(课件)小学英语语法系列3-形容词和副词详细讲解-免费下载.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,渭塘天天教育,Qq:276158535,Good morning,everyone!,1,小学英语语法形容词和副词,2,形容词,形容词（,adjective,简称,adj.,或,a.,）,修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质，状态和特征。,根据形式，形容词可以分为,简单形容词,（由单个词构成的）和,复杂形容词,（两个或两个以上的词构成的）如：,beautiful,是简单形容词，,good-looking,是复杂形容词,e.g:She is a,good-looking,girl.(good-looking,是由形容词,good,和分词,looking,构成的复合形容词。）,3,4.2,以,-ly,结尾的形容词,1,）大部分形容词加,-ly,可构成副词。但,friendly,，,deadly,，,lovely,，,lonely,，,likely,，,lively,，,ugly,，,brotherly,，仍为形容词。,（错）,She sang lovely.,（错）,He spoke to me very friendly.,4,2,）有些以,-ly,结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如,daily,，,weekly,，,monthly,，,yearly,，,early,等。例如：,The Times is a weekly paper.,时代周刊,为周刊。,The Times is published weekly.,时代周刊,每周发行一期。,5,4.3,用形容词表示类别和整体,1,）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，如,the dead,，,the living,，,the rich,，,the poor,，,the blind,，,the hungry,等。例如：,The poor are losing hope.,穷人行将失去希望。,6,2,）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用，如,the British,，,the English,，,the French,，,the Chinese,等。例如：,The English have wonderful sense of humor.,英国人颇有幽默感。,7,三、形容词和副词的级,形容词和副词有三个等级：,原级、比较级、最高级,1.原级：即形容词和副词的原形。,small,good,pretty,big,many,hard,happily,slowly,quickly,程度副词,very,too,so,quite,等修饰形容词和副词的原级。,如：very tall、too hot、so cold,quite interesting,run,quickly,8,程度副词,very,too,so,quite,等修饰形容词和副词的原级。,如：very tall、too hot、so cold,quite interesting,run,quickly,asas,(与一样）not as（so)as（与不一样）中间用原级。,The story is,as,interesting,as,that one.,The question is,not as/so,difficult,as,that one.,9,形容词的用法,1),形容词在句子中通常放在名词前面，形容词,+,名词，含有“,的”意思。如：,a,clever,boy,一个聪明的男孩,a,blue,car,一辆蓝色的汽车,注意：形容词在修饰,someone,somebody,something,anything,nothing,等不定代词时，需要置于其后。,如：,something,important,重要的事情,nothing,interesting,没有什么有趣的事,10,2),形容词在句子中也常放在系动词之后，名词,+,系动词,+,形容词，如：,These flowers are,red,.,这些花是红色的。,(,形容词,red,在句中放在系动词,be,之后。）,Bob looks,smart,today.,今天鲍勃看上去很精神。,3,形容词与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、距离”的词连用时，常放在后面。,I am 1.60 meters,tall,.,我,1,米,60,。,She is 12 years,old,.,我,12,岁。,11,Exercise,1,、,She is a()girl.,A,、,beautiful B,、,beauty C,、,beautifully,2,、,The food tastes(),A,、,terribly B,、,delicious C,、,deliciously,A,B,12,形容词的比较级和最高级句型。,13,形容词是用来修饰和描述名词，通常放在,名词,之前,a,blue,cap,a,big,orange,形容词既可修饰单数也可修饰复数,a,red,strawberry three,red,strawberries,一.形容词的概念,14,2.形容词可以放在,be,动词之后，用来,叙述和说明,主语,This suit,is,blue.,These suits,are,blue.,The apple,is,red.,The apples,are,red.,15,3.形容词的类别：,形容词,简单形容词：,由单个词构成,复合形容词：,由两个或两个 以上词构成,darkblue,（深蓝的）,lightgreen,（浅绿的）,goodlooking,（好看的）,newborn,（新生的）,evergreen,（常青的）,snowwhite,（雪白的）,16,big small,open closed,tall short,short long,4.形容词中的反义词：,17,Beautiful ugly,happy sad,ill well,Youngold,fast slow,18,tallshort fatthin,strongweak,happysad,高的-矮的 胖的-瘦的 结实的-虚弱的,快乐的-悲伤的,youngold newold longshort bigsmall,年轻的-年老的 新的,旧的 长的,短的 大的,小的,biglittle goodbad hotcold warmcool,大的,小的 好的,坏的 热的,冷的 温暖的,凉爽的,drywet,fullempty cleandirty,fastslow,干的,湿的 满的,空的 干净的,脏的 快的,慢的,thickthin,lightheavy ill well,sweet bitter,厚的,薄的 轻的,重的,生病的 好的 甜的 苦的,noise quiet beautiful ugly clever stupid,吵闹的,安静的 漂亮的,丑陋的 聪明的,愚笨的,19,写出下列形容词和副词的反义词,1.fast,2.tall,3.heavy,4.empty,5.fat,6.easy,7.clean,8.safe,9.late,10.fat,11.cold,12.dry,13.slowly,14.easily,15.little,16.few,17.good,18.while,20,副词放在所修饰的动词之后、形容词和副 词之前,。如果前面是行为动词，则后面用副词。,如:,1.She works,hard,.（修饰动词）,2.I am,very,busy.（修饰形容词）,3.He runs,too,quickly.（修饰副词）,4.We play,happily.,（修饰动词）,副词,是用来修饰,动词、形容词、,其他副词或全句的词，,表示时间、地点、程度、状态,等。如：,副词的概念,21,通常在形容词后加,-ly,变成副词。,slow _ real _,usual _ careful_,easy _ happy _,heavy _ angry _,slow,ly,usual,ly,eas,ily,heav,ily,real,ly,careful,ly,happ,ily,angr,ily,22,The dog is,bigger,than,the mouse.,The horse is,the,biggest,of all,.,The boy is,younger,than,the man.,The baby is,the,youngest of the three,.,big,bigger,biggest,young younger,youngest,23,Jim,Li Lei,Tom,Li Lei is,taller than,Tom.,Jim is,the tallest of all,.,￥30,￥20,￥10,The yellow coat is,cheaper than,the purple one.,The brown coat is,the cheapest of,the three,.,24,The dog,is,bigger,than,the mouse,The boy,is,younger,than,the man.,Li Lei,is,taller,than,Tom.,The yellow coat,is,cheaper,than,the purple one.,比较级,Conclusion,A +be+比较级+than+B,形容词比较级句式的结构：,25,最高级,Conclusion,The horse is,the,biggest,of all.,The baby is,the,youngest,of the three.,The brown coat is,the cheapest.,Jim is,the,tallest,in our class.,主语 +be +,the,+最高级+of/in.,形容词最高级句式的结构：,26,￥30,￥20,￥10,Tom,Li Lei,Jim,young,cheap,tall,27,Jim is strong.,Li Lei is .,Tom is .,stronger,the strongest,Exercise,28,The blue car is,nice,.,The red car,the blue car.(红车比蓝车好看）,The colour car of all.,（彩色车最好看）,is nicer than,is the nicest,29,big,bigger,Look at the pictures and understand,看图并理解,30,Look at the pictures and understand,看图并理解,big,bigger,biggest,31,fast,Look at the pictures and understand,看图并理解,32,fast,faster,Look at the pictures and understand,看图并理解,33,fast,faster,fastest,Look at the pictures and understand,看图并理解,34,副词,副词,(adverb,缩写为,adv.,或,ad.),用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词，可表示时间、地点、程度、状态等。如：,1The wind is blowing,strongly,.,风刮的很大。（副词,strongly,修饰动词,blow,，表示程度。）,2 I can see,clearly.,我能看的清。（副词,clearly,修饰动词,see),3 It is,very,late.,天很晚了。（副词,very,修饰形容词,late),4I love you,very,much.,我很爱你。（副词,very,修饰副词,much),35,副词的分类,1),时间副词：表示“事情发生的时间”,now,现在,then,那时,today,今天,yesterday,昨天,2,）地点副词：表示“事情发生的地点、位置。”,Here,这里,there,那里,3,）频率副词：表示“事情发生的频度”,always,总是,usually,通常,often,经常,seldom,很少,sometimes,有时,never,从不,36,星期日,星期一,星期二,星期三,星期四,星期五,星期六,always,100%,usually,75%,often,50%,sometimes,25%,seldom,5%,never,0%,37,4,）程度副词：表示程度的深浅,much,很，非常,little,很少,very,非常,too,太,quite,十分,5),疑问副词：用来引导一个特殊疑问句,。,how,怎样,when,什么时候,where,在哪里,why,为什么,38,副词的用法,(1),副词修饰动词时，通常位于被修饰动词的后面。如：,We should study,hard,.,我们应该努力学习。,You walk too,fast,.,你走得太快了。,（,2,）副词修饰形容词时，通常放在形容词的前面。如：,The boy is,too,young to go to school.,那个小孩子太小，不能去 上学。,Mark Twin is a,very,funny man.,马克吐温是一个非常有趣的人。,39,(3),副词修饰副词时，通常放在被修饰副词的前面。,如：,Lihua dances,very,well.,李华的舞跳得很好。,Thank you,very,much.,非常感谢。,（,4,）表示频率的副词，通常位于主谓之间，也可以位于句首。,He,often,goes to school by bike.,他经常骑车去上学。,Sometimes,he goes to see his grandmother.,他有时候去看他的奶奶。,40,副词的作用,He runs fast.run,为动词，,fast,是副词,She does his homework carefully.does,为动词，,carefully,是副词,I eat my dinner quickly.eat,为动词，,carefully,是副词,41,副词的比较级和最高级,一般的副词（规则中,1,，,2,，,3,变化而来）为长音节词，这些词的比较级和最高级同形容词中长音节词的变化规则一样，在词的前面加,more,变成比较级，在词前面加,most,构成最高级。,例如：,carefullymore carefullymost carefully slowlymore slowlymost slowly,一般的副词（规则中,1,，,2,，,3,变化而来）为长音节词，这些词的比较级和最高级同形容词中长音节词的变化规则一样，在词的前面加,more,变成比较级，在词前面加,most,构成最高级。例如：,carefully,more carefully,most carefully slowly,more slowly,most slowly,42,与形容词同形的副词，这些词的比较级和最高级和形容词一致。,fast-faster-fastest hardharderhardest latelaterlatest earlyearlier-earliest,特殊记,wellbetterbest badlyworse-worst,43,as.as,和,一样,He walks as fast as I.,因为句中,walk,是动词，所以,asas,中间应该用副词原级，修饰动词,walk,。,注：当,as,前面是,be,动词时，,asas,之间用形容词原级；当,as,前面是动词时，,asas,之间用副词原级。,44,5,）句子中有助动词或,be,动词时，副词一般位于助动词或,be,动词之后。如：,The visitors have,just,arrived.,这些游客已经到达了。,The bus is,always,crowded.,车里总是拥挤的。,45,4.5,副词及其基本用法,副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。,一、副词的位置,1,）在动词之前。,2,）在,be,动词、助动词之后。,3,）多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。,46,注意：,a.,大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如：,We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.,我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。,47,b.,方式副词,well,，,badly,，,hard,等只放在句尾。例如：,He speaks English well.,他英语说得好。,二、副词的排列顺序：,1,）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。,48,2,）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用,and,或,but,等连词连接。例如：,Please write slowly and carefully.,请写得慢一些，仔细一些,3,）多个不同副词排列：程度,+,地点,+,方式,+,时间副词。,49,注意：副词,enough,要放在形容词的后面，形容词,enough,放在名词前后都可。例如：,50,I dont know him well enough.,他我不熟悉。,There is enough food for everyone to eat.,有足够的食物供每个人吃。,There is food enough for everyone to eat.,51,4.6,兼有两种形式的副词,1,）,close,与,closely,close,意思是,近,；,closely,意思是,仔细地,。例如：,He is sitting close to me.,他就坐在我边上。,Watch him closely.,盯着他。,52,2,）,late,与,lately,late,意思是,晚,；,lately,意思是,最近,。例如：,You have come too late.,你来得太晚了。,What have you been doing lately?,近来好吗？,53,3,）,deep,与,deeply,deep,意思是,深,，表示空间深度；,deeply,时常表示感情上的深度，,深深地,。例如：,He pushed the stick deep into the mud.,他把棍子深深插进泥里。,Even father was deeply moved by the film.,老爸也被电影深深打动了。,54,4,）,high,与,highly,high,表示空间高度；,highly,表示程度，相当于,much,。例如：,The plane was flying high.,这架飞机飞得很高。,I think highly of your opinion.,你的看法很有道理。,55,5,）,wide,与,widely,wide,表示空间宽度；,widely,意思是,广泛地,，,在许多地方,。例如：,He opened the door wide.,他把门开得大大的。,English is widely used in the world.,英语在世界范围内广泛使用。,56,6,）,free,与,freely,free,的意思是,免费,；,freely,的意思是,无限制地,。例如：,You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.,无论什么时候，我这饭铺免费对你开放。,You may speak freely;say what you like.,你可以畅所欲言，想说什么就说什么。,57,Exercise,1)My father().,A,、,works hard B,、,hard works C,、,work hardly,2)The dress is().,A,、,beautiful quite B,、,quite beautiful C,、,quite beauty,3,）,Tom speaks English,（）,.,A,、,well so B,、,well very C,、,so well,4,）,I,（）,him speak English.,A,、,often hear B,、,hear often C,、,hear usually,5,）,She,（）,beautiful.,A,、,so is B,、,is very C,、,very is,A,B,C,A,B,58,副词的变化,1,一般情况下直接加,“,ly,”,如,quick,quick,ly,2,以辅音字母加,“,y,”,结尾的形容词要变,“,y,”,为,“,i,”,，然后再加,“,ly,”,，如,happy,happ,ily,3,某些辅音字母加不发音字母,“,e,”,结尾和以,“,ue,”,结尾的形容词要先去掉,“,e,”,，然后再加,“,y,”,或,“,ly,”,，如,terrible,terrib,ly,true,tru,ly,4,有些词即可以做形容词，也可以做副词。如,fast-fast,59,形容词的比较级,规则,原级,比较级,1,在词尾后直接加,-,er,tall /strong,tall,er/,strong,er,2,词尾是,e,只加,-r,nice/late,nice,r/,late,r,3,以辅音字母加,y,结尾的，把,y,变,i,再加,-,er,happy/early,happ,ier/,earl,ier,4,重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加,-er,thin/hot,thin,ner/,hot,ter,1,单音节和少数双音节词比较级的规则变化,：,60,2,其他双音节词或多音节词，在该词前面加,-more,beautiful-,more,beautiful,wonderful-,more,wonderful,61,词 尾 变 化,原级,比较级,最高级,单音节词在词尾加,-er(,比较级,),或,-est(,最高级,),以字母,e,接尾的词加,-r,或,-st,tall hard large wide,以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加,er,或,est,big hot thin fat wet,以辅音字母,+y,结尾的词变为,i,再加,-er,或,-est,happy dry early,narrow clever,多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加,more,和,most,difficult popular,slowly,taller harder larger wider,tallest hardest largest widest,bigger hotter fatter wetter,biggest hottest fattest wettest,happier drier earlier,happiest driest earliest,narrower cleverer,narrowest cleverest,more difficult more popular,more slowly,most difficult most popular,most slowly,少数以,-er,-ow,结尾的双音节词可加,-er,或,-est,规则变化,62,原级,good,well,bad,ill,many,much,little,far,old,比较级,最高级,better,best,worse,worst,less,more,most,farther/further,older/elder,least,farthest/furthest,oldest/eldest,不规则变化,巧记：,特殊形式比较级,共有三对二合一,坏病两多并两好,little,意思不是小,一分为二有两个,一是老来二是远,63,原级,比较级,最高级,bad/ill,worse,worst,many/much,more,most,good/well,better,best,little,less,least,old,older/,e,lder,oldest/,e,ldest,far,far,th,er/f,u,rther,far,th,est/f,u,rthest,2.不规则变化,【巧记】,：,特殊形式比较级,共有三对二合一,坏病两多和两,好,little意思不是小,一分为二有两个,一是老来二是远,64,在形容词词尾加上“,er,”“,est,”构成比较级、最高级：,bright,（明亮的）,brighter,brightest,broad,（广阔的）,broader,broadest,cheap,（便宜的）,cheaper,cheapest,clean,（干净的）,cleaner,cleanest,clever,（聪明的）,cleverer,cleverest,cold,（寒冷的）,colder,coldest,cool,（凉的）,cooler,coolest,dark,（黑暗的）,darker,darkest,65,dear,（贵的）,dearer,dearest,deep,（深的）,deeper,deepest,fast,（迅速的）,faster,fastest,few,（少的）,fewer,fewest,great,（伟大的）,greater,greatest,hard,（困难的，硬的）,harder,hardest,high,（高的）,higher,highest,kind,（善良的）,kinder,kindest,66,light,（轻的）,lighter,lightest,long,（长的）,longer,longest loud,（响亮的）,louder,loudest,low,（低的）,lower,lowest,near,（近的）,nearer,nearest,new,（新的）,newer,newest,poor,（穷的）,poorer,poorest,quick,（快的）,quicker,quickest,67,quiet,（安静的）,quieter,quietest,rich,（富裕的）,richer,richest,short,（短的）,shorter,shortest,slow,（慢的）,slower,slowest,small,（小的）,smaller,smallest,smart,（聪明的）,smarter,smartest,soft,（柔软的）,softer,softest,68,strong,（强壮的）,stronger,strongest,sweet,（甜的）,sweeter,sweetest,tall,（高的）,-taller-tallest,thick,（厚的）,thicker,thickest,warm,（温暖的）,warmer,warmest,weak,（弱的）,weaker,weakest,young,（年轻的）,younger,youngest,69,双写最后一个字母，再加上“,er,”“,est,”,big,（大的）,bigger,biggest,fat,（胖的）,fatter,fattest,hot,（热的）,hotter,hottest,red,（红的）,redder,reddest,70,sad,（伤心的）,sadder,saddest,thin,（瘦的）,thinner,thinnest,wet,（湿的）,wetter,wettest,mad,（疯的）,madder,maddest,71,以不发音的字母,e,结尾的形容词，加上“,r,”“,st,”构成比较级,able,（能干的）,abler,ablest,brave,（勇敢的）,braver,bravest,close,（接近的）,closer,closest,fine,（好的，完美的）,finer,finest,large,（巨大的）,larger,largest,late,（迟的）,later,latest,nice,（好的）,nicer,nicest,72,ripe,（成熟的）,riper,ripest,rude,（粗鲁的）,ruder,rudest,safe,（安全的）,safer,safest,strange,（奇怪的）,stranger,strangest,wide,（宽广的）,wider,widest,wise,（睿智的，聪明的）,wiser,wisest,white,（白的）,whiter,whitest,73,以字母,y,结尾的形容词，把,y,改为,i,，再加上“,er,”“,est,”,busy,（忙碌的）,busier,busiest,dirty,（脏的）,dirtier,dirtiest,dry,（干燥的）,drier,driest,early,（早的）,earlier,earliest,easy,（容易的）,easier,easiest,friendly,（友好的）,friendlier,friendliest,funny,（好玩的）,funnier,funniest,happy,（开心的）,happier,happiest,74,healthy,（健康的）,healthier,healthiest,heavy,（重的）,heavier,heaviest,hungry,（饿的）,hungrier,hungriest,lazy,（懒惰的）,lazier,laziest,lucky,（幸运的）,luckier,luckiest,naughty,（调皮的）,naughtier,naughtiest,noisy,（嘈杂的）,noisier,noisiest,75,pretty,（美丽的）,prettier,prettiest,silly,（傻的）,sillier,silliest,spicy,（辣的）,spicier,spiciest,thirsty,（渴的）,thirstier,thirstiest,ugly,（丑的）,uglier,ugliest,76,双音节、多音节形容词，在单词前面加上“,more,”“,most,”,afraid,（害怕的）,more afraid,most afraid,beautiful,（美丽的）,more beautiful,most beautiful,careful,（仔细的）,more careful,most careful,77,cheerful,（开心的）,more cheerful,most cheerful,crowded,（拥挤的）,more dangerous,most dangerous,delicious,（美味的）,more delicious,most delicious,difficult,（困难的）,78,more crowded,most crowded,dangerous,（危险的）,more difficult,most difficult,exciting,（令人兴奋的）,more exciting,most exciting,expensive,（昂贵的）,more expensive,most expensive,famous,（著名的）,79,more famous,most famous,frightened,（受惊的）,more frightened,most frightened,frightening,（令人害怕的,）,more frightening,most frightening,hard-working,（勤奋的）,80,more hard-working,most hard-working,helpful,（有帮助的）,more helpful,most helpful,honest,（诚实的）,more honest,most honest,important,（重要的）,81,more important,most important,interesting,（有趣的）,more interesting,most interesting,polite,（有礼貌的）,more polite,most polite,82,terrible,（可怕的）,more terrible,most terrible,tired,（累的）,more tired,most tired,83,不规则变化的形容词,bad,（坏的）,worse,worst,far,（远的）,farther,farthest,(far,further,furthest),good,（好的）,better,best,ill,（病的）,worse,worst,little,（少的）,less,least,84,many,（多的）,more,most,much,（多的）,more,most,old,（年老的）,older,oldest,(old,elder,eldest),well,（好的，身体好的）,better,best,85,形容词原级的常用句型,Tom is as,tall,as Mike.,as+,形容词原形,+as,There are as,many students,in our school as yours.,Tom is three times as,old,as Mike.,86,否定,not as+,形容词原形,+as,“,和,不一样”,或,not so+,形容词原形,+as,“,不及不如,Tom is not as,tall,as Mike.,Tom is not so,tall,as Mike.,87,This truck is,big enough to,carry 5 tons.,so+,形容词原级,+that,丛句,such+,名词,that,丛句,He is,so,big,that,he cant enter the room bythe door.,too+,原级,+to do sth.,He is,too,young,to,join the army.,形容词原级,+enough to do sth.,88,比较级,+than,形容词比较级的常用句型,This bridge is,longer than,that one.,Our school is,larger than,theirs.,89,表示两者之间的选择，可使用,“,Which is,+,比较级，,or?”,表示不及另一方时，使用“,less,+,原级,+,than,”,Which is,longer,this one,or,that?,This park is,less,beautiful,than,that one.,90,“The+,比较级,，,the+,比较级,”,“,比较级,+and+,比较级,”,The,smaller,the house is,the less,it will cost us the heat.,In spring,the days are getting,longer and longer,.,91,one of the+,最高