起升机构等级计算及安全原则.doc

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起升机构等级计算及安全原则起升机构的安全运行周期取决于是否按特定的工作等级正确使用。依据国家标准规定，起重机的起升机构工作等级由载荷谱和日均运行当量时间确定。 Safe and effective operation of the hoist is dependent on correct classification of the hoists operation group. According to FEM9.511 and China standard the hoists operating group can be determined from load spectrum and average Daily operating time. 1载荷谱 Load Spectrum 载荷谱可以依据下面表格确定 The load spectrum can be determined from the table below 轻级有时吊满载常常吊轻载固定载荷轻中级有时吊满载常常吊轻载固定载荷半载重级重复吊满载常常吊半载固定载荷重超重级几乎全吊满载固定载荷超重 Light Occasional full load Usually light load Small fixed load Medium Occasional full load Usually light load Average fixed load Heavy Repetitive full load Usually average load Heavy fixed load Very Heavy Usually almost full load Very heavy fixed load 2日均当量使用时间Average daily operating time 日均当量使用时间可以依据实际使用时间按统计方法测算，参照公式如下： The average daily operating time of the hoist can be calculated from the running time of the hoisting machinery (Hours/day): 参照公式 Formula t=(2 x N x H x T)/(V x 60) H = 平均起升高度average hoisting height (m) N = 平均每小时工作循环次数number of work cycles per hour (cycles/h) T = 日均工作时间 daily working time (h) V = 起升速度hoisting speed (m/min) 3工作级别确定Determining the operating group of the hoist 当载荷谱和日均当量使用时间确定后，可以依据下面表中数据查出工作级别： When the load spectrum and the average daily operating time of the hoist are identified, the hoists operating group is obtained from the table below: 载荷谱 Load Spectrum 日平均当量使用时间Average daily operating time ISO(GB) / FEM (小时/天hours per day) 1 2 4 8 16 轻级 Light M3 1Bm M4 1Am M5 2m M6 3m 中级 Medium M3 1Bm M4 1Am M5 2m M6 3m M7 4m 重级 Heavy M3 1Bm M4 1Am M5 2m M6 3m M7 4m 超重级 Very Heavy M4 1Am M5 2m M6 3m M7 4m 4 安全操作原则 Safe working principles 安全使用起重机、避免对人员和财物的损害的关键因素之一是慎重地按照安全操作规范正确使用起重机。 Carefully following safe working principles is one of the most effective ways of preventing damage to property and injury to personnel. 所有与起重机相关人员，包括操作员、维护人员、车间主任等，应熟悉起重机的操作规程。 The operator, service man and work manager for the hoist should be familiar with the safe working principles for the hoist. 用户自己的或第三方的经过起重机厂家培训的维护队伍是安全使用的保证。 A service team from customer or third party trained by manufacturer for operating the hoist and any maintenance services is needed. 很多事故或损害来自错误使用或不当的维护，经培训的有经验的维护人员和操作员可以起到有效预防作用。 Misuse of the hoist or improper servicing may result in an accident that cannot be prevented by the safety equipment. Training in operation and servicing the hoist, foresight and care are essential in order to prevent accidents.

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