沙格列汀的作用机制(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2,#,沙格列汀的作用机制,1,2,肠促胰岛激素简史,1902-,首次观察到藏到对胰岛分泌的影响,1,2,1932-,首次确定肠促胰岛素,3,1964-,证实仓促胰岛素效应,1,4,5,1966-,首次描述,DPP-4 6,1973-GIP,被确定为一种人类长促胰岛素,1,1986-,证实了长促胰岛素在,2,型糖尿病患者中的作用,7,1995-DPP-4,被确定为一种灭活,GIP,和,GLP-1,的酶,9,10,1987-GLP-1,被确定为一种人类长促胰岛素,Creutzfeldt W.Regul Pept.2005;128:87-91.,Bayliss WM et al.J Phystol.1902;28:325-353.,La Barre J.Bull Acad R.Med Belg.1932;120:620-634.,McIntyre N et al.Lancet.1964;41:20-21.,Elrick H et al.J Clin Endocr.1964;24:1076-1082.,Hopsu-Havu VK,Glenner GG.Histochemle.1966;7(3):197-201.,Nauck M et al.Diabetologia.1986;29:46-52.,Kreymann B et al.Lancet.1987;2:1300-1304.,Kieffer TJ et al.Endocrinology.1995;136;3385-3596.,Deacon CF et al.J Clin Endocrinol Metab.1995;80:952-957.,2,2025/4/17 周四,静脉血浆葡萄糖,(mmol/L),时间,(,分钟,),C-,肽,(nmol/L),11,5.5,0,0.0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,时间,(,分钟,),0,1,60,120,180,0,2,口服葡萄糖,静脉注射葡萄糖,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,平均值,SE;n=6;*P,0.05;01-02=,葡萄糖输注时间,肠促胰,素效应,的发现,与静脉注射葡萄糖相比，口服葡萄糖,增强了,-,细胞反应,Nauck J.Clin Endocrinol Metab.1986;63:492-8.,检测,8,名健康对照受试者口服葡萄糖（,50 g,）和静脉注射葡萄糖的反应,与静脉注射葡萄糖相比，口服葡萄糖后，患者的血清,C,肽水平更高，由此证实了肠促胰素效应,0,1,60,120,180,0,2,肠促胰素效应,3,2025/4/17 周四,Nauck et al.Diabetologia.1986,2,型糖尿病患者肠促胰岛素效应减弱,口服葡萄糖,静脉注射葡萄糖,Time(min),Insulin(mU/l),80,60,40,20,0,180,60,120,0,Time(min),Insulin(mU/l),80,60,40,20,0,180,60,120,0,肠促胰岛素效应,非糖尿病组,(n=8),2,型糖尿病组,(n=14),4,Role of Incretin System in Glucose Homeostasis,Normoglycaemia,Glucose uptake by peripheral tissue,Adapted from Drucker DJ.Cell Metab.2006;3:153-65.,Hepatic glucose production,Glucose-dependent,insulin,(GLP-1&GIP),Glucose-,dependent,glucagon,(GLP-1),Pancreas,-cells,-,cells,Release of,active incretins,GLP-1&GIP,DPP-4,inactivates,GLP-1&GIP,GI tract,Ingestion of food,5,2025/4/17 周四,GLP-1,和,GIP,是两类主要的肠促胰素,GLP-1,（胰高糖素样肽,-1,）,GIP,（葡萄糖依赖的促胰岛,素释放多肽）,主要合成部位,L,细胞,(,回肠和结肠,),K,细胞,(,十二指肠和空肠,),2,型糖尿病患者中分泌,是,否,餐后胰高糖素,是,否,食物摄入,是,否,延缓胃排空,是,否,促进,细胞增殖,是,是,促进胰岛素生物合成,是,是,Drucker DJ.Diabetes Care.2003;26:2929-2940,.,The Incretin Effect is Reduced in Type 2 Diabetes,Adapted from Nauck M,et al.Diabetologia.1986;29:46-52.,Oral glucose,(50g),IV glucose,(variable),Responses to an oral glucose load of 50 g and intravenous glucose infusion were measured in 14 type 2 diabetic patients and 8 healthy control subjects.,Responses to glucose load in type 2 diabetics and healthy subjects,Control subjects(N=8),Type 2 diabetic patients(N=14),Oral glucose,(50g),IV glucose,(variable),Venous plasma glucose,(mmol/l),Time,(min),Time,(min),0,10,15,120,180,0,1,60,0,5,10,15,5,120,180,0,1,60,0,2,0,2,Venous immunoreactive,insulin,(mU/l),(nmol/l),0,20,40,60,80,0,20,40,60,80,0,0,0.1,0.3,0.4,0.6,0.5,0.2,0.1,0.3,0.4,0.6,0.5,0.2,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,Venous plasma glucose,(mmol/l),*P0.05 to the respective value after the oral load,Time,(min),Time,(min),120,180,60,120,180,60,0,2,0,2,0,1,0,1,(nmol/l),Venous immunoreactive,insulin,(mU/l),7,2025/4/17 周四,Incretin hormone changes,In patients with type 2 diabetes,levels of GLP-1 released in response to glucose are reduced and GIP activity is decreased,Continuous Infusion of GLP-1 Decreases Fasting Glucose as well as HbA,1c,Adapted from Zander M,et al.Lancet.2002;359(9309):824-30.,Compared to saline,patients treated with GLP-1 showed fasting and 8-hour mean plasma glucose that was decreased by 4.3 mmol/l and 5.5 mmol/l(P0,.0001,),and HbA,1c,that was decreased by 1.3%(P=0.003),Patients assigned saline(N=9),Patients assigned GLP-1(N=10),Glucose concentration in plasma,(mmol/L),0,0,8,2,4,6,0,8,2,4,6,25,20,15,10,5,0,25,20,15,10,5,Week 0,Week 1,Week 6,Time,(hr),Time,(hr),Glucose concentration in plasma,(mmol/L),9,2025/4/17 周四,Exogenous GlucoseDependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Worsens Postprandial Hyperglycaemia in Type 2 Diabetes,Adapted from Chia CW,et al.Diabetes.2009;58(6):1342-9.,GIP given at supraphysiological levels still has an early,short-lived insulinotropic effect in type 2 diabetes,Time,(min),GIP,Placebo,45,5,25,65,280,180,380,80,-20,Insulin,(mg/mL),Glucose,(mg/dL),45,5,25,65,60,40,20,0,Time,(min),190,110,150,230,280,180,380,80,-20,140,190,240,60,40,20,0,When compared with placebo,exogenous GIP infusion not only did not lower postprandial glucose but further worsened hyperglycaemia during late postprandial period(120360 min)in patients with type 2 diabetes(N=22),Changes in insulin,Changes in glucose,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*P0.05 vs placebo,10,2025/4/17 周四,在,2,型糖尿病的治疗中，,针对,GLP-1,的药物更有价值,肠促胰岛素的效应在,2,型糖尿病患者中减弱,在,2,型糖尿病患者中,GIP,水平正常甚至略微升高，但其作用很小,-GIP,抵抗,GIP,的促胰岛素分泌作用的减弱可能是遗传因素和环境因素共同作用引起的,2,型糖尿病患者中，,GLP-1,水平降低，但其作用未受损,开发提高,GLP-1,水平的药物具有重要的临床意义,Nauck.MA et al.J Clin Invest 1993,91:301-307,11,2025/4/17 周四,Sites of Action of GLP-1,Brain,Glucose production,Neuroprotection,Appetite,Liver,Stomach,Gastric emptying,GI tract,Insulin biosynthesis,-,cell proliferation,-cell apoptosis,Insulin secretion,Glucagon secretion,Muscle,Heart,Cardioprotection,Cardiac output,Insulinsensitivity,Adapted from Drucker DJ.Cell Metab.2006;3:153-65.,Pancreas,12,2025/4/17 周四,GLP,-1,在人体的作用,促进饱腹感，,降低食欲,细胞,:,餐后胰高血糖素分泌,肝脏,:,胰高血糖素,减少肝糖输出,胃,:,有助于调节胃排空,细胞,:,促进血糖依赖性,胰岛素,分泌,进食后，小肠,开始分泌,GLP,-1,Adapted from:Flint A,et al.J Clin Invest.1998;101:515-20.Holst JJ.TEM.2005;10:229-35.Lovshin JA,Drucker DJ.Nat Rev Endocrinol.2009;5:262-9.,细胞,工作负荷,细胞,反应,13,2025/4/17 周四,胰高血糖素,样肽,-1(GLP-1),进食后由肠道,L,细胞分泌,GLP-1,在,进食,后数分钟内开始分泌，对食物中脂类和,碳水化合物,的反应最为明显,Kieffer TJ,et al.Endocr Rev.1999;20:876-913,Drucker DJ.Curr Pharm Des.2001;7:1399-412.,Drucker DJ.Mol Endocrinol.2003;17:161-71.,在人体和动物体内,在动物体内和体外研究中,促进葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌,抑制胰高血糖素的释放,延缓胃排空,减少食物的摄入量,增强胰岛素基因的转录,可能通过以下途径增加,细胞数量,-,刺激新生,细胞的形成,-,抑制细胞凋亡,GLP-1,通过其受体（,GLP-1R,）发挥作用,GLP-1R,在胰岛,细胞上表达，受刺激后，可激活,cAMP,，以及蛋白激酶,A,依赖性或非依赖性的作用,14,2025/4/17 周四,Glucose-Dependent Effects of GLP-1,2,型糖尿病,(n=10),Adapted from:Nauck MA,et al.Diabetologia.1993;36:741-4.,-30,0,60,120,180,240,270,180,90,0,安慰剂,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,GLP,-1,葡萄糖,(mg/dL),安慰剂,GLP-1,300,200,100,0,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,GLP,-1,安慰剂,-30,0,60,120,180,240,胰岛素,(pmol/L),20,10,0,*,*,*,*,GLP,-1,安慰剂,-30,0,60,120,180,240,胰高血糖素,(pmol/L),时间,(,分钟,),平均值,(SE);*,P,0.05,GLP-1,以葡萄糖依赖性方式增加胰岛素的分泌,15,2025/4/17 周四,T2DM,中,胰岛,细胞对葡萄糖的敏感性降低,AGR,arg,=2-5,分钟对精氨酸的平均急性胰高糖素反应；,PG,50,=,对,AGR,arg,的抑制达最大值的一半时所需的血糖水平,T2DM=2,型糖尿病,;*,健康者平均年龄,1829,岁,NGT*(n=8),T2DM(n=8),180-,150-,120-,90-,60-,30-,0100200300400500600700,AGR,arg,(pg/mL),血糖水平,(mg/dL),PG,50,Ward WK,et al.J Clin Invest.1984;74:13181328.Dunning B,et al.Diabetologia.2005;48:17001713,16,2025/4/17 周四,糖尿病前期胰高糖素异常,J J Holst,Diabetologia(2009)52:17141723,Bo Ahren,European Journal of Endocrinology(1997)137 127131,糖尿病前期状态的病理生理学,17,2025/4/17 周四,胰高血糖素受体敲除小鼠血糖水平降低,GR-/-,GR+/+,RW Gelling et al.PNAS 100:1438-1443,2003,血糖,(,随意饲养,),血糖,时间,(,天,),18,2025/4/17 周四,T2DM,是胰岛素分泌不足,和胰高糖素分泌增加致高血糖,Mller WA,et al.N Engl J Med.1970;283:109115,碳水化合物膳食,胰高糖素,时间,(,分钟,),75,100,125,150,60,0,60,120,180,240,pg/mL,胰岛素,0,50,100,150,U/mL,0,血糖,100,200,300,400,mg/dL,正常葡萄糖耐量,2,型糖尿病,正常葡萄糖耐量,2,型糖尿病,正常葡萄糖耐量,2,型糖尿病,19,2025/4/17 周四,GLP-1,降低,1,型糖尿病患者的,胰高糖素和血糖水平,Creutzfeldt WO,et al.Diabetes Care.1996;19:580-6.,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,GLP-1,P,.001,Placebo,GLP-1 or Placebo,Placebo,GLP-1,P .001,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,GLP-1,or Placebo,20,2025/4/17 周四,GLP-1,抑制胰高糖素分泌并非由胰岛素介导,GLP-1,抑制胰岛,细胞功能无残留的,1,型糖尿病患者的胰高血糖素分泌,在,2,型糖尿病中，在不足以导致可测出胰岛素分泌的血糖水平下，,GLP-1,能抑制胰高血糖素的分泌,没有证据显示其他非肠促胰素类降糖药物对人胰高糖素分泌起作用,Jesper Gromada Endocrine Reviews 28(1):84116,21,2025/4/17 周四,GLP-1,在体内快速降解,1 2 3,30,GLP-1,Des-HA-GLP-1(,失活,),GLP-1,被,二肽基肽酶,-4,（,DPP-4,）降解失活半衰期,1-2,分钟,1 2,3 30,DPP-4,提高,GLP-1,作用的治疗方法,:,模拟,GLP-1,作用的药物,(,肠促胰岛素类似物,),DPP-4,酶抑制剂,Mentlein et al.Eur J Biochem.1993;Gallwitz et al.Eur J Biochem.1994,22,2025/4/17 周四,DPP4,抑制剂作用机理,食物,摄入,胃,胃肠道,肠,增加和延长,GLP-1,对,细胞的影响,:,细胞：,胰腺,胰岛素释放,净效应：,血糖,细胞,:,增加和延长,GLP-1,和,GIP,对,细胞的作用：,DPP4,抑制剂,胰高血糖素分泌,Drucker,和,Nauck,2006;Idris,和,Donnelly,2007;Barnett,2006,肠促胰岛素,23,2025/4/17 周四,临床药效学,:,稳定状态下，血浆中不同剂量的,DPP-4,活性,CV181002(MAD in T2DM),data are means,血 浆,DPP4,活 性,(,自基线的变化,%,),24,2025/4/17 周四,DPP-4,抑制剂沙格列汀具有双重作用机制,DPP-4,抑制剂,沙格列汀,Br J Diabetes Vase Dis 2010;10:14-20,25,2025/4/17 周四,b-Cell Stimulation by Saxagliptin in Patients with T2D,Study schema,SAXA:saxagliptin;PBO,placebo;BMI:body mass index;T2D:type 2 diabetes.,n=156,n=46,SAXA,5 mg,PBO,Screening,Single-blind lead-in,2 weeks,Double-blindtreatment,12 weeks,Inclusion,Treatment nave,T2D,18-70 years old,HbA,1c,6-8%,BMI 40 kg/m,2,Fasting C-peptide1 ng/mL,Diet&exercise,placebo,Subjects were,provided with:,Meters tomonitor glucose,Blood glucose self-monitoring instruction,n=20,n=16,Randomisation,Adapted from Henry R,et al.Poster presented at EASD.Sep 27-Oct 1,2009.Vienna,Austria.,422HQ09NP101,26,2025/4/17 周四,入选标准,2,型糖尿病病人,筛选访视时，糖化血红蛋白,6.0%,和,8.0%,空腹,C-,肽,浓度,1.0 ng/mL,未服用药物的患者,BMI 40 kg/m,2,男性 和 女性,18,和,70,岁,.,女性必须是不在哺乳期和妊娠期,Source:CV181041 3.3.1,研究,041,27,2025/4/17 周四,有效性终点,主要有效性终点,主要有效性终点是在肠内给糖的高糖钳夹试验中,静脉,-,口服高糖钳夹试验，,180-480,分钟,，胰岛素分泌率曲线下面积在,12,周时自基线变化的百分比。如果没有,12,周的测量值，将采用,12,周前基线后的最后一次测量值。,次要有效性终点,次要有效性终点是在静脉高糖钳夹试验中（,120-180,分钟），胰岛素分泌率曲线下面积在,12,周时自基线变化的百分比。如果没有,12,周的测量值，将采用,12,周前基线后的最后一次测量值。,Source:CV181041 3.5.1.1,研究,041,28,2025/4/17 周四,b-Cell Stimulation by Saxagliptin in Patients with T2D,Methods,SAXA:saxagliptin;PBO:placebo;IV:intravenous.,*Glucose infusion to achieve and maintain hyperglycaemia=280 mg/dL from 0-480 min.At 480 min,infusion adjusted to maintain hyperglycaemia=450 mg/dL.,Arginine 5 g(10%solution,50 mL IV over 30 sec)administered at 505 min.,Samples drawn at protocol-specified intervals.,Sequential IV-Oral hyperglycaemic clamp and arginine stimulation test,Plasma glucose,(mg/dL),400,100,505,200,450,300,280,480,515,180,120,0,-30,Time(min),75 g oralglucosechallenge,Startglucoseinfusion*,SAXAorPBO,IV hyperglycaemic clamp,IV-Oral hyperglycaemic clamp,Argininestimulation test,Samples,Glucose,Insulin,Glucagon,GLP-1,GIP,0,Adapted from Henry R,et al.Poster presented at EASD.Sep 27-Oct 1,2009.Vienna,Austria.,T2D:type 2 diabetes,422HQ09NP101,29,2025/4/17 周四,基线和,12,周,(LOCF),时，高糖钳夹试验中，在空腹（,0-180,分钟）,和,OGTT,后（,180-480,分钟）状态的胰岛素分泌率,Source:CV181041 Figure 7.1(App.5.3.4),研究,041,胰岛素分泌率平均值,(pmol/kg*min),分钟,胰岛素分泌率平均值,(pmol/kg*min),分钟,10,沙格列汀,5mg,安慰剂,10,30,2025/4/17 周四,主要和次要有效性终点,Source:CV181041 Table 7.1,研究,041,有效性终点,(12,周,),沙格列汀,5 mg,n=20,安慰剂,n=16,静脉,-,口服钳夹试验中胰岛素分泌,(pmol/kg)(180-480,分钟,),病例数,16,15,基线平均值,(SE),2817.7,3687.0,12,周,LOCF,平均值,3303.1,3564.3,校正后自基线的几何平均值的变化,%,a,15.9,-2.2,校正后与安慰剂的差异,%,b,18.5,与安慰剂对照的,P-,值,*,0.0350*,静脉钳夹试验中胰岛素分泌,(pmol/kg)(120-180,分钟,),病例数,18,15,基线几何平均值,446.3,593.5,24,周,LOCF,几何平均值,552.1,563.1,校正后自基线的几何平均值的变化,%,a,22.6,-4.1,校正后与安慰剂的区别,%,b,27.9,与安慰剂对照的,P-,值,*,0.0204*,a,估值,=100*exp(,校正后自基线的自然对数平均值的变化,)-1,b,估值,=100*exp(,校正后沙格列汀,5mg,和安慰剂间自然对数平均值变化的差异,)-1,*,在,alpha=0.05,水平,有,意义,时，,比较沙格列汀,5mg,和安慰剂,31,2025/4/17 周四,b-Cell Stimulation by Saxagliptin in Patients with T2D,Insulin secretion rates in the postprandial state,SAXA 5 mg,(n=16),PBO,(n=15),30,-10,10,20,Geometric mean%changefrom baseline,-20,0,-,-,-,-,-,*Values are geometric means;Adjusted%change from baseline,geometric mean and 95%CI(represented by bar),SAXA:saxagliptin;PBO:placebo;,T2D:type 2 diabetes;LOCF,last observation carried forward,.,-2.2,-12.4,9.3,15.9,4.2,29.0,Insulin secretion rate during IV-Oral hyperglycaemic clamp:adjusted%change from baseline at Week 12(LOCF),Insulin secretion rate(pmol/kg)*,Baseline,2818,3687,Week 12(LOCF),3303,3564,Adjusted%difference PBO(95%CI):18.5(1.3,38.7),P,=0.035,Adapted from Henry R,et al.Poster presented at EASD.Sep 27-Oct 1,2009.Vienna,Austria.,422HQ09NP101,32,2025/4/17 周四,b-Cell Stimulation by Saxagliptin in Patients with T2D,Insulin secretion rates in the fasting state,40,-10,10,20,-20,0,-,-,-,-,-,*Values are geometric means;Adjusted%change from baseline,geometric mean and 95%CI(represented by bar),SAXA:saxagliptin;PBO:placebo;,T2D:type 2 diabetes;LOCF,last observation carried forward,.,-4.1,-17.4,11.2,22.6,7.2,40.4,Insulin secretion rate during IV hyperglycaemic clamp:adjusted%change from baseline at Week 12(LOCF),Insulin secretion rate(pmol/kg)*,Baseline,446,594,Week 12(LOCF),552,563,Adjusted%difference PBO(95%CI):27.9(4.2,57.1),P,=0.020,30,-,SAXA 5 mg,(n=18),PBO,(n=15),Geometric mean%changefrom baseline,Adapted from Henry R,et al.Poster presented at EASD.Sep 27-Oct 1,2009.Vienna,Austria.,422HQ09NP101,33,2025/4/17 周四,b-Cell Stimulation by Saxagliptin,in Patients with T2D,Insulin secretion following IV arginine,Insulin secretion in first 5 minutes following IV arginine,SAXA 5 mg,PBO,Acute insulin response,mU/mL,(n=16),(n=14),Baseline,median(Q1,Q3),164(107,203),204(175,268),Week 12,median(Q1,Q3),172(136,228),185(147,208),Change from baseline*,median(Q1,Q3),24.0,(-5.8,71.5),-21.7(-52.3,5.3),*LOCF:last observation carried forward.,P,value vs PBO=0.074(Kruskal-Wallis test),SAXA:saxagliptin;PBO:placebo;IV,intravenous;T2D:type 2 diabetes.,Adapted from Henry R,et al.Poster presented at EASD.Sep 27-Oct 1,2009.Vienna,Austria.,Insulin secretion following IV arginine:changes from baseline at Week 12,422HQ09NP101,34,2025/4/17 周四,静脉,-,口服高糖钳夹试验中，胰高糖素曲,线下面积,12,周,(LOCF),时自基线的变化,Source:CV181041 Section 7.4.3.1(App.5.6.3),研究,041,单位,:pg*min/mL,沙格列汀,5 mgn=20,安慰剂,n=16,统计学结果,病例数,17,14,基线平均值,(SE),14279(1228.2),11177(880.2),12,周,LOCF,平均值,(SE),11571(1112.7),12965(1272.5),自基线变化的平均值,(SE),-2708(864.9),1788(1247.5),校正后自基线的变化,平均值,(SE),-2191(957.8),1161(1061.9),95%,双侧检验的可信区间,-4153,-229,-1014,3336,与安慰剂的不同,a,平均值,(SE),b,-3352(1473.8),95%,双侧检验的可信区间,-6371,-333,p-,值,0.0308,a,沙格列汀,5 mg,与安慰剂自基线变化的差异,b,估值,=,沙格列汀,5 mg,校正后平均值变化,安慰剂校正后平均值变化,35,2025/4/17 周四,H,enry,et al,.Diabetes,Obesity and Metabolism 2011;13:850-858,.,沙格列汀单剂治疗降低胰高糖素水平,沙格列汀降低胰高糖素水平达,15.4%,胰高血糖素,pg/ml,75g,口服葡萄糖测试,沙格列汀,5mg:,基线,沙格列汀,5mg:12,周,36,2025/4/17 周四,SAXA:saxagliptin;PBO:placebo;,T2D:type 2 diabetes,.,b-Cell Stimulation by Saxagliptin in Patients with T2D,GLP-1 and GIP concentrations during IV-Oral hyperglycaemic clamp,360,Time,(min),Mean active GLP-1 concentrations,(pmol/L),0,270,300,420,480,GLP-1,SAXA 5 mg-Week 12,PBO-Week 12,PBO-Baseline,SAXA 5 mg-Baseline,5,4,3,2,1,240,210,180,75 g oralglucose challenge,360,Time,(min),Mean active GIP concentrations,(pmol/L),0,270,300,420,480,GIP,SAXA 5 mg-Week 12,PBO-Week 12,PBO-Baseline,SAXA 5 mg-Baseline,80,60,40,20,10,240,210,180,75 g oralglucose challenge,30,50,70,Adapted from Henry R,et al.Poster presented at EASD.Sep 27-Oct 1,2009.Vienna,Austria.,Active GLP-1 and GIP concentrations during IV-Oral hyperglycemic clamp at baseline and Week 12(LOCF),422HQ09NP101,37,2025/4/17 周四,A1C Changes from Baseline at Week 12(LOCF),Source:CV181041 Section 7.4.4(App.5.7.1),Study 041,Unit:Percent,SAXA 5 mgn=20,PBO,n=16,Summary Statistics,n,18,16,Baseline mean(SE),6.94(0.117),6.59(0.144),Week 12 LOCF mean(SE),6.77(0.155),6.64(0.167),Mean,from baseline(SE),-0.17(0.133),0.05(0.094),Adjusted,from baseline,Mean(SE),-0.14(0.118),0.02(0.125),95%two-sided CI,-0.38,0.10,-0.23,0.28,38,2025/4/17 周四,Fasting Plasma Glucose Changes from Baseline at Week 12(LOCF),Source:CV181041 Section 7.4.1.5(App.5.7.2),Study 041,Mean Change from,Baselinewith 95%CI,SAXA 5 mg,PBO,n=,18,16,Baseline Mean,(,mg/dL),133.2,124.7,39,2025/4/17 周四,Glucose AUC During OGTT Changes from Baseline at Week 12(LOCF),Study 041,Mean Change from,Baselinewith 95%CI,SAXA 5 mg,PBO,n=,16,15,Bas