中考英语-句型转换解题方法(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,中考句型转换,一、同义句转换,（一）替代法,1、同义词（短语）2、反义词（短语）3、短语替代从句,（二）合并法,1、并列连词 2、从属连词 3、直接引语变间接引语,（三）转换法,1、句型转换 2、语态转换,（四）综述法,二、肯定句否定句,三、陈述句一般疑问句,四、陈述句反义疑问句,五、陈述句感叹句,六、对划线部分提问,七、简单句复合句,复合句简单句或并列句,八、主动语态被动语态,九、直接引语间接引语,1,一、同义句转换,（一）替代法,用同义词、同义短语或反义词、反义短语等来替代原句中的有关部分，使改写后的句子与原句意思相符。,1、用同义词（短语）替代,1）My father and mother are judges.,My,are judges.,2）We have friends all over the world.,We have friends,the world.,3）We had a good time at the party.,We,at the party.,parents,throughout,enjoyed,ourselves,2,2、用反义词（短语）替代,1）Dont forget to lock the door.,to lock the door.,2）My radio doesnt work well.,Something,my radio.,3）Things weigh heavier on the earth than on the moon.,Things are,on the moon than on the earth.,3、用短语替代从句,如果原句含有状语从句、宾语从句等，改写后的句子中可用介词短语或不定式短语等来替代。,1）When he was twelve,Edison began working.,the,twelve,Edison began working.,2）We cant finish the work if you dont help us.,We cant finish the work,your help.,Remember,is,with,wrong,lighter,At,age,of,without,3,（二）合并法,1、用并列连词将两个单词合并为一个新的复合句或单句，句子仍保持原意。常用的并列连词有bothand,neithernor,not onlybut also,eitheror等。,1）France is in Europe.Sweden is also in Europe.,France,Sweden are in Europe.,2）He cant sing.He cant dance,either.,He can,sing,dance.,and,Both,neither,nor,4,2、用从属连词将两个单句合并为一个复句。常用的从属连词有sothat,so that,notuntil,as soon as,if等。,1）The maths problem was very difficult.No one could work it out.,The maths problem was,difficult,no one could work it out.,2）The teacher came in.And then the students stopped talking.,The students did,stop talking,the teacher came in.,that,so,not,until,5,3、直接引语变间接引语也用合并法。,如果直接引语是陈述句或疑问句，变为间接引语时则要用连词（if/whether是否）；,如果直接引语为祈使句则变为间接引语为tell/ask/order sb.(not),to do sth.,形式。,1）“Have you ever been to China?”John asked Joan.,John asked Joan,she,been to China.,2）“Dont make faces in class!”the teacher said to the student.,The teacher told the student,make faces in class.,if/whether,had,not,to,6,（三）转换法,通过能够表示同一意义的不同句型、句式的转换来达到改写句子的目的。,1、句型转换,初中常见的几种转换句型有：,sb.spend some time/money doing sth.与It takes sb.some time/money to do sth.的转换；,tooto与sothatcant do sth.的转换；,tooto与notenough to do sth.的转换。,1)I spent half an hour working out the maths problem.,It,me half an hour,work out the maths problem.,2)She was too frightened to say a word.,She was,frightened,she could not say a word.,3)He is too young to join the army.,He is not,to join the army.,took,to,so,that,old,enough,7,2、语态的转换,1)Tom invited Mary to have dinner with him.,Mary,by Tom to have dinner with him.,2)She couldnt keep back her tears when Tom took her model planes away.,She couldnt help crying when her planes,away by Tom.,（四）综述法,通过在逻辑思维的基础上，对原句（一般是两个句子）的意思重新进行概括地表述。,1)Toms mother is fifty.Jacks mother is fifty,too.,Jacks mother is,old,Toms.,2)Xiao Ming was born in 1991.I was born in 1992.,Xiao Ming is one year,I.,was,invited,were,taken,as,as,older,than,8,二、肯定句改否定句,除了要正确使用谓语动词的否定形式外，还要将句中的some变为any，将something变为anything。,1、Mrs.King does the cleaning after work.(否定),Mrs.King,the cleaning after work.,2、There is some milk in the glass.(否定),There,milk in the glass.,There,milk in the glass.,(notany=no),3、The old man realized that too much salt was harmful to health.,The old man,that too much salt was harmful to health.,doesnt,do,isnt,any,is,no,didnt,realize,9,三、陈述句改一般疑问句,要根据陈述句中的,谓语动词,及其,时态形式,确定其疑问式，同时还要注意将原句中的some改为any，将something改为anything。,1、My father watches TV every night.,your father,TV every night?,2、Allan went to the library yesterday.,Allan,to the library yesterday?,3、This dress will cost her 90 yuan.,this dress,her 90 yuan?,4、He is my good friend.,he,good friend?,5、There is something wrong with my watch.,there,wrong with,watch?,Does,watch,Did,go,Will,cost,Is,your,Is,anything,your,10,四、陈述句改反意疑问句,除了遵循“陈述部分若为肯定式，疑问部分则用否定式；陈述部分若为否定式，疑问部分则用肯定式”的原则外，还要注意：,当陈述部分含有little,few,no,nothing,never等否定意义时，疑问部分要用肯定式。,1、The car hit the big tree yesterday,?,2、Melissa got a birthday present,?,3、Lets have a discussion about it,?,4、She has never been to New York,?,we,has,she,shall,didnt,she,didnt,it,11,五、将陈述句变为感叹句,先要确定用,what,还是,how,开头。如果强调部分的中心词是名词，就用what；若是形容词或者副词，则要用how。然后将所强调的部分移至what或how之后，要注意去掉修饰形容词或副词的副词。,1、The TV play is really wonderful.,the TV play is!,2、It is exciting news.,news it is!,3、She is a lovely girl.,girl she is!,How,wonderful,What,exciting,What,a,lovely,12,六、对划线部分提问,“一定”、“二移（或加）”、“三变化”、“四删除”,第一步“定”。,就是根据划线部分的内容确定适当的疑问词。,问时间用when或what time；问地点用where；,问人物用who(主格),whom(宾格),whose(所有格)；,问做什么用whatdo/does/did；问价钱用how much；,问多少用how many(可数名词)或how much(不可数名词)；,问频率用how often；问多长用how long；,问多远用how far；问多久用how soon；,问年龄用how old；问原因用why；问选择哪一个用which。,13,第二步“移（或加）”。,就是将句子的结构改为一般疑问句形式。,如果谓语部分含有系动词be，助动词do、will、have或,情态动词时，则将这一类动词移至句首（主谓颠倒）；,如果谓语动词是行为动词（实意动词），则需要在主语前,添加助动词do、does或did。,第三步“变化”，,即对句子中某些词作相应的变化。,除了将谓语动词变为原形动词外，还要注意将原句中首单,词的首字母改为小写，将句中的some变为any，将句号,改为问号等。,第四步“删除”，就是去掉被疑问词替换的划线部分的词。,14,1、I collect toys,because they are beautiful,.,you collect toys?,2、The English teacher always encourages his students,to learn English well,.,the English teacher always encourage his students to do?,3、The boy,in blue,is my brother.,is your brother?,4、Henry has stayed there,for three years,.,has Henry stayed there?,5、He is,playing basketball with Mike,now.,is he,now?,He is playing basketball with,Mike,now.,is he,basketball with now?,Why,do,What,does,Which,boy,How,long,What,doing,Whom,playing,15,七、简单句变复合句；复合句变简单句或并列句。,既要注意句子的结构变化，又要注意不能改变句子的意思。要重视一些常用连词和动词的非谓语形式的用法。,1、Mike is 14 years old.David is 12 years old.,Mike is 2 years,David.,2、Are there museums in the city?Could you tell me?,Could you tell me,there,museums in the city?,older,than,if,are,16,3、I borrowed a book from the library.,It was newly published.,The book,I borrowed from the library,newly published.,4、The poor child was so lucky that she received many books from Project Hope.,The poor child was,to receive many books from Project Hope.,5、Wang Wei asked his teacher how he could play the violin well.,Wang Wei asked his teacher,play the violin well.,that/which,was,lucky,enough,how,to,17,八、主动语态变为被动语态,谓语动词变为“be+过去分词”形式，这里的be除了与原句,在时态上保持一致外，还要与句子的人称和数保持一致。,1、Students cant take magazines out of the reading-room.,Magazines cant,out of the reading-room by students.,2、Yesterday our teacher asked us to clean the classroom.,Yesterday,asked to clean the classroom.,3、After planting the trees,you should water them often.,The trees,often after they,.,taken,be,were,we,should,be,watered,are,planted,18,九、直接引语改为间接引语,除了要对人称代词、动词时态、时间状语和地点状语等作相应的变化外，有时还要更改相应的谓语动词或将谓语动词改为非谓语动词形式。,“Can you help me carry the heavy box upstairs?”Mr.White asks.,Mr.White asks,help,carry the heavy box upstairs.,If/whether,I/we,him,19,