第20页,（,七,）定语,（,attribut,ive,）,He is a clever boy.,His father works in a steel work.,There are 54,students in our class.,Do you known bettys sister?,There is a sleeping baby in bed.,His spoken language is good.,(,形容词,),(,名词,),(,数词,),(名词所有格),(目前分词),(,过去分词,),对n./pron.进行修饰限定成分，,汉语中用表达。,(),(),(),(),(),(),第21页,定语后置：,假如定语是一种单词时，一般要前置。,而由一种词组或一种句子表达时，一般后置。,The girl in red is his sister.,We have a lot of work to do.,The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.,Do you know the man who spoke just now?,第22页,用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句成分,状语位置灵活。,I am very sorry.,We often help him.,When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.,（从句作时间状语,),（,八,）状语,（,adverbia,l,）,第23页,状语分类:,状语按照内容可分为时间,地点,原因,目旳,成果,条件,让步,方式,程度,伴随状况等.,表达时间、地点、目旳状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放句首。,第24页,画出如下句子状语,I will be back in a while.,They are playing on the playground.,He was late because he got up late.,He got up so late that I missed the train.,I waited to see you.,He often went to school by bus.,His parents died,leaving him an orphan.,Please call me if it is necessary.,This book is very interesting.,He went to school in spite of his illness.,第25页,句子成分巩固练习,第26页,（一）指出如下句子划线部分是什么句子成分：,1.The students got on the school bus.,2.He handed me the newspaper.,3.I shall answer your question after class.,4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!,5.They went hunting together early in the morning.,6.His job is to train swimmers.,7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.,8.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.,9.His wish is to be e a scientist.,10.Do you have anything else to say?,第27页,（二）分析如下各句中所包括句子成分,第28页,1.Last week I went to the supermarket.,Last week,I,went,to the supermarket,.,状 主 谓 状,2.The play was very interesting.,The play,was,very,interesting,.,主 系 状 表,3.I cant hear a word.,I,cant hear,a word,.,主 谓 宾,4.They were talking loudly.,They,were talking,loudly,.,主 谓 状,第29页,4.It was Sunday.,It,was,Sunday,.,主 系表,5.I never get up early on Sundays.,I,never,get up,early,on Sundays,.,主状 谓 状状,6.I looked at the young man and the young woman angrily.,I,looked at,the young man and the,主谓 宾,young woman,angrily,.,宾 状,第30页,7.I read a few lines,but I didnt understand a word.,I,read,a few,lines,but,I,didnt,主 谓定 宾 连 主 谓,understand,a word.,谓 宾,8.My holidays passed quickly,but I didnt send cards to my friends.,My holidays,passed,quickly,but,I,主 谓 状 连 主,didnt send,cards,to my friends,.,谓 宾 宾,第31页,9.I got up early and bought thirty cards.,I,got up,early,and,bought,thirty,cards,.,主 谓 状连 谓 定宾,10.He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.,He,is working,for a big firm,and,he,has,主 谓状 连 主谓,already,visited,a great number of,different,状 谓 定 定,places,in Australia,.,宾定,第32页,11.He has just bought a car and has gone to Alice Springs,a small town in the centre of Australia.,He,has,just,bought,a car,and,主 谓 状 谓 宾 连,has gone,to Alice Springs,a small town,谓状同位语,in the centre of Australia,.,定,第33页,12.He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.,He,calls at,every house,in the street,主 谓 宾定,once a month,and,always,asks for,状连 状谓,a meal and a glass of beer,.,宾,第34页,13.You will tell your friend that youve got to school.,You,will tell,your,friend,主 谓 定 间宾,that youve,got to school.,直宾,第35页,noun,adj./adv.,infinitive,V-ing,V-ed,etc.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾语,宾补,表语,宾语,(,间,),宾语,(,直,),Vt,系动词,Vi,Noun/Pronoun,The+adj,V-ing/Clause,Infinitive,Noun/Pronoun/,The+adj,V-ing/Clause/Infinitive,英语句子基本成分示意图,be/feel/seem/look,appear/stand/lie,be e/get/grow/turn,go/e/remain/keep,taste/smell etc.,noun,pronoun,adj./adv.,infinitive,V-ing/V-ed,clause,etc.,第36页,1,.Things changed.,2,.Trees are green.,3,.We dont beat children.,4,.He gave his sister the piano.,5,.I found the book easy.,6.There lies a book on the desk.,主,+,谓,主,+,系,+,表,主,+,谓,+,宾,主,+,谓,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,There be,句型,简朴句基本句型实例,第37页,Nobody went.,She became a doctor.,The car caught fire.,I will write you a long letter.,I will let him go.,Practice,主,+,谓,主,+,系,+,表,主,+,谓,+,宾,主,+,谓,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,第38页,附属成分,基本成分修饰语。可以是：,定语：即用来修饰名词单词、短语或从句,状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外词单词、短语或从句。,定 语,Poor,John tottered toward a hospital,nearby,She likes oranges,imported from the USA,.,John gave Mary,many,books,，,which are full of illustrations,Have you seen the book,on the desk,?,The boy,playing over there,is my brother.,People,there,like sports.,第39页,John often came to chat with me,John likes oranges very much,Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry,Hearing the news,he jumped with joy.,As he was ill,he didnt e to class yesterday.,She is sitting at the desk,doing her homework.,My father worked in this school ten years ago.,Youd better stay here.,状 语,第40页,按句子构造分：,1)简朴句,2)并列句,3)复合句,句子类型,第41页,简朴句,只有一种主语（或并列主语）和一种谓语（或并列谓语）。,（即只有一种主谓构造），它是最小句子单位。,e.g.,He,often,reads,English in the,morning.,Tom and Mike,are American boys.,She,likes drawing,and often,draws,pictures for the wall newspapers.,第42页,我们可以给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子动词加上副词修饰或给句子加上状语修饰等，以使整个句子意思变得更丰富和充实。但不管怎样变，都只有一种主谓构造。,He worked hard all his life.,(划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词worked),He is a school student in No.1 Middle School.,(划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词student),第43页,e.g.You help him,and,he helps you.,The future is bright,;,the road is tortuous.,并列句,句型：简朴句+并列连词+简朴句,并列句是由两个或两个以上简朴句连接而成。并列句中各简朴句意义同等重要，互相之间没有从属关系，是平行并列关系。它们之间用连词连结。,第44页,practice,This is me and these are my friends.,They must stay in water,or they will die.,Its not cheap,but it is very good.,It was late,so I went to bed.,and,or,but,so,He knocked at the door;there was no answer.,Youre alive!And shes dead.,第45页,就是具有两个或两个以上主谓构造句子。,这种构造中，必然有一种主谓构造是句子,主句部分，而另一种主谓构造则是句子,次要部分，即从句部分。,句型,主句+引导词+从句；或引导词+从句+主句,复合句,第46页,句型,主句+引导词+从句；或引导词+从句+主句,The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.、,(when引导一种时间状语从句),As is known to all,China is getting more and more powerful.,(as 引导一种定语从句),Where there is a will,there is a way.,(Where引导一种地点状语从句),第47页,名词性从句,状语从句,定语从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,复合句中从句包括,A plane is a machine,that,can fly.,He said,that,he didnt like her.,第48页,My roommate was sleeping,we didnt want to wake her up.,请用所学知识改正如下病句,My roommate was sleeping.,We didnt want to wake her up.,My roommate was sleeping,so,we didnt want to wake her up.,I went to bed because I was,tired.,I went to bed.Because I was,tired.,第49页,China has hundreds of islands,and the largest of which is Taiwan Island.,China has hundreds of islands,the largest of them is Taiwan Island.,China has hundreds of islands,and the largest of them is Taiwan Island,China has hundreds of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan Island,第50页,Exercises 判断句型,1.Having finished his homework,the boy went on to help his mother.,2.What he says doesnt suit what he does.,(简朴句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子),(复合句包括两个名词性从句：What he says 是一种主语从句；what he does 是一种宾语从句),第51页,3.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.,4.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.,5.There is a chair in this room,isnt there?,简朴句,复合句,简朴句,第52页,6.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.,7.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.,8.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and e back home at seven in the evening.,并列句,复合句,简朴句,第53页,9.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.,10.What he said at the meeting is very important,isnt it?,11.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.,12.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,并列句,复合句,简朴句,简朴句,第54页,1.She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.,A.arrivingB.to arrive,C.having arrived D.and arrived,2.She thought I was talking about her daughter,_,in fact,I was talking about my daughter.,A.whom B.where,C.which D.while,第55页,3.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_ was very reasonable.A.which price B.the price of which C.its price D.the price of that,4.She is American,_ she knows little about American history.A.so B.yet C.and D.therefore,第56页,5._ several times about it,but he could not give the correct answer.A.Being asked,B.Having been asked,C.He would ask,D.He had been asked,6._ the days went on,the situation there got worse.A.With B.Since C.While D.As,第57页,7.,She won the first prize in the speech contest and _ surprised us.A.which B.it C.as D.who,She won the first prize in the speech contest,_ surprised us.A.which B.it C.as D.who,第58页,8._ the text a second time,the meaning will be e clearer to you.A.Read B.Reading,C.If reading D.When you read,9._,so he didnt e to school last week.A.Though he was ill,B.Being ill,C.Having been ill,D.He was ill,第59页,